chapter 2

Question 1

What are the principles to scientific management?

Answer 1

1. Develop a science for each element of work
2. Scientifically train and select each worker
3. Cooperate with workers to ensure work is done according to the developed methods
4. Divide work and responsibility between management and workers

Question 2

What are the values to scientific management?

Answer 2

Efficiency maximum giant or a given investment, risk, of effort
2. Rationality strategic arrangements of work procedures
3. Productivity (and the ability to sustain it)
4. Profit

Question 3

What are the pros to scientific management?

Answer 3

Hiring based on task related capabilities
Use of science to study the most efficacious tools and procedures
Standardized teaching of procedures
Applicable to the big picture perspective on productivity
Influenced further development of organizational theory

Question 4

What are the cons to scientific management?

Answer 4

Treats workers as cogs in the “machine”
Assumes managers and workers share in the 4 underlying values of scientific management
Assumed worker would be happy simply knowing they are benign efficient and contributing to the profitability
Lack of incentive other than wages (workers were paid per unit produced)
Did not account for loss of productivity due to health or family loss

Question 5

What was the Weberian Bureaucracy model?

Answer 5

1. Division of labor and financial specialization
2. Hierarchy
3. Uniform framework of rules and procedures
4. Maintenance of files and other records
5. Professionalization
6. Technical expertise
7. Merit based

Question 6

What was the Hawthorne Experiment

Answer 6

Primarily focused on productivity and Taylor’s Scientific Management

Question 7

What is the spoils system?

Answer 7

appointed friends, and loyalist positions rather being based off merit

Question 8

Merit system

Answer 8

being hired off acquired skills rather than asserted

Question 9

What did the Pendleton act do?

Answer 9

created merit based hiring the act also created the civil service commission

Question 10

What did the Brownlow Report do?

Answer 10

highlighted the need for reorganization within the executive branch, and the expansion of the white house staff.

Question 11

What did theory x state

Answer 11

Don’t like to work
Prefer to be led with supervision
Lack creative work related problem solving skills
Are driven by individual fear of sanctions for poor performance

Question 12

What did theory y state?

Answer 12

Can enjoy work if conditions permit
Prefer and can provide self control in achieving organizational objectives
Can exercise significant creative (work related) problem solving skills
Are motivated in response to ego and social rewards, and influenced by groups

Question 13

Who were the Neo classical theorist?

Answer 13

Robert melton, Philip Selznick,Chester Barnard

Question 14

What was Robert Melton’s model?

Answer 14

emphasis on transparency rather than secrecy

Question 15

What was Philp Selznick’s model?

Answer 15

organizational co-optation

Question 16

What was Chester Barnard’s theory?

Answer 16

that workers are motivated beyond just money, more complex needs; not just simpletons

Question 17

What was Mary Parker Follet’s theory?

Answer 17

Giving orders isn’t enough to motivate satisfactory work

Question 18

What was Herbert Simon’s theory?

Answer 18

Argued for empirical research- quasi scientific methods of controlled experiments and quantitative analysis

Question 19

What was Maslow’s theory?

Answer 19

A person’s overall circumstance is the key to motivation
Multiple goals motivate people

Question 20

What are structural system’s?

Answer 20

Assumes orgs are rational in pursuing their goals/objectives

Question 21

What is the systems theory?

Answer 21

behave according to inputs from their environment, outputs resulting from organizational activity, and feedback leading to further inputs

Question 22

What is an open system?

Answer 22

organizations are highly complex entities that interact with their environment and face uncertainty

Question 23

What is a closed system?

Answer 23

organizations exist with few external variables and relationships, with minimal uncertainty

Question 24

What is functional overlap?

Answer 24

functions in contemporary American bureaucracy that are performed by one bureaucratic entity may also be performed by another.

Question 25

What does span of control mean?

Answer 25

the number of people an individual supervises within a subunit of an organization

Question 26

What is groupthink?

Answer 26

It occurs only in highly cohesive groups that operate in an environment where there is a feeling of security

Question 27

What is gobbledygook?

Answer 27

misleading jargon or meaningless technical terms often used purposely to obscure the meaning of communication within organizations