Final Exam Review Part 1 Flashcards
What is kinship?
The people we are related to through blood (consanguineal) and marriage (affinal)
Kin is divided into three groups:
- nominal (have little to do with)
- effective (kin we see periodically)
- intimate or core kin (those we reside with)
TRUE OR FALSE
Kin is culturally diverse
True
What are the 5 Descent Groups?
- Unilineal Descent
- Double Descent
- Ambilineal Descent
- Bilateral Descent and the Kindred
- Genetic Anthropology and Descent
In the Unilineal Descent:
What is the Patrilineal Descent?
male to male on father’s side
In the Unilineal Descent:
What is Matrilineal Descent?
male to male on mother’s side
TRUE OR FALSE
The most common of all descent groups is unilineal descent
True
Definition of Lineage
Corporate descent group; members trace their descent from a common ancestor
Definition of Clan
Noncorporate descent group: members claim descent from a mythrical ‘totemic’ ancestor
What is Double Descent?
System tracing descent matrilineally for some purposes and patrilineally for others
What is Ambilineal Descent?
Choice of what side of family to follow
What is Bilateral Descent and the Kindred?
not based on the notion of a common ancestor, but rather a network of living relative called the ‘kindred’
- only brothers and sisters have the same kindred as only they call the same family members by the same terms eg. Your parents are mom and dad, but your cousins call your parents aunt and uncle.
What is The Descent Group?
Descent groups are a common form of kinship where members share common living kin, or known or suspected ancestors.
* Descent groups are often highly structured economic units that provide aid and security to their members.
* Descent groups develop from extended families, usually in response to organizational needs.
What is Genetic Anthropology and Descent?
New techniques using DNA are leading to a growth in genealogical studies.
- Link between oldest complete skeleton and a living British family
TRUE OR FALSE
Descent groups are common among foragers
False
What are the 8 Principles of Kinship Classification?
- Sex or Gender
- Lineality versus Collaterality
- Generation
- Consanguineal versus Affinal Kin
- Relative Age
- Sex of the Connecting Relative
- Social Condition
- Side of the Family
What are Parallel cousins?
cousins who are the children of mother’s sister or father’s brother
What are cross-cousins?
cousins who are the children of mother’s brother or father’s sister
What are the six Kinship Systems?
- Eskimo System
- Hawaiian System
- Iroquois System
- Crow System
- Omaha System
- Sudanese or Descriptive System
What is the Eskimo System?
- emphasizes the nuclear family
- used by hunter & gathering societies
- primary system of kinship in Canada and U.S.
What is the Hawaiian System?
- Associated with ambilineal descent
- Distinguishes kin on the basis of sex and generation only
What is the Iroquois System?
- Associated with unilineal descent (matri - patrilineal)
- Parallel cousins classified as siblings (brother/sister)
What is the Crow System associated to?
Matrilineal descent
What is the Omaha System associated with?
Patrilineal descent
What is the Sundanese or Descriptive System?
- Rare, found in the Sudan
- All members on a kinship chart of ‘relatives’ are referred to differently
