Final Exam Review Part 1

Question 1

What is kinship?

Answer 1

The people we are related to through blood (consanguineal) and marriage (affinal)

Question 2

Kin is divided into three groups:

Answer 2

1. nominal (have little to do with)
2. effective (kin we see periodically)
3. intimate or core kin (those we reside with)

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

Kin is culturally diverse

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the 5 Descent Groups?

Answer 4

1. Unilineal Descent
2. Double Descent
3. Ambilineal Descent
4. Bilateral Descent and the Kindred
5. Genetic Anthropology and Descent

Question 5

In the Unilineal Descent:

What is the Patrilineal Descent?

Answer 5

male to male on father’s side

Question 6

In the Unilineal Descent:

What is Matrilineal Descent?

Answer 6

male to male on mother’s side

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE

The most common of all descent groups is unilineal descent

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Definition of Lineage

Answer 8

Corporate descent group; members trace their descent from a common ancestor

Question 9

Definition of Clan

Answer 9

Noncorporate descent group: members claim descent from a mythrical ‘totemic’ ancestor

Question 10

What is Double Descent?

Answer 10

System tracing descent matrilineally for some purposes and patrilineally for others

Question 11

What is Ambilineal Descent?

Answer 11

Choice of what side of family to follow

Question 12

What is Bilateral Descent and the Kindred?

Answer 12

not based on the notion of a common ancestor, but rather a network of living relative called the ‘kindred’
- only brothers and sisters have the same kindred as only they call the same family members by the same terms eg. Your parents are mom and dad, but your cousins call your parents aunt and uncle.

Question 13

What is The Descent Group?

Answer 13

Descent groups are a common form of kinship where members share common living kin, or known or suspected ancestors.
* Descent groups are often highly structured economic units that provide aid and security to their members.
* Descent groups develop from extended families, usually in response to organizational needs.

Question 14

What is Genetic Anthropology and Descent?

Answer 14

New techniques using DNA are leading to a growth in genealogical studies.

• Link between oldest complete skeleton and a living British family

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE

Descent groups are common among foragers

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What are the 8 Principles of Kinship Classification?

Answer 16

1. Sex or Gender
2. Lineality versus Collaterality
3. Generation
4. Consanguineal versus Affinal Kin
5. Relative Age
6. Sex of the Connecting Relative
7. Social Condition
8. Side of the Family

Question 17

What are Parallel cousins?

Answer 17

cousins who are the children of mother’s sister or father’s brother

Question 18

What are cross-cousins?

Answer 18

cousins who are the children of mother’s brother or father’s sister

Question 19

What are the six Kinship Systems?

Answer 19

1. Eskimo System
2. Hawaiian System
3. Iroquois System
4. Crow System
5. Omaha System
6. Sudanese or Descriptive System

Question 20

What is the Eskimo System?

Answer 20

• emphasizes the nuclear family
• used by hunter & gathering societies
• primary system of kinship in Canada and U.S.

Question 21

What is the Hawaiian System?

Answer 21

• Associated with ambilineal descent
• Distinguishes kin on the basis of sex and generation only

Question 22

What is the Iroquois System?

Answer 22

• Associated with unilineal descent (matri - patrilineal)
• Parallel cousins classified as siblings (brother/sister)

Question 23

What is the Crow System associated to?

Answer 23

Matrilineal descent

Question 24

What is the Omaha System associated with?

Answer 24

Patrilineal descent

Question 25

What is the Sundanese or Descriptive System?

Answer 25

• Rare, found in the Sudan
• All members on a kinship chart of ‘relatives’ are referred to differently