Chapter 7 Part 2 Flashcards
What is the economic system?
Means of producing, distributing, and consuming goods
*Not separate from other spheres of culture
The process cannot be understood unless the culture is considered.
Patterns of Labour: Cultural Variation of Gender Roles Found in every society. What are the three configurations?
- Flexibility: male/female tasks equal, but overlap
- Rigid segregation: male/female tasks not equal, based on ‘sex’
- Dual sex: male/female tasks equal, no overlap
What is Control of Land?
Societies allocate land resources based on subsistence strategy
What are Food foragers?
Where to hunt and gather
What are Horticulturalists?
Distribution of farmland
What are Pastoralists?
Water and grazing rights
What are Industrial societies?
Private ownership prevails
What are Nonindustrial societies?
Often controlled by kinship groups
What is Levelling Mechanisms?
Societal obligations to distribute goods so that no one accumulates more wealth than anyone else; *prevents threats to an egalitarian social order
What are the 3 types of Distribution and Exchange?
- Reciprocity
- Redistribution
- Market Exchange
What is Reciprocity?
A mode of distribution characterized by the exchange of goods and services of approximately equal value between parties.
Reciprocity
What are the 3 types of exchange of goods and services between two parties?
- Generalized
- Balanced
- Negative
Reciprocity
What is a Silent Trade?
bonus: give an example
Barter without verbal communication
What is Redistribution?
Requires central administration and economic surplus
Commonly involves an element of coercion
What is Market Exchange?
- Traditionally, in marketplaces
- Today, no longer restricted to marketplaces
- Informal economy: without government regulation; legal (Kijiji)
- Underground economy: without government regulation; illegal (drugs, weapons)
