Chapter 7 Part 2

Question 1

What is the economic system?

Answer 1

Means of producing, distributing, and consuming goods
*Not separate from other spheres of culture
The process cannot be understood unless the culture is considered.

Question 2

Patterns of Labour: Cultural Variation of Gender Roles Found in every society. What are the three configurations?

Answer 2

1. Flexibility: male/female tasks equal, but overlap
2. Rigid segregation: male/female tasks not equal, based on ‘sex’
3. Dual sex: male/female tasks equal, no overlap

Question 3

What is Control of Land?

Answer 3

Societies allocate land resources based on subsistence strategy

Question 4

What are Food foragers?

Answer 4

Where to hunt and gather

Question 5

What are Horticulturalists?

Answer 5

Distribution of farmland

Question 6

What are Pastoralists?

Answer 6

Water and grazing rights

Question 7

What are Industrial societies?

Answer 7

Private ownership prevails

Question 8

What are Nonindustrial societies?

Answer 8

Often controlled by kinship groups

Question 9

What is Levelling Mechanisms?

Answer 9

Societal obligations to distribute goods so that no one accumulates more wealth than anyone else; *prevents threats to an egalitarian social order

Question 10

What are the 3 types of Distribution and Exchange?

Answer 10

1. Reciprocity
2. Redistribution
3. Market Exchange

Question 11

What is Reciprocity?

Answer 11

A mode of distribution characterized by the exchange of goods and services of approximately equal value between parties.

Question 12

Reciprocity

What are the 3 types of exchange of goods and services between two parties?

Answer 12

1. Generalized
2. Balanced
3. Negative

Question 13

Reciprocity

What is a Silent Trade?

bonus: give an example

Answer 13

Barter without verbal communication

Question 14

What is Redistribution?

Answer 14

Requires central administration and economic surplus

Commonly involves an element of coercion

Question 15

What is Market Exchange?

Answer 15

• Traditionally, in marketplaces
• Today, no longer restricted to marketplaces
• Informal economy: without government regulation; legal (Kijiji)
• Underground economy: without government regulation; illegal (drugs, weapons)

Question 16

Anthropologists view consumption from two perspectives:

Answer 16

1. The things/foods we purchase to consume or use
2. The resources we exploit in our everyday lives

Consumption habits have grown dramatically in recent years.
Consumption behaviour varies cross culturally.

Question 17

What are Food taboos?

Answer 17

food used in rituals

food forms maintain social groups

Question 18

Economics, Culture, and the World of Business

Failure to overcome ethnocentrism results in ____ and ____-______ ________

Answer 18

Development schemes and Cross-cultural marketing

Question 19

What is Globalization?

Answer 19

The process of opening up the world markets using modern technology, transportation, entertainment culture

Question 20

Economic anthropology is a subfield of what kind of anthropology?

Answer 20

Cultural Anthropology