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Cells & Molecules > Final Exam Review For Exam 1 > Flashcards

Final Exam Review For Exam 1 Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atomic Structure

A

-Proton=particle with (+) charge
-Neutron=particle with (0) charge
-Electron=particle with (-) charge

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2
Q

Elements That Make Up 96% of Living Matter

A

-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen

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3
Q

Amount of Bonds Needed

A

Carbon-4
Hydrogen-1
Oxygen-2
Nitrogen-3
Phosphorus-5
Sulfur-6

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4
Q

Electronegativity

A

-atoms like to have electrons around them
-oxygen & nitrogen are electronegative
-sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, & phosphate are not electronegative

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5
Q

Polar Bond

A

-electrons are not shared equally between two atoms

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6
Q

Nonpolar Bond

A

-electrons are shared equally between two atoms

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7
Q

Ionic Bond

A

-electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

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8
Q

3D Shape Impacts a Molecules Charge

A

-molecules could have polar bonds but be nonpolar

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9
Q

Properties of Carbon

A

-allows structural flexibility
-forms the structural skeleton for organic molecules
-carbohydrates, nucleic acids, amino acids, & lipids are carbon based
-basis for functional groups

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10
Q

Water Special Properties

A

-strong cohesion
-good adhesion
-ice floats
-high specific heat
-high heat of vaporization

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11
Q

Water Impacts Biomolecules

A

-polar molecules will want to interact with water
-nonpolar molecules will want to be shielded from water

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12
Q

Amino Functional Group

A

-acts as a base

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13
Q

Carboxyl Functional Group

A

-acts as an acid

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14
Q

Carbonyl Functional Group

A

-aldehydes
-react with certain compounds to produce larger molecules

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15
Q

Hydroxyl Functional Group

A

-highly polar
-compounds make more soluble through hydrogen bonding with water
-can act as a weak acid

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16
Q

Phosphate Functional Group

A

-molecules with more than one phosphate linked together store large amounts of chemical energy

17
Q

Sulfhydryl

A

-can form S-S bonds that contribute to protein structure

18
Q

Basic Structure of Amino Acid

A

-amino group
-carboxyl group
-side chain

19
Q

Amino Acid Chains Provide Functional Properties

A

Vary depending on type of R group:
-nonpolar
-uncharged, polar
-acidic or basic

20
Q

Levels of Protein Structure

A

-primary is the unique sequence of amino acids
-secondary is the alpha helix & beta strands
-tertiary is the 3D shape
-quaternary is protein subunits that bind together

21
Q

Nucleotide

A

-a phosphate group
-a five carbon sugar
-a nitrogenous base

22
Q

DNA Structure

A

-antiparallel double helix
-A-T & G-C

23
Q

DNA & RNA Differences

A

-sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose in RNA
-thymine is replaced by uracil
-RNA more versatile than DNA

24
Q

DNA Functions

A

-replication
-encoding information
-gene expression

25
Q

RNA Structure

A

-3D shape is critical to stability and function

26
Q

Nucleic Acid Function

A

-carry genetic information

27
Q

Proteins Function

A

-energy
-hormone & enzyme production
-build tissues & muscles
-immune

28
Q

Carbohydrates Molecular Formula

A

-(CH2O)n

29
Q

Glycosidic Linkages for Polysaccharides

A

-alpha can be digested by animals(energy storage)
-beta can not be digested by animals(structural support)

30
Q

Carbohydrates Functions

A

-energy source
-help control blood glucose & insulin metabolism
-building macromolecules

31
Q

Difference Between Saturated & Unsaturated Fats

A

-saturated are hydrocarbon chains that consists of only single bonds between the carbons
-unsaturated are one or more double bonds existing in the hydrocarbon chains

32
Q

Lipids Functions

A

-structure
-energy transport & storage
-signaling molecules

33
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

-fluid: membrane & proteins move around
-Mosaic: membrane contains various proteins & phosholipids

34
Q

Permeability

A

-allowing liquids or gases to pass through

35
Q

Movement Across a Membrane

A

-passive diffusion: substance crosses from high to low concentration
-facilitated transport: no energy required, protein embedded in the membrane that allows the substance to move through
-active transport: requires energy, protein allows substance to move through
-osmosis: movement of water across membrane

Cells & Molecules (13 decks)

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