Ch 12 Cell Cycle & Mitosis Exam 3

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

-all living things are made of cells
-cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

-cell replication
-separate the copies

Question 3

S Phase

Answer 3

-copy the DNA
-process DNA replication

Question 4

Cytokinesis

Answer 4

-divide the cytoplasm

Question 5

Chromosomes and DNA

Answer 5

-DNA is packaged in chromosomes

Question 6

Sister Chromatids

Answer 6

-contain identical DNA sequences
-are attached at the centromere

Question 7

Unreplicated Chromosome

Answer 7

-consists of a single, long DNA double helix wrapped around proteins

Question 8

Replicated Chromosome

Answer 8

-consists of two copies of the same DNA double helix

Question 9

G1 Phase

Answer 9

-cell growth
-prepares for S phase

Question 10

G2 Phase

Answer 10

-cell prepares for division(m-phase)

Question 11

M Phase

Answer 11

-splits chromosomes & cytoplasm
-division of the nucleus and division of the cytoplasm
-contains prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

Question 12

G1-S Checkpoint

Answer 12

-big enough?
-nutrients
-signal to divide
-DNA damage

Question 13

G2-M Checkpoint

Answer 13

-DNA copied correctly?
-DNA damage

Question 14

M-Phase Checkpoint

Answer 14

-did spindle attach to chromosome?
-did chromosomes separate?

Question 15

Interphase

Answer 15

-chromosomes replicate
-cells are ready to enter m-phase
-each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids
-centrosomes have replicated
-G1, S, G2 occur

Question 16

Prophase

Answer 16

-1st step
-chromosomes condense
-spindle apparatus begins to form

Question 17

Prometaphase

Answer 17

-2nd step
-nuclear envelope breaks down
-microtubules contact chromosomes at kinetochores

Question 18

Metaphase

Answer 18

-middle phase(3rd step)
-chromosomes complete migration to middle of cell at an imaginary metaphase plate
-spindles are completely formed

Question 19

Anaphase

Answer 19

-4th step(against phase)
-sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes
-daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles in the cell

Question 20

Telophase

Answer 20

-5th step(last)
-nuclear envelope re-forms around chromosomes
-chromosomes de-condense

Question 21

Cytokinesis

Answer 21

-divides the cell into two daughters
-cytoplasm divides into each cell
-in plants the spindle apparatus is where the cells will separate
-in other eukaryotes cleavage furrow forms

Question 22

M Phase Promoting Factor

Answer 22

-protein kinase that activates M-phase

Question 23

Cyclin-CDK Regulation

Answer 23

-phosphorylation of one site inhibits kinase activity
-phosphorylation of a different site activates kinase activity

Question 24

Cancer

Answer 24

-defects that activate proteins required for cell growth when they shouldn’t be
-defects that prevent tumor suppressor genes from putting the brakes on cell cycle

Question 25

Cancer Properties

Answer 25

-cancer starts as a single mutated cell
-mutations allow the cell to acquire new characteristics

Question 26

Uncontrolled Growth

Answer 26

-loss of social control

Question 27

Invasive Growth

Answer 27

-cells from the tumor can detach & invade other parts of the body