Final Exam Review

Question 1

What is anatomy physiology and histology the study of?

Answer 1

Structure, function, tissue

Question 2

What is anatomical position?

Answer 2

Standing up right, palms facing the front, arms and legs shoulder length apart

Question 3

What is prone? And supine?

Answer 3

Prone is to play on your stomach, spine is laying on your spine

Question 4

What sections come from a coronal/frontal cut?

Answer 4

Anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal

Question 5

What comes from a sagittal cut?

Answer 5

Left and right

Question 6

What sections come from a transverse/horizontal cut?

Answer 6

Superior and inferior

Question 7

How can you describe medial and lateral?

Answer 7

Medial is closer to the median/middle. Lateral is the opposite, away from the median.

Question 8

How can you describe direction with limbs?

Answer 8

Proximal (closer to origin) and distal (away from origin)

Question 9

Describe deep and superifical.

Answer 9

Deep is deeper inside and superficial is closer to surface

Question 10

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the head. frontal, occipital, orbital, nasal, oral, cervical.

Answer 10

Frontal: forehead
Occipital: back of head
Orbital: eyes
Nasal: nose
Oral: mouth
Cervical: neck

Question 11

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the anterior torso. Axillary, thoracic, abdominal.

Answer 11

Axillary: armpits
Thoracic: heart
Abdominal: intestines

Question 12

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the posterior torso. Thoracic, lumbar, vertebral gluteal.

Answer 12

Thoracic: upper back
Lumbar: lower back
Vertebral: back
Gluteal: butt

Question 13

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the upper limb. Deltoid, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, carpals.

Answer 13

Deltoid: shoulder
Brachial: between shoulder and elbow
Antecubital: other end of elbow
Antebrachial: forearm
Carpals: wrist

Question 14

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the lower limb. Femoral, patellar, popliteal, crural, sural, tarsal.

Answer 14

Femoral: thigh
Patellar: knee
Popliteal: back of knee
Crural: shins
Sural: calf
Tarsal: Ankles

Question 15

What’s in the cranial and vertebral cavities?

Answer 15

Brain and spine

Question 16

What’s in the abdominal and pelvic regions?

Answer 16

Abdominal: stomach
Pelvic: urinary bladder

Question 17

What’s in the pleural and pericardial cavities?

Answer 17

Pleural: lungs
Pericardial: heart

Question 18

What’s in the cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Cytosol and organelles

Question 19

What helps organelles float around the cell?

Answer 19

Intracellular fluid cytosol

Question 20

What’s the function of the plasma membrane/cell membrane?

Answer 20

Keep unwanted things out with selective permeability

Question 21

What the main function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 21

Protect, secrete, and absorb

Question 22

What’s the main function of connective tissue?

Answer 22

Bind organs and tissues together

Question 23

What’s the main function of the muscular system?

Answer 23

Contract for movement

Question 24

What’s the main function of nervous tissue?

Answer 24

Send signals and process stimuli

Question 25

What's a mnemonic for the layers of the integumentary system (superficial to deep)?

Answer 25

Come let's get sun burned

Question 26

Name the layers of epidermis, superficial to deep.

Answer 26

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

Question 27

What in the reticular layer? and papillary?

Answer 27

Reticular layer: collagen Papillary: dermal papillae, areolar connective tissue

Question 28

What are melanocytes?

Answer 28

Cells of skin pigment located in the stratum basale

Question 29

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 29

Cells filled with keratin

Question 30

What is produced by the sebaceous and sweat glands?

Answer 30

Sebaceous glands: Oil Sweat glands: sweat lol

Question 31

What are axial bones?

Answer 31

Non-limb and non-girdle bones

Question 32

What are appendicular bones?

Answer 32

Bones of the limbs and the girdles of the limbs

Question 33

Describe the movement of plane/gliding joints?

Answer 33

Sliding across flat surfaces

Question 34

Describe the movement of hinge joint.

Answer 34

Hinge like a door

Question 35

Describe the movement of a pivot joint.

Answer 35

It pivots lol

Question 36

Describe the movement of a saddle joint?

Answer 36

Concaved structures

Question 37

Describe the movement of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 37

Full range of motion on all planes

Question 38

Describe the movement of a condylar/ellipsoid joint?

Answer 38

oval shaped structures allowing biaxial movement

Question 39

What's the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 39

store calcium ions for each myofibril

Question 40

What's the component of the thick filament?

Answer 40

Myosin

Question 41

What are the components of the thin filament?

Answer 41

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

Question 42

Name the muscles of the trunk.

Answer 42

Pectoralis major, Trapezius Latissimus doris

Question 43

How much of blood is plasma?

Answer 43

55%

Question 44

What is the majority of plasma composed of>

Answer 44

Water

Question 45

How much of blood is red blood cells?

Answer 45

44%

Question 46

Name and describe the leukocytes. Also, state the mnemonic for remembering how common they are.

Answer 46

Neutrophil: granular, for bacteria Lymphocyte: agranular, immunity Monocyte: agranular, eats pathogens Eosinophil: granular, parasites Basophil: agranular, allergies Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.

Question 47

Is the apex of the heart superior or inferior to the base?

Answer 47

Inferior

Question 48

What is another term for epicardium?

Answer 48

Visceral pericardium

Question 49

What are the layers of the heart wall from deep to superficial?

Answer 49

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Question 50

What's another name for the tricuspid valve and where is it located?

Answer 50

The right atrioventricular valve, on the right side of the heart and between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 51

What's another name for the bicuspid valve and where is it located?

Answer 51

The left atrioventricular valve, between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 52

What's the function of the sinoatrial node?

Answer 52

Acts as the pacemaker of the heart

Question 53

What is lymph?

Answer 53

Fluid that transports lymphocytes

Question 54

Which lymphatic vessels bring in lymph?

Answer 54

Afferent lymph vessels

Question 55

What category do tonsils fit in?

Answer 55

Lymph nodules

Question 56

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 56

Egg-shaped clusters of lymphatic cells within a capsules

Question 57

What's the largest organ of the lymphatic system?

Answer 57

Spleen