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BMS 208: Human Anatomy > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy physiology and histology the study of?

A

Structure, function, tissue

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2
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

Standing up right, palms facing the front, arms and legs shoulder length apart

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3
Q

What is prone? And supine?

A

Prone is to play on your stomach, spine is laying on your spine

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4
Q

What sections come from a coronal/frontal cut?

A

Anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal

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5
Q

What comes from a sagittal cut?

A

Left and right

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6
Q

What sections come from a transverse/horizontal cut?

A

Superior and inferior

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7
Q

How can you describe medial and lateral?

A

Medial is closer to the median/middle. Lateral is the opposite, away from the median.

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8
Q

How can you describe direction with limbs?

A

Proximal (closer to origin) and distal (away from origin)

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9
Q

Describe deep and superifical.

A

Deep is deeper inside and superficial is closer to surface

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10
Q

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the head. frontal, occipital, orbital, nasal, oral, cervical.

A

Frontal: forehead
Occipital: back of head
Orbital: eyes
Nasal: nose
Oral: mouth
Cervical: neck

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11
Q

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the anterior torso. Axillary, thoracic, abdominal.

A

Axillary: armpits
Thoracic: heart
Abdominal: intestines

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12
Q

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the posterior torso. Thoracic, lumbar, vertebral gluteal.

A

Thoracic: upper back
Lumbar: lower back
Vertebral: back
Gluteal: butt

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13
Q

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the upper limb. Deltoid, brachial, antecubital, antebrachial, carpals.

A

Deltoid: shoulder
Brachial: between shoulder and elbow
Antecubital: other end of elbow
Antebrachial: forearm
Carpals: wrist

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14
Q

Name a structure in each of the following regions of the lower limb. Femoral, patellar, popliteal, crural, sural, tarsal.

A

Femoral: thigh
Patellar: knee
Popliteal: back of knee
Crural: shins
Sural: calf
Tarsal: Ankles

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15
Q

What’s in the cranial and vertebral cavities?

A

Brain and spine

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16
Q

What’s in the abdominal and pelvic regions?

A

Abdominal: stomach
Pelvic: urinary bladder

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17
Q

What’s in the pleural and pericardial cavities?

A

Pleural: lungs
Pericardial: heart

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18
Q

What’s in the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol and organelles

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19
Q

What helps organelles float around the cell?

A

Intracellular fluid cytosol

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20
Q

What’s the function of the plasma membrane/cell membrane?

A

Keep unwanted things out with selective permeability

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21
Q

What the main function of epithelial tissue?

A

Protect, secrete, and absorb

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22
Q

What’s the main function of connective tissue?

A

Bind organs and tissues together

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23
Q

What’s the main function of the muscular system?

A

Contract for movement

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24
Q

What’s the main function of nervous tissue?

A

Send signals and process stimuli

25
Q

What’s a mnemonic for the layers of the integumentary system (superficial to deep)?

A

Come let’s get sun burned

26
Q

Name the layers of epidermis, superficial to deep.

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.

27
Q

What in the reticular layer? and papillary?

A

Reticular layer: collagen
Papillary: dermal papillae, areolar connective tissue

28
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Cells of skin pigment located in the stratum basale

29
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Cells filled with keratin

30
Q

What is produced by the sebaceous and sweat glands?

A

Sebaceous glands: Oil
Sweat glands: sweat lol

31
Q

What are axial bones?

A

Non-limb and non-girdle bones

32
Q

What are appendicular bones?

A

Bones of the limbs and the girdles of the limbs

33
Q

Describe the movement of plane/gliding joints?

A

Sliding across flat surfaces

34
Q

Describe the movement of hinge joint.

A

Hinge like a door

35
Q

Describe the movement of a pivot joint.

A

It pivots lol

36
Q

Describe the movement of a saddle joint?

A

Concaved structures

37
Q

Describe the movement of a ball and socket joint?

A

Full range of motion on all planes

38
Q

Describe the movement of a condylar/ellipsoid joint?

A

oval shaped structures allowing biaxial movement

39
Q

What’s the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

store calcium ions for each myofibril

40
Q

What’s the component of the thick filament?

A

Myosin

41
Q

What are the components of the thin filament?

A

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

42
Q

Name the muscles of the trunk.

A

Pectoralis major, Trapezius Latissimus doris

43
Q

How much of blood is plasma?

A

55%

44
Q

What is the majority of plasma composed of>

A

Water

45
Q

How much of blood is red blood cells?

A

44%

46
Q

Name and describe the leukocytes. Also, state the mnemonic for remembering how common they are.

A

Neutrophil: granular, for bacteria
Lymphocyte: agranular, immunity
Monocyte: agranular, eats pathogens
Eosinophil: granular, parasites
Basophil: agranular, allergies
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.

47
Q

Is the apex of the heart superior or inferior to the base?

A

Inferior

48
Q

What is another term for epicardium?

A

Visceral pericardium

49
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall from deep to superficial?

A

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

50
Q

What’s another name for the tricuspid valve and where is it located?

A

The right atrioventricular valve, on the right side of the heart and between the right atrium and ventricle

51
Q

What’s another name for the bicuspid valve and where is it located?

A

The left atrioventricular valve, between the left atrium and left ventricle.

52
Q

What’s the function of the sinoatrial node?

A

Acts as the pacemaker of the heart

53
Q

What is lymph?

A

Fluid that transports lymphocytes

54
Q

Which lymphatic vessels bring in lymph?

A

Afferent lymph vessels

55
Q

What category do tonsils fit in?

A

Lymph nodules

56
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Egg-shaped clusters of lymphatic cells within a capsules

57
Q

What’s the largest organ of the lymphatic system?

A

Spleen

58
Q
A

BMS 208: Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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