Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cosmetoloy 131 > Final exam review > Flashcards

Final exam review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

to secrete oil to lubricate the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which example illustrates the skin’s heat regulation function?

A

sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wanda’s skin has recently been experiencing a significant amount of new wrinkles. What could explain these new wrinkles? Wanda’s skin has recently been experiencing a significant amount of new wrinkles. What could explain these new wrinkles?

A

Wanda has recently been working at an outdoor job that requires frequent exposure to very cold temperatures, which weakens collagen fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Water loss through perspiration is an example of which function of the skin?

A

excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the underlying or inner layer of the skin?

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which is a reasonable prediction of an outcome for a client who does not use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher?

A) The skin’s hydrolipidic film will break down and allow pathogens to penetrate the dry skin.

B) The client will be susceptible to Sensory Processing Disorder, causing a lack of tolerance to hot and cold sensations on the skin.

C) Collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the client’s skin will age prematurely.

D) Sebum on the epidermis will dry up, allowing for bacteria to penetrate the epidermis.

A

C) collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the client’s skin will age prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All of the following are skin functions EXCEPT ________.

A) heat regulation
B) sensation
C) absorption
D) add necessary body weight to maintain good health

A

D) add necessary body weight to maintain good health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is ________.

A

dermatology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which sentence best describes the difference in the functions of pheomelanin and eumelanin in the skin?

A) A person with predominantly pheomelanin tends to have rosy skin, whereas a person with predominantly eumelanin tends to have cooler skin tones..

B) A person with predominantly pheomelanin will have skin with good form and strength, whereas a person with predominantly eumelanin will have skin with good elasticity and flexibility.

C) A person with predominantly pheomelanin will detoxify the skin well, whereas a person with predominantly eumelanin will have skin that is well lubricated and soft.

D) A person with predominantly pheomelanin will have good muscle stimulation, whereas a person with predominantly eumelanin will react quickly to sensory stimuli.

A

A) A person with predominantly pheomelanin tends to have rosy skin, whereas a person with predominantly eumelanin tends to have cooler skin tones.

pheomelanain is red toned while eumelanin is brown/ black toned which are cool tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The fibrous protein that gives skin its flexibility and helps skin regain its shape after being expanded is _______.

A

elastin

Think of the word “elastic.” It will stretch and snap back into place if it is elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain are called.

A

sensory nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lately, a client has noticed body sweat much more than typical in the past. Which situation could explain this increased perspiration?

A) The client is using sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.

B) The client started using a new oil-based nail polish.

C) The client is taking a new prescription drug.

D) The client has allowed the hair to grow longer than the usual hairstyle.

A

C) The client is taking a new prescription drug.

Drugs can interfere with the sudoriferous glands (sweat-producing glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the ________.

A

stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All of the following are reasons cosmetologists should understand skin structure and growth EXCEPT:

A) Providing excellent skin care for clients depends on knowing the skin’s underlying structure and needs.

B) Advising clients on how to improve their skin to be healthy-looking requires knowledge of skin structure and growth.

C) Diagnosing and providing treatment for abnormal skin conditions, illnesses, or diseases requires knowledge of skin structure and growth.

D) Advising clients on protecting, nourishing, and preserving skin health and beauty relies on understanding advances in technology, ingredients, and delivery systems.

A

C) Diagnosing and providing treatment for abnormal skin conditions, illnesses, or diseases requires knowledge of skin structure and growth.

Diagnosing and treatment is out of our scope of practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A broad-spectrum sunscreen is one that ______.

A

has been shown to protect against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which response describes a cause of wrinkles or sagging skin?

A) the sebaceous glands secreting too little sebum due to emotional stress

B) the barrier function allowing too much skin moisture to be lost by water evaporation

C) the inability of sudoriferous glands to eliminate waste products from the skin

D) collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light

A

D) collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails?

A

keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of elastin?

A

it gives the skin flexibility and elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin?

A

subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called ______.

A

sebaceous glands

Oil glands produce oil and sebum —>sebaceous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which two structures give the skin strength, form, and flexibility?

A

collagen and elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

______ helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays.

A

melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

All of the following describe a defense mechanism the skin uses to protect the body EXCEPT:

A)Hair follicles pull bacteria from the surface of the skin.

B) Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands protects from external dangers, such as bacteria invasion.

C) The hydrolipidic film prevents the skin from drying out.

D) The pH of the acid mantle protects from pathogens

A

A) Hair follicles pull bacteria from the surface of the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which layer of the epidermis forms unique fingerprints and footprints and is only located on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and the digits?

A

stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which sentence best defines melanin?

A) This fatty or oily substance lubricates the skin and preserves hair’s softness.

B) This fibrous protein of cells is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails.

C) These tiny grains of pigment are produced by melanocytes in the stratum germinativum.

D) This fibrous, connective tissue is made from protein that gives the skin form and strength.

A

C) These tiny grains of pigment are produced by melanocytes in the stratum germinativum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is _____.

A

pheomelanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which nerve fibers in the skin stimulate muscles?

A

motor nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s skin?

A

50-70 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?

A

motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?

A

motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

If a cosmetologist holds a strand of hair with one hand while sliding the other hand’s thumb and forefinger from the end of the strand to the client’s scalp, what component of the hair is being analyzed?

A

porosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which portion of the hair root structure supplies nutrients so that the hair can grow?

A

the dermal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?

A

coarse hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following conclusions can a cosmetologist make if a client expresses concern about not being able to grow the hair beyond shoulder length?

A) The client has primarily lanugo hair, which is shed more frequently than vellus hair or terminal hair.

B) The catagen phase of the client’s hair growth occurs more quickly than that phase in other people’s hair growth, so the client’s hair stops growing.

C) The anagen phase of the client’s hair growth is shorter than the anagen phase in other people’s hair growth, so the client’s hair will not grow any longer.

D) The client has a larger amount of vellus hair than terminal hair, so the client sheds most hair strands before they can grow long.

A

C) The anagen phase of the client’s hair growth is shorter than the anagen phase in other people’s hair growth, so the client’s hair will not grow any longer.

the anagen phase is when the hair itself actually grows to the longest length it can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why should cosmetologists understand hair and scalp properties?

A

Identifying hair growth cycles and the differences between common and uncommon hair loss will help when recommending hair loss treatments to the client.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

In which phase of the hair growth cycle does the follicle canal shrink and detach from the dermal papilla?

A

catagen phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which layer of the hair shaft provides strength, elasticity, and color?

A

the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?

A

anagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which of the following can be a cause of dry hair and dry scalp?

A

inactive sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of the _____ system.

A

integumentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Each of the following is a layer of the hair shaft structure EXCEPT ______.

A) the hair fiber

B) the cortex

C) the medulla

D) the hair cuticle

A

the hair fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair _____.

A

porosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a _______ chain.

A

polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which sentence best describes the medulla?

A) The medulla is the fibrous protein layer of the hair.

B) The medulla is the hair’s pith or core.

C) The medulla is the hair’s outermost layer.

D) The medulla is a cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair bulb.

A

B) The medulla is the hair’s pith or core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the major chemical elements that make up human hair?

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur

COHNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

All of the following are living portions of hair that are below the skin surface EXCEPT __________.

A) the hair bulb

B) the arrector pili muscle

C) the dermal papilla

D) the hair follicle

A

the arrector pili muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which component of hair is defined as the thickness or diameter of an individual hair strand?

A

texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Each of the following is one of the main types of body hair EXCEPT ______.

A) anagen hair

B) terminal hair

C) lanugo hair

D) vellus hair

A

anagen hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is a procedure a cosmetologist could use to determine how quickly hair will process during chemical servicing?

A

Feel a strand of hair to determine the hair’s texture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are the three growth cycles of human hair?

A

anagen, catagen, and telogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are _____.

A

hydrogen, salt, and disulfide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Which part of the living portion of the hair is defined as the structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin?

A

the hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of the scalp is hair _____.

A

density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Hair is approximately _____ percent protein.

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the phase of the hair growth cycle in which the hair can shed?

A

telogen phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

How is a disulfide bond formed in human hair?

A

Sulfur atoms on neighboring cysteine amino acids within polypeptide chains in the hair join.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What are the two parts of a strand of human hair?

A

the root and the shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Which of the following is true about hair?

A) Scalp massages will increase hair growth.

B) Hair growth rate is determined by genetics.

C) Cutting hair makes it grow back faster and darker.

D) Gray hair is coarser than pigmented hair.

A

B) hair growth rate is determined by genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which of the following is a situation in which a cosmetologist would allow the hair to cool before styling?

A) when hydrogen side bonds have been broken by the heat from a curling iron

B) when peptide bonds between amino acids are broken by a heat lamp during color processing

C) when salt side bonds are being formed by changes in pH during chemical servicing

D) when disulfide bonds are converted to lanthionine bonds during servicing with a flat iron

A

A) when hydrogen side bonds have been broken by the heat from a curling iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the outermost layer of hair?

A

hair cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Which statement best describes what may have happened to cause a client’s hair to grow in a whorl pattern?

A) The strands of hair in the whorl are less elastic than the surrounding hair as a result of damage from a thermal styling tool.

B) The hair in the whorl has a raised cuticle, whereas the surrounding hair does not.

C) The strands of hair in the whorl are oily due to overactive sebaceous glands.

D) The strands of hair in the whorl are leaving the follicles at an angle different from the surrounding hairs.

A

D) The strands of hair in the whorl are leaving the follicles at an angle different from the surrounding hairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

A cosmetologist is able to provide treatment for _________.

A) seborrheic dermatitis

B) scabies

C) folliculitis

D) trichoptilosis

A

D) trichoptilosis

split ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What hair disorder is caused by loss of the hair’s natural pigment?

A

canities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Which sentence best describes a client with the disorder monilethrix?

A) The client’s hair is longer or thicker than usual

B) The client’s hair is knotted and brittle

C) The client’s hair has alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.

D) The client’s hair has a beaded appearance due to narrowing of the hair shaft.

A

D) The client’s hair has a beaded appearance due to narrowing of the hair shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What are indications that a client is infected with scabies?

A

The client complains of itchiness and a bumpy rash with blisters on the scalp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the most appropriate process to distinguish pityriasis and pediculosis capitis?

A

Examine the scalp closely to determine whether the foreign matter is loose or attached to hair strands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?

A

pityriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp?

A

tinea favosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the technical term for beaded hair?

A

monilethrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Which type of alopecia is defined as hair loss in round or irregularly shaped patches caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles?

A

alopecia areata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Trichoptilosis is the technical term for _____.

A

split ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain?

A

furuncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Which hair disorder causes terminal hair to grow on areas of a woman’s body where terminal hair typically does not grow?

A

hirsuties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?

A

trichorrhexis nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

If a client’s hair is brittle and there are circular-shaped lesions on the scalp with red spots at the opening of the hair follicles, the client is likely infected with ______.

A

streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?

A

pityriasis steatoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

An example of a parasitic infection is ________.

A

pediculosis capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What is the cause of pityriasis?

A

fungal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

The following are all causes of hair loss EXCEPT ______.

A) autoimmune disorders

B) pregnancy

C) extreme stress

D) insufficient diet

A

extreme stress

80
Q

Why should cosmetologists understand hair and scalp disorders and diseases?

A

Cosmetologists can better recommend client hair loss treatments if they can identify the differences between common and irregular hair loss.

81
Q

Which of the following statements is true about alopecia areata?

A

Alopecia areata most often begins in childhood.

82
Q

The complete loss of all body hair is known as _____.

A

alopecia universalis

83
Q

Each of the following hair disorders is characterized by brittle hair EXCEPT ______.

A) hirsuties

B) fragilitis crinium

C) monilethrix

D) trichorrhexis nodosa

A

A) hirsuties

this is when terminal hair grows in places that are not typical for women

84
Q

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called _____.

A

postpartum alopecia

85
Q

Which treatment is recommended for a client with trichorrhexis nodosa?

A

softening the hair with conditioners

86
Q

What is the technical term for brittle hair?

A

fragilitis crinium

87
Q

The following are all true statements about congenital canities EXCEPT:

A) canities can be caused by narrowing of the hair shaft

B) canities can result from age and genetics

C) canities can be present at birth

D) canities can result from extreme stress

A

A) canities can be caused by narrowing of the hair shaft

88
Q

What would result if a cosmetologist treated a client with trichoptilosis by conditioning and moisturizing the hair?

A

The hair would be softened, but the damage would not be repair

89
Q

A client expresses frustration with continued thinning hair following a prolonged medical situation, during which the client did not receive adequate nutrition. On the advice of the healthcare provider, the client followed an improved nutrition diet, but after 2 months there has been no improvement in hair density. What advice should a cosmetologist give the client?

A

The client should continue the improved nutrition diet and wait for results as there has not yet been enough time for the hair follicles to regenerate.

90
Q

Voluntary muscles (striated) are ________.

A

muscles that a person can control at will.

91
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

A cell reproduces by dividing into two identical cells

92
Q

What is the function of the hyoid?

A

to support the tongue and its muscles

93
Q

Which muscle causes wrinkles across the forehead?

A

frontalis

94
Q

What is the recommended direction and location from exerting massage pressure?

A

insertion to origin

95
Q

The broad muscle that extends from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin and is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip is called the _______.

A

platysma

96
Q

How is anatomy different from physiology?

A

Anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body, whereas physiology is the study of the activities of those structures.

97
Q

The levator palpebrae superioris and the levator anguli oris are muscles of the _______.

A

face, nose, and mouth

98
Q

Carry messages from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord, also know as afferent nerves.

A

sensory nerves

99
Q

The division of the nervous system that controls voluntary muscle actions is the _______.

A

central nervous system

100
Q

A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____.

A

tissue

101
Q

What muscle action is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and controls body functions such as breathing and digestion?

A

involuntary muscles

102
Q

A cosmetologist should have an understanding of the skeletal system because ________.

A

it helps protect the cosmetologist’s own body by using proper body mechanics while working

103
Q

A cosmetologist is designing a new eye makeup style for a client. Which bones will affect the appearance of the eye makeup that is applied?

A

the zygomatic bones and lacrimal bones

104
Q

The small muscle located between the eyebrows below the frontalis that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.

A

corrugator

105
Q

Which description best defines a motor nerve?

A

motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.

106
Q

One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to ________.

A

help in the production of red and white blood cells

107
Q

Which of the following types of tissue in the body controls as well as coordinates all functions of the body?

A

nerve tissue

108
Q

Contains enzymes that help digest a break down other molecules from food in the cell.

A

cytoplasm

109
Q

What is the relationship between organs and body systems?

A

An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specific function, whereas a body system is a group of organs that works together to perform functions.

110
Q

Why should cosmetologsts have an understanding of anatomy and physiology?

A

Because working with the bones of the face and skull adds to flattering haircuts, hairstyles, and makeup applications.

111
Q

Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions are called _____.

A

organs

112
Q

What is the neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head originating at the clavicle and inserts at the temporal bone.

A

sternocleidomastoideus

113
Q

Identify a true statement about origin, which is one of the three parts of a muscle.

A) It is anchored to the bone.

B) It is the movable part of the muscle anchored to the bone.

C) It is the middle part of the muscle.

D) It is attached farthest from the skeleton.

A

A) It is anchored to the bone.

114
Q

_________ are two bones that form the sides and top of the skull’s cranium.

A

parietal bones

115
Q

Which type of tissue binds and supports other body tissue?

A

connective tissue

116
Q

The muscle at the tip of the chin that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.

A

mentalis

117
Q

Which part of the skeletal system has the function of protecting the brain?

A

cranium

118
Q

The middle part of the muscle is called the ______.

A

belly

119
Q

During an initial manicure consultation, a cosmetologist learns that a client is being treated by a healthcare provider for a condition that limits the ability of the nervous system to process sensory information. Which of the following is an example of a way the cosmetologist might change the planned services in response to this information?

A

The cosmetologist should be careful with hot water to avoid accidentally burning the client.

120
Q

The basic units of all living things are _____.

A

cells

121
Q

Which part of a cell controls the growth and reproduction of the cell?

A

nucleus

122
Q

The largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw.

A

mandible

123
Q

Ring muscle of the eye socket that closes the eyelids and assists in pumping tears.

A

Orbicularis oculi

124
Q

_________ bones, also called cheekbones or malar bones, form the prominence of the

A

Zygomatic

125
Q

The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____.

A

occipital

126
Q

Understanding how nerves work will most likely help cosmetologists _________.

A

perform services such as massages, shampoos, and facial and nail services in a more
safe and proficient way.

127
Q

What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

A

to give support and structure to the neck

128
Q

Which of the following statements about the muscular system is true?

A

It is affected by massages performed during cosmetology services.

129
Q

How does epithelial tissue function in the body?

A

Epithelial tissue provides a covering that protects the body.

130
Q

A(n) __________ charged ion is called an anion.

A

negatively

131
Q

What is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?

A

matter

132
Q

Alkalis tend to __________ the hair.

A

swell

133
Q

________ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

A

oxidation

134
Q

What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?

A

endothermic

135
Q

H is the symbol for which element?

A

hydrogen

136
Q

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

A

salt

137
Q

__________ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.

A

facial creams

138
Q

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?

A

chemical

139
Q

Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?

A

surfactant

140
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is __________, or oil loving.

A

lipphilic

141
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain __________ and evaporate very easily.

A

carbon

142
Q

Among the following choices, acids would MOST likely be used to __________.

A) swell the hair

B) soften calloused skin

C) exfoliate the skin

D) raise the pH of products

A

C) exfoliate the skin

143
Q

The pH scale is _________.

A

logarithmic

144
Q

A __________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two of more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

A

solution

145
Q

An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _________.

A

cold cream

146
Q

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains _________ categories of information.

A

16

147
Q

A reducing agent __________.

A

adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

148
Q

If you were the owner of the local spa, why would it be so important that you insist that for every chemical used there is an SDS available?

A

Because it is a requirement of OSHA

149
Q

__________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.

A

bases

150
Q

As the basic unit of matter, __________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

A

atoms

151
Q

An example of an elemental molecule is ___________.

A

atmospheric oxygen

152
Q

What does a pH below 7 indicate?

A

an acidic solution

153
Q

The location you use for mixing chemicals must be __________.

A

well ventilated

154
Q

When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is __________.

A

oxidized

155
Q

What is the average pH for hair and skin?

A

5

156
Q

Solutions that do not contain water, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ___________.

A

pH

157
Q

What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?

A

acid-alkali neutralization

158
Q

The are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?

A

98

159
Q

An unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, such as calamine lotion, is a:`

A

suspension

160
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feel __________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

A

greasier

161
Q

Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?

A

atoms

162
Q

The letters pH denote __________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

A

potential hydrogen

163
Q

An example of a physical change is __________.

A

ice melting to water

164
Q

Beauty and wellness professionals should study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry because _________.

A

every product used in the beauty and wellness industry contains some type of chemical

165
Q

Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) __________ reaction.

A

redox

166
Q

As part of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects, as well as ___________.

A

first aid instructions

167
Q

__________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

A

reduction

168
Q

On a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), which category would include risks of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?

A

toxicological information

169
Q

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline __________ solutions.

A

water-based

170
Q

When performing a hand, nail, and skin analysis before a nail service, you need to observe the following EXCEPT__________.

A

the cleanliness of the skin

171
Q

Nail services are governed under ________________.

A

cosmetology

172
Q

Which nail disorder is associated with damaged skin around the nail plate that becomes split or torn?

A

hangnails

173
Q

What nail disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?

A

nail psoriasis

174
Q

Which of the following does not cause a nail disorder?

A

hygiene

175
Q

Which nail disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix?

A

leukonychia

176
Q

Which of the following nail disorders show signs of depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner and is usually the result of serious illness or injury?

A

Beau’s lines

177
Q

Severe nail inflammations in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is known as ____________________.

A

pyogenic granuloma

178
Q

What nail disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, where it might curl in upon itself?

A

pincer nail

179
Q

Which nail disorder is associated with significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells?

A

melanonychia

180
Q

Which of the following is a nail disease associated with the separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions?

A

onycholysis

181
Q

Jessica notices that a few toes on her client’s feet seem to have a fungal infection. Jessica suggests that the client start a regimen of regular foot soaks as well as using tea tree oil, and that if she does this, she doesn’t need to see a podiatrist. Jessica’s manager overhears this conversation and is unhappy with Jessica’s response. Why?

A

cosmetologists should not provide any medical advice

182
Q

Which of the following nail disorders displays as dark purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed?

A

bruised nail bed

183
Q

Proper cleaning and disinfecting ____________________ the risk of spreading nail infections between clients.

A

reduces

184
Q

Which of the following is a nail disease associated with bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate, causing pus, swelling, and redness?

A

paronychia

185
Q

Which of the following nail diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet, or athlete’s foot?

A

tinea pedis

186
Q

Why is it important to understand nail disorders and diseases?

A

You must be able to identify conditions and determine if they can be treated in the salon

187
Q

Which of the following nail diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and in early stages is seen as a yellow-green spot?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

188
Q

What nail disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail?

A

splinter hemorrhage

189
Q

Which of the following nail disorders shows as a noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by improper diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfiling with an abrasive?

A

eggshell nail

190
Q

People whose occupations require regularly placing their hands in ___________________ more readily develop nail infections.

A

harsh cleaning solutions

191
Q

___________ is the irregular stretching of the eponychium or hyponychium around the nail plate.

A

nail pterygium

192
Q

_________________ is also known as athlete’s foot.

A

tinea pedis

193
Q

The scope of practice for cosmetologists and nail technicians can be found in state cosmetology laws or statues under ________________.

A

definitions

194
Q

Which nail disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus?

A

infected finger

195
Q

Which of the following is used to enhance the appearance of an individual?

A) drugs

B) medical devices

C) medical practives

D) beauty services

A

D) beauty services

196
Q

Which type of glove is recommended for cosmetologists?

A

nitrile

197
Q

Which of the following nail disorders shows symptoms of the nail turning a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation?

A

discolored nail

Cosmetoloy 131 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions