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Cosmetoloy 131 > Chapter F06 Glossary > Flashcards

Chapter F06 Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

acidic solution

A

a solution with a pH less than 7

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2
Q

acid-alkali neutralization reactions

A

when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water and a salt

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3
Q

alkaline solutions

A

a solution with a pH over 7

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4
Q

alkaline solutions

A

a solution with a pH over 7

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5
Q

alkalis

A

aka bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

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6
Q

alkanolamines

A

alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

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7
Q

alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)

A

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

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8
Q

ammonia

A

colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

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9
Q

anion

A

an ion with a negative electrical charge

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10
Q

atoms

A

smallest chemical component of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the elements

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11
Q

carcinogen

A

a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

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12
Q

cation

A

an ion with a positive electrical charge (CATions make me feel PAWsitive)

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13
Q

chemical change

A

a change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance

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14
Q

chemical properties

A

characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

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15
Q

chemistry

A

science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under difference conditions

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16
Q

combustible

A

material that is capable of igniting and burning

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17
Q

combustion

A

rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

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18
Q

compound molecules

A

aka compounds; chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

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19
Q

electrons

A

subatomic particles with a negative charge

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20
Q

element

A

the simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

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21
Q

elemental molecule

A

molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions

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22
Q

emulsifier

A

an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

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23
Q

emulsion

A

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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24
Q

emulsion

A

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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25
Q

endothermic reaction

A

chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur

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26
Q

exothermic reaction

A

chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat

27
Q

flammable

A

material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material

28
Q

glycerin

A

sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

29
Q

glycolic acid

A

an alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

30
Q

hydrophilic

A

easily absorbs moisture; capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)

31
Q

immiscible

A

liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

32
Q

incompatible

A

substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other

33
Q

ion

A

an atom or molecule that carrier an electrical charge

34
Q

ionization

A

the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

35
Q

lipophilic

A

having an affinity for an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

36
Q

matter

A

any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

37
Q

miscible

A

liquids that are mutually soluble, earning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

38
Q

molecule

A

a chemical combination of two or more atoms in fixed proportions

39
Q

mutagen

A

a substance that may cause cancer but not always

40
Q

neutrons

A

subatomic particles with no charge (neutral)

41
Q

oil-in-water emulsion

A

oil droplets dispersed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent. the droplets of oil are surrounded by surfactants with their lipophilic tails pointing in and hydrophilic heads pointing out which keeps oil dispersed in the water

42
Q

overexposure

A

the prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure that can cause sensitivity

43
Q

oxidation-reduction

A

a chemical reaction in which an oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized; aka redox

44
Q

oxidizing agent

A

this is the term for any substance that releases oxygen

45
Q

pH

A

abbreviation used for “potential hydrogen”; relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance and is measured on a scale of 1-14 with 7 being neutral; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

46
Q

pH scale

A

a measure of the acidity and alkalinity or a substance; range from 0-14

47
Q

physical change

A

this is a change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substance

48
Q

physical mixtures

A

a combination of two or more substances united physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any properties

49
Q

physical properties

A

characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance; include color, odor, weight, density, specific gravity, melting point, and hardness

50
Q

protons

A

subatomic particles with a positive charge

51
Q

pure substance

A

a chemical combination of matter in fixed proportions

52
Q

reducing agent

A

substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

53
Q

safety data sheet

A

required for all products sold; includes safety info about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use, and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines and precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure

54
Q

silicones

A

this is a special type of oil used in hair conditioner, water-resistant lubricants for the skin and nail polish dryers

55
Q

sodium hydroxide

A

very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

56
Q

solute

A

any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution

57
Q

solution

A

a uniform, stable mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

58
Q

solvent

A

a substance that dissolves the solute to form the solution

59
Q

surfactants

A

acronym for surface active agent; reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spread ability; wet the skin and allow oil and water to mix or emulsify

60
Q

suspensions

A

unstable physical mixture of dissolved particles in a liquid; will have a tendency to separate over time

61
Q

thioglycolic acid

A

colorless liquid or white crystal with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent weaving solutions; contracts and closes the article

62
Q

volatile alcohols

A

are alcohols that evaporate easily

63
Q

volatile organic compounds

A

term for compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily; common one used in hairspray is SD alcohol

64
Q

water-oil-emulsions

A

droplets of water are surrounded by surfactants with their hydrophilic heads pointing in and their lipophilic tails pointing out

Cosmetoloy 131 (13 decks)

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