Chapter 2 glossary Flashcards
anabolism
process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule; requires energy
anatomy
aka gross anatomy; study of human body structures, how body parts are organized, science of interconnected structures of organisms or of their parts
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
part of the nervous system that controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart and breathing
belly
middle part of the muscle
body system
aka systems; groups of body ORGANS acting together to perform one or more functions
brain
one of the body’s most complex organs that controls all the body’s functions
buccinator
muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses that cheeks and expels air between the lips
catabolism
process of breaking complex molecules down into simple molecules; releases energy
cell membrance
thin layer of tissue that surrounds the cell; it protects the interior of the cell from surroundings; semipermeable
cells
basic unit of all living things
central nervous system
controls voluntary muscle actions and consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nervs
cervical vertabrae
seven bones located below the skull; provide support, structure and flexibility to the neck
connective tissue
is fibrous tissue binds and supports other body tissues and organs
corrugator
small muscle located between eyebrows below the frontalis; draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead vertically
cranium
oval, bony case consisting of eight bones that protect the brain
cytoplasm
watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus; provides structure for cell parts to move within the cell membrane
depressor labii inferioris
muscle that surrounds the lower lip and draws it to one side, as when expressing sarcasm
epicranial aponeurosis
tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscle
epicranius
broad muscle that cover the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis
epithelial tissue
provides a covering that protects the body and is found within mony parts of the body such as skin, mucous membrane, digestive and respiratory organ the lining of the mouth, the lining of the heart and glands
ethmoid bone
separates nasal cavity for the brrain
facial skeleton
framework of the face; composed of 14 bone
frontal bone
bone that forms the forehead
frontalis
front portion of the epicranius; scalp muscle that raises the eyebrow, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead
hyoid bone
u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports it and its muscles; the only bone of the throat
integumentary system
body system consisting of skin and accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails, it serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature
joint
connection between 2 or more bones
lacrimal bones
2 small, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets
levator anguli oris
muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward
levator labii superioris
muscle that surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils as when expressing distaste