Final Exam Review

Question 1

teratogens

Answer 1

medications known to cause fetal abnormalities during the 1st trimester

Question 2

antipyretic

Answer 2

medication used to reduce fevers

Question 3

hypnotic

Answer 3

A medication the induces sleep examples of hypnotics would be benzodiazepine or nonbenzodiazepines

Question 4

sympathomimetic

Answer 4

drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Adrenergic drugs is another name.

Question 5

salicylate toxicity

Answer 5

overdose of aspirin; clinical manifestations: tinnitus, vertigo, respiratory alkalosis, n/v/d, headache, metabolic acidosis

Question 6

analgesic

Answer 6

drug that relieves pain

Question 7

pancytopenia

Answer 7

reduction is all cellular elements of the blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)

Question 8

tinnitus

Answer 8

ringing in the ears

Question 9

cyclooxygenase

Answer 9

this enzyme is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis, which controls the process of inflammation. note: NSAIDs are used to inhibit the prostaglandin synthesis by blocking the action of cyclooxygenase

Question 10

adverse reaction

Answer 10

undesirable effects of a drug

Question 11

antiplatelet

Answer 11

stop platelets from sticking together and forming a clot, Aspirin is the most common

Question 12

drug tolerance

Answer 12

decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desire effect

Question 13

half-life

Answer 13

time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug

Question 14

first-pass effect

Answer 14

action by which an oral drug is absorbed and carried directly to the liver, where is it inactivated by enzymes before it enters the general bloodstream

Question 15

parenteral

Answer 15

administration of medication by any route other than through the gastrointestinal system (oral or rectal). For example IV, IM SubQ, Transdermal, eye drops, inhalers

Question 16

photosensitivity

Answer 16

an adverse reaction to certain medications that causes a skin reaction (rash) to sun exposure or ultraviolet lights

Question 17

enteral

Answer 17

medication that is administered through the gastrointestinal track (oral or rectal)

Question 18

subtherapeutic

Answer 18

drug levels that are low and are not therapeutic

Question 19

supratherapeutic

Answer 19

drug levels that are higher than therapeutic levels causing an increase risk for adverse reactions or toxicity

Question 20

immunocompromised

Answer 20

patients who have a weakened immune system and have a reduced ability to fight infections or other diseases; can be caused by anticancer drugs or glucocorticoids

Question 21

adrenergic

Answer 21

pertaining to the sympathetic branch of the nervous system which controls the heart rate, breathing rate, and the ability to divert blood to the skeletal muscle

Question 22

sympatholytic

Answer 22

adrenergic blocker drugs (alpha-adrenergic blockers or beta-adrenergic blockers) They inhibit the transmission of norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system. also called antiadrenergic drugs, common use is to treat hypertension (i.e. beta blockers)

Question 23

thrombolytics

Answer 23

drugs that help eliminate blood clots

Question 24

nystagmus

Answer 24

involuntary rapid eye movement

Question 25

allergic reaction

Answer 25

hypersensitive reaction by the immune system, clinical manifestations include itching, hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing

Question 26

anaphylactic shock

Answer 26

sudden, severe hypersensitivity reaction where symptoms progress rapidly and if not treated immediately can cause death

Question 27

absorption

Answer 27

a drug is moved from the site of administration to body fluids; first process during pharmacokinetics

Question 28

distribution

Answer 28

drug moves from circulation to body tissues or a target site

Question 29

excretion

Answer 29

elimination of a drug from the body, primarily from the kidneys but can be also eliminated from the lungs, liver (bile), breast milk, sweat, salvia and tears

Question 30

metabolism

Answer 30

a drug is changed to a form that can be excreted; most drugs are metabolized by the liver

Question 31

physical dependency

Answer 31

habitual use of a drug, where negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation

Question 32

psychological dependency

Answer 32

craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

Question 33

psychological dependency

Answer 33

craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

Question 34

trade name

Answer 34

the brand name given to a drug by the manufacturer, this name is used only by that manufacturer, the name is typically capitalized. (i.e. Tylenol)

Question 35

generic name

Answer 35

the official name of a drug, can be used by any company, it is nonproprietary (meaning it is not owned by any specific agency)