Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Cardiac Medications > Flashcards

Cardiac Medications Flashcards

1
Q

suffix “olol”

A

Beta Blockers
(atenolol, carvedilol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol, sotalol)
NOTE: carvedilol and labetalol end in “lol” cause they are alpha/beta blocker drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

suffix “sartan”

A

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)

losartan, valsartan, candesartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

suffix “pril”

A

ACE Inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
(lisinopril, enalapril, and benazepril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

constipation is a side effect of this group of medications

A

calcium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a headache is the most common adverse effect of this medication

A

nitroglycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

these cardiac medications block the angiotensin converting enzyme from the formation of angiotensin II

A

ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

these drug classifications treat hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and MI

A

ACE inhibitors and ARB’s

Diabetic Retinopathy can be treated with enalapril or losartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

at risk patients will take this medication to help prevent adverse cardiovascular events such as MI and strokes

A

ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a cough, angioedema, first-dose hypotension, and hyperkalemia are side of effects of this drug class

A

ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

this ACE inhibitor can be administered 2 to 3 times daily due to the short half-live

A

Captopril

all other ACE inhibitors have a prolonged half live and are given only once or twice daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What ACE inhibitor can be given intravenously?

A

Enalaprilat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACE inhibitors are used in caution with this patient population

A

patients who have kidney disease

The patient should have a smaller dose and nurses need to watch the patient’s kidney functions (I&O and labs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

potassium retention can be seen in these classes of drugs

A

ACE inhibitors, Potassium Sparing Diuretics, and ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This drug classification blocks the effects of angiotensin II (vasoconstriction, sodium and water retention) by directly blocking the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin II type 1 receptors.

mechanism of action

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ARBs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Angioedema, hypotension, hyperkalemia, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, fatigue are adverse effects of this drug classification

A

Angiotensin II Recpector Blockers (ARBs)

Note: ARBs do not have the adverse effect of a cough like ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lip swelling, facial swelling, itchy hives, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting are symptoms of this adverse reaction

A

Angioedema

seen in patient who take ACE inhibitors, ARBs, & aliskiren (direct renin inhibitor) can be life threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what labs do you want to check for kidney functions?

A

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and Creatitine

GFR is an important lab for kidney functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prior to administration, the nurse should check an apical pulse for this medication

A

digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how long should a nurse check an apical pulse for prior to the administrtation of digoxin

A

60 seconds

teach patients to check their radial pulse for 1 full minute and to hold if the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute and notifiy their provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

this medication is used to treat heart failure and a-fib

A

digoxin

digoxin is a cardiac glycoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the normal serum levels for digoxin

A

0.5 to 2.0ng/mL

above 2.0 is supratherapeutic which means too much in their system which can increase the adverse effects including dig toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when taking digoxin, what other lab value do we monitor

A

potassium

hypokalemia can trigger digoxin toxicity; however, when a patient has digoxin toxicity, it can then cause
hyperkalemia, patients should also be on telemetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics taken with digoxin increase the risk for

A

hypokalemia

patients should not take these diuretics with digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dopamine and digoxin have a drug to drug interaction causing…

A

tachydysrhythmias

V-tach or V-fib, so patients should be monitored on telemetry when taking digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
bradycardia, constipation, peripheral edema, hypotension, drowsiness, and dizziness are adverse reactions of this drug class
calcium channel blockers ## Footnote Hint: constipation is only an adverse reaction for calcium channel blockers, not alpha or beta
25
confusion, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or vision problems, palpations, or an irregular heart beat are signs/symptoms of this adverse reaction ## Footnote note: anoxeria is a loss of appetite
digoxin toxicity
26
the antidote for digoxin toxicity
digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
27
weight loss, DASH diet, decrease sodium intake, exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction are
lifestyle modifications to help reduce hypertension
28
normal blood pressure range
130/80 or less
29
these calcium channel blockers are more effective on vasodialtion and less effect on heart functions
dihydropyridines ## Footnote these drugs end in the suffix "-dipine"
30
nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine are examples of this drug class
calcium channel blockers-dihydropyridines
31
reflex tachycardia
it is a decrease in the blood pressure causes the heart to beat faster in an attempt to raise it ## Footnote vasodilators can cause reflex tachycardia
32
this drug class treats reflex tachycardia
beta blockers
33
these drugs can cause reflex tachycardia
direct vasodilators
34
diltiazem and verapamil are drugs in this drug classificaiton
calcium channel blockers ## Footnote these two drugs are non-dihydropyridine, they treat hypertension, chest pain, and A-fib/A-flutter
35
fatigue, dizziness, heartburn and swelling in ankles and feet are side effects of this drug class
calcium channel blockers
36
the increase in bradykinins promotes a cough when taking this drug classificaiton
ACE inhibitors ## Footnote patients need to report this adverse effect to their providers, the persistent cough can cause bronchospasm, they can be switched to an ARBs
37
a patient with hypertension will be prescribed what drug classifications
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Diuretics, Beta Blockers, Alpha Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Vasodilators, Direct Renin Inhibitors, Central Acting Adrenergic Agents ## Footnote a patient will be on 2 to 3 blood pressure medications because they function in different parts of the body
38
This drug classificaiton acts directy on the peripheral arteries causing them to dialte which leads to lower blood pressure
Direct vasodilators
39
hydralazine, nitroprusside and minoxidil are part of this drug classification
direct vasodilators
40
tachycardia and hypernatermia are two common side effects of this drug classification
direct vasodilators
41
a diastolic bp that exceeds 120 mmHg is considered a
hypertensive crisis
42
excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning, thiocynate toxicity are severe advers reactions of this drug
nitroprusside
43
routes of administration for direct vasodilators
Intravenous (IV) is most common but hydralazine can be given oral or intramuscular
44
flu-like symptoms followed by a painful red/purplish rash that spreads and blister skin lesions
Stevens-Johnson syndrome ## Footnote rare serious adverse effect for calcium channel blockers, direct vasodilators, and acetaminophen
45
nursing interventions prior to or when administration of blood pressure medications
baseline weight, check for edema, listen to lung sounds, monitor I&Os, check BP/pulses, assess mental status, educate the patient
46
general patient education for blood pressure medications
do not stop taking, do not miss a dose, do not double a dose, no abrupt changes to position, monitor weight, check legs/ankle/feet for edema, check pulses/BP, and report any dizziness or lightheadedness
47
patient education for nitroglycerin transdermal patchs
remove patch at night, only to wear the patch for 10 to 12 hours daily, rotate sites, wash the skin with soap and water after removal, do not cut patches in half, wear the patch on the chest, back, or abdomen
48
patient education for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets or transligual spray
use medication with the first onset of chest pain, use prior to activities that cause chest pain, place tablet under tongue or spray into the mouth, store the medication in a cool, dark place ## Footnote keep the bottle out of direct sunlight and warm places like a pants pocket, the heat lows the effectiveness of the medication
49
routes of administration for nitroglycerin
sublingual, translingual spray, sustained-release oral capsules, transdermal, topical ointment, and intravenous
50
Patient education for taking sublingual nitroglyercin during an angina attack
stop activity, sit down or lie down, take the 1st tablet, wait 5 minutes, if no relieve call 911 and take a 2nd tablet, after another 5 minutes and no relieve, take a 3rd tablet and wait for the ambulance, do not take more than 3 tablets
51
Male patients should not take nitroglycerin when taking these medications
PDE5 Inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) ## Footnote the drug to drug interaction is severe life-threatening hypotension, if the male patient has taken these medications, do not give nitro and inform the doctor
52
antagonists
will stop or reverse an action
52
normal serum potassium level
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
52
eplerenone and spironolactone are found in this drug classification
aldosterone antagonists ## Footnote another name is potassium sparing diuretics
53
agonists
a drug that binds to the receptor and produces a similar response
54
dobutamine, norepinephrine, dopamine are
beta-1 agonists ## Footnote these drugs bind to the receptors in the heart causing an increase in the heart rate and increase the force of contractions
55
epinephrine and isoproterenol are
beta-1 and beta-2 adreneric receptor agonists ## Footnote these drugs treat bradycardia and heart block, these drugs are bronchodilators too
56
Patient teaching for aldosterone antagonists
avoid potassium supplements, avoid salt substitutes (Mrs. Dash),
57
dopamine is used to treat
heart failure, shock, and acute kidney injury
58
nursing interventions for patients who are receiving antidysrhythmic medications
place on telemetry, monitor vital signs, complete a head to toe physical assessment, monitor lab values (liver & kidney functions)
59
Cinchonism is an adverse effect of quinidine. What is cinchomism?
vertigo, n/v, headache, abdominal pain, vision loss or changes, hearing loss, and tinnitus ## Footnote so when a patient c/o these signs/symptoms, the medication needs to be stopped immediately
60
the life threatening adverse effects of amiodarone are
pulmonary toxicity and cardiotoxicity
61
amiodarone is use to treat these heart rhythms
v-fib, v-tach and longterm treatment for A-fib
62
this medication is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia
adenosine
63
the half life for adenosine is
1.5 to 10 seconds ## Footnote for this reason, the medication is pushed quickly, followed by a flush, and given in a vein nearest to the heart (right antecubital)
64
the first dose of adenosine is ______mg.
6mg ## Footnote follow by a 2nd dose of 12mg
65
patient education for diabetics taking a beta blocker
monitor blood sugars and s/sx for hypoglycemia ## Footnote beta blocker can cause hypoglycemis and mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, so patient are not experiencing the typical warning signs of hypoglycemia
66
patient education for orthostatic hypotension
change positions slowly, report any lightheadedness/dizziness with movement, to remain sitting or lying if dizziness or lightheadedness occurs. notified provider
67
gynecomastia is an adverse effect of this drug class ## Footnote also hyperkalemia/hyponatremia
aldosterone antagonists ## Footnote eplerenone and spironolactone
68
what drugs cause a first dose hypotension
ACE inhibitors, alpha blockers
69
when a patient abruptly discontinues blood medication this adverse effect happens
rebound hypertension
70
beta-1 blockers/beta-2 blockers start with letter O through Z are not safe for this type of patient
patients who have COPD or Asthma ## Footnote the beta-2 effects the smooth muscles/lungs

Pharmacology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions