Final Exam - Phenotypic Selection Flashcards
Selection in what animal in much more important than other species
Beef
Why is cattle selection more important than any other species
Longest gestation interval
Cost More
Cattle require longevity to make money back
True
Factors to consider for cattle evaluation
- Structural Correctness
- Size & Scale
- Muscle
- Body Condition
- Capacity
What is a structural correct cattle
Level designed
Smooth blending
Balanced cattle with correct
shoulder and hind leg sets
Spring and depth of rib
Capacity
Structural Red Flags
Restricted Mobility
Too much hind leg set
Big, coarse shoulders
Associated with higher performing cattle
Capacity
Increased frame equals to what in cattle
later maturing, faster growing cattle
Increased Frame finishes at what in cattle
heavier weight
Increased Frame causes what in cattle
Calving issue and reach puberty later
Greater mature weights equals to what in cattle
More feed for maintenance
What is the recommendation for size and scale of a cattle
Use moderate framed cattle but potentially breed to a larger bull
to increase growth of calves being sold at weaning
- Too little or too much muscle is undesirable
True
- Light muscled cattle aren’t as valuable
True
- Heavy muscled cattle that are too extreme may have calving
difficulties
True
Indicator or the amount of fat on an animal
Body Condition Score
What is the BCS range in cows
1 to 9
What are the issue with too high BCS score
Too fat
* Low cutability carcasses
* Problems with reproductive performance
* Decreased milk production
* Waste of resources/money
What is problem with low BCS in cattle
- Thin cows
*Required more time to begin cycling after calving - Lower conception rates
What is the gestation length of a swine
115 days
What are the 6 important items to consider in swine
- Skeletal Correctness
- Size & Scale
- Capacity
- Muscle
- Leanness
- Underlines
Important for longevity in swince
longevity
What flooring in swine that hurts them
concrete
What are the 6 ideal characteristics in swine
- Level top/spine
- Level hip with a higher tail set
- Relaxed shoulder blade
- Legs and feet go “straight down”
- Cushion in pasterns
- Even toe shape
Why is level hip with a higher tail set important
Too steep and straight hind leg can lock when breeding. Restricted movement
Skeletal Issues in swine
High spine
Rigid/straight pastern
Toeing In or Out
Bow legged
Even toes
Long bodied, large scaled hogs have greater ability to gain faster and more efficiently to heavy weights in swine and are later maturing
true
What are the 5 things in capacity for swine
- Volume and dimension
- Rib and center body
- Three dimensional: width, depth, length
- Adequate breeding and feeding capacity
- Attention to fat and waste, they deposit in the same area
Market hogs need to be muscular or light
muscular
highly heritable and easy to see on live animal
muscles
Fat Free Lean
Lean Hogs
Not efficient to produce or economical to trim off
Fat
Is leanness highly heritable swine
Yes
Is underlines highly heritable in swine
Yes
What is the acceptable underline?
Acceptable underline has at least 6 functional, evenly spaces nipples on each
side
What is the ideal sheep
One that can meet longevity and durability demands
Factors to looks for in sheep
- Skeletal Correctness
- Body Capacity
- Body Composition
- Mouths
Skeletal correctness in sheep
- Level
- Limbs in line
- Even toe placement
- Long, free easy stride
- Smooth shoulder
Capacity in sheep
Bold sprung rib and Wide constructed
Body Composition in sheep
Heavy muscled and minimal fat
What area in sheep should be trim/lean
Trim in breast, middle, flank, and twist
Issue with over and underbite in sheep
Issues with eating and getting enough nutrients
What is the benefit for sprung rib
Greater foundation for muscle growth
