Final Exam - Contemporary Issues in Food Animal Production Flashcards
What are the 6 Contemporary issues in food animal production
- Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- Genetic Engineering (CRISPR/Cas9)
- Red Meat Consumption
- Antibiotic & Hormone Use
- Land Use
- Confinement Housing
Green House Gases
—– Emission
——-
—–% of global greenhouse gas emission come from —-
Methane
Ruminants
11.1
Livestock
What is CH4
Methane
What is the atmospheric lifetime of methane
12 years
Methane is how many times stronger than CO2
86x stronger warming
Methane traps what
radiation
What percent of methane emissions in livestock come from what
burps of ruminal fermentation
Embryonic Editing
CRISPR - Cas 9
What does CRISPR - Cas 9 stand for
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR Associated Protein 9
Used to inactivate or modify genes
Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering
— disease resistance
— muscle
— heat tolerance
—– the gene for —-
—— eggs
Improved
Increase
Improved
Remove/ horns
Hypoallergenic
What are the two disease genetic engineering improves
PRRS
Tuberculosis
What disease is caused due to high red meat consumption
Heart Disease and Cancer (more towards processed)
Red Meat increases in what?
Saturate fat and cholestrol
High cholesterol causes what?
Clogged Arteries
What is the percent of land use for grassland pasture and range
29%
What is the percent of land use for crop land
17%
What are the 3 environmental impact for land use
Deforestation for pasture
Soil degradation – overgrazing
Water pollution
What are the 5 important factors in Animal Confinement and Housing
Animal Space
Temperature
Ventilation
Flood Conditions
Manure Management
What state is Prop 12 located
California
Feed additive or implant to increase growth and improve feed efficiency
Subtherapeutic Antibiotic Usage
How is Subtherapeutic Antibiotic Usage
Improved efficiency decreases land required and manure production
What should you avoid in Subtherapeutic Antibiotic Usage
Illegal levels of tissue residue and strict withdrawl time before animal enter the food chain
What are the 2 concern for Subtherapeutic Antibiotic Usage
antibiotic resistance in livestock and human consumption
What is the percent of feedlots using growth implants
70 – 80% of all feedlots
What does growth implant improve
Average Daily gain
Feed efficiency
How much Average Daily Gain is improved when using growth implants
5-15%
How much is feed efficiency improved
5-10%
How much estrogen residue is found in 1 lb of implanted beef and 1 lb of non-implanted and ice cream
11ng
8ng
3000 ng
The amount of estrogen in 1 lb. of implanted beef is negligible compared to the amount of estrogen produced by humans every day.
True
Repartitioning agents: shift nutrients from fat deposition to lean tissue deposition
Beta-agonists
What is Optaflexx
Beta-Agonists in cattle
What is Paylean
Beta-Agonist in Swine
Is Paylean banned or approved in the US consumption
Approved
Is Paylean banned or approved in International Markets
Banned
What is the Concern of Beta-Agonists
residue left in meat that humans consume.
