Final Exam-Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards
What are the two parts of M phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
division of the cell
mitosis
division of DNA and the nucleus
What does it mean that DNA replication is semiconservative?
each new chromosome will have one parent bonded to one daughter strand
What happens during G1?
Cell is born, cell will grow to full size and create organelles, performs functions it was programmed to do as a mature cell
How long do cells stay in G1?
Varying lengths of time, from days (skin cells) to a lifetime (neurons)
What happens in S phase?
replication of DNA in cell
What happens during G2?
The cell makes proteins needed for cell division
What does the kinetochore protein do?
It holds the two sister chromatids together
What is the purpose of mitosis and cytokinesis?
to create two new daughter cells that are the same as parent
What happens in interphase?
Chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids but are not condensed
What happens in prophase?
Centrosomes produce microtubules that form mitosis apparatus
What happens in prophase-metaphase?
Centrosomes move to poles of cells and microtubules attach to sister chromatids of each chromosome pair, nucleus breakdowns
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes line up along metaphase plate
What happens in anaphase?
microtubules shorten and pull sister chromatids apart
Telophase
two nuclei reform around chromosomes, microtubules break down
Cytokinesis
cell begins to divide in two, and chromosomes assume less condensed form
Sex chromosomes
chromosomes that carry genes which determine sex
Autosomes
all the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same genes, one is inherited from father, and one from mother
Diploid
cells or organisms that have paired homologous chromosomes, all animals are diploid when mature, almost all plants are diploid
Haploid
one copy of each chromosome in a cell
Meiosis
process of making haploid cells from diploid cells
What are gametes?
sperm and eggs, they are haploid
