Final Exam-Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

What are the two parts of M phase?

Answer 1

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 2

Cytokinesis

Answer 2

division of the cell

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

division of DNA and the nucleus

Question 4

What does it mean that DNA replication is semiconservative?

Answer 4

each new chromosome will have one parent bonded to one daughter strand

Question 5

What happens during G1?

Answer 5

Cell is born, cell will grow to full size and create organelles, performs functions it was programmed to do as a mature cell

Question 6

How long do cells stay in G1?

Answer 6

Varying lengths of time, from days (skin cells) to a lifetime (neurons)

Question 7

What happens in S phase?

Answer 7

replication of DNA in cell

Question 8

What happens during G2?

Answer 8

The cell makes proteins needed for cell division

Question 9

What does the kinetochore protein do?

Answer 9

It holds the two sister chromatids together

Question 10

What is the purpose of mitosis and cytokinesis?

Answer 10

to create two new daughter cells that are the same as parent

Question 11

What happens in interphase?

Answer 11

Chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids but are not condensed

Question 12

What happens in prophase?

Answer 12

Centrosomes produce microtubules that form mitosis apparatus

Question 13

What happens in prophase-metaphase?

Answer 13

Centrosomes move to poles of cells and microtubules attach to sister chromatids of each chromosome pair, nucleus breakdowns

Question 14

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 14

Chromosomes line up along metaphase plate

Question 15

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 15

microtubules shorten and pull sister chromatids apart

Question 16

Telophase

Answer 16

two nuclei reform around chromosomes, microtubules break down

Question 17

Cytokinesis

Answer 17

cell begins to divide in two, and chromosomes assume less condensed form

Question 18

Sex chromosomes

Answer 18

chromosomes that carry genes which determine sex

Question 19

Autosomes

Answer 19

all the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromosomes that have the same genes, one is inherited from father, and one from mother

Question 21

Diploid

Answer 21

cells or organisms that have paired homologous chromosomes, all animals are diploid when mature, almost all plants are diploid

Question 22

Haploid

Answer 22

one copy of each chromosome in a cell

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

process of making haploid cells from diploid cells

Question 24

What are gametes?

Answer 24

sperm and eggs, they are haploid

Question 25

What cells in animals do meiosis?

Answer 25

Spermatocytes and oocytes

Question 26

What cells in plants do meiosis?

Answer 26

Sporocytes make spores

Question 27

What is a zygote?

Answer 27

fertilized egg

Question 28

What is a tetrad?

Answer 28

formed when homologous chromosomes line up next to each other

Question 29

What is independent assortment?

Answer 29

tetrads line up in either orientation

Question 30

What is crossing over?

Answer 30

Exchange of genetic material between the chromatids on the inside of the tetrad