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Clinical Anatomy 1 > Final Exam Learning Objectives > Flashcards

Final Exam Learning Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

What neurovasculature structures are susceptible to injury at the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Posterior humeral circumflex a.
Axillary n.

(Quadrangular space: teres minor, teres major, long head triceps, shaft of humerus)

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2
Q

What neurovasculature structures are susceptible to injury at the radial groove?

A

Profunda brachii a.

Radial n.

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3
Q

What neurovasculature structures are susceptible to injury at the distal humeral shaft?

A

Median n.

Brachial a.

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4
Q

What neurovasculature structures are susceptible to injury at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Sup/inf ulnar collateral aa.
Ulnar n.
Basilic v.

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5
Q

What neurovasculature structures are susceptible to injury with a posterior hip dislocation?

A

Sciatic n.

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6
Q

What neurovasculature structures are susceptible to injury at the head of the fibula?

A

Common fibular n.

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7
Q

Describe the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box and its contents.

A

Boundaries:
Extensor pollicis longus
Abductor pollicis longus*
Extensor pollicis brevis*

Contents:

  • cephalic v.
  • radial a.
  • superficial br. radial n.
  • scaphoid bone
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8
Q

Describe the components of the cerebral arterial circle.

A 
Posterior cerebral a.
Posterior communicating a.
Internal carotid a.
Anterior cerebral a. 
Anterior communicating a.
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9
Q

Name the location of the coronary arteries and their branches relative to surface features of the heart.

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

  • anterior interventricular a.
  • great cardiac v.

Posterior interventricular sulcus

  • posterior interventricular a.
  • middle cardiac v.

Left atrioventricular sulcus
- circumflex br. of left coronary a.

Right margin to right atrioventricular sulcus

  • right marginal a.
  • small cardiac v.
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10
Q

Identify the clinically relevant sites on dermatome maps of the extremities. (segmental innervation)

A 
Deltoid tuberosity: C5
thumb: C6
index finger: C7
pinky finger: C8
Medial aspect of forearm: T1
Nipple: T4
Xiphoid process: T6
Umbilicus: T10
Great toe: L4
5th toe: S1
Heel: S2
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11
Q

Cutaneous nerve innervation, CN V1

A

opthalmic

Front 1/2 of head, upper eyelids, bridge of nose

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12
Q

Cutaneous nerve innervation, CN V2

A

maxillary

Anterior 1/3 temporal bone, cheeks, upper lip, sides of nose

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13
Q

Cutaneous nerve innervation, CN V3

A

mandibular

middle 1/3 temporal bone, anterior half ear, lower lip, chin

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14
Q

Cutaneous nerve innervation, great auricular n.

A

area below ear, posterior half of ear

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15
Q

Cutaneous nerve innervation, lesser occipital n.

A

posterior 1/3 temporal bone, area directly behind ear

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16
Q

Cutaneous nerve innervation, greater occipital n.

A

posterior portion of head and neck

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17
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous n.

A

lumbar plexus

lateral aspect thigh

18
Q

saphenous n.

A

femoral n.

medial leg

19
Q

perforating cutaneous n.

A

sacral plexus (posterior div)

medial buttock

20
Q

posterior cutaneous n. of thigh

A

sacral plexus (ant/post div)

buttock and uppermost medial and posterior thigh

21
Q

sural n.

A

tibial n.

lateral leg and foot

22
Q

lateral sural n.

A

common fibular n.

lateral aspect leg

23
Q

Describe the shape of the articular surfaces (convex or concave) of bones participating in joints of the upper extremity.

A

Clavicle is convex superior to inferior
Manubrium is concave superior to inferior

Clavicle is concave anterior to posterior
Manubrium is convex anterior to posterior

24
Q

Explain the meningeal coverings of the central nervous system.

A 
Dura mater
- Periosteal
- Meningeal
Arachnoid mater
- arachnoid filaments
Pia mater
- adhered to brain and spinal cord
- filum terminale
25
Q

Describe the anatomical basis of mild deformities of the lower extremity: knock knees

A

Genu valgus/coxa vara:
Shorter extremity
Distal femur angled more medially
More strain on neck of femur

26
Q

Describe the anatomical basis of mild deformities of the lower extremity: bow-legged

A

Genu varus/coxa valga:

  • longer extremity
  • distal femur angled more laterally
  • more strain on head of femur
27
Q

Describe the anatomical basis of mild deformities of the lower extremity: duck feet

A

Retroversion

- decreased angle of torsion

28
Q

Describe the anatomical basis of mild deformities of the lower extremity: pigeon toes

A

Anteversion

- increased angle of torsion

29
Q

Iris and ciliary bodies

A

Oculomotor - V1
Pre-para

Ciliary ganglion

Ciliary bodies (accommodation), sphincter pupillae of iris (constriction)

30
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Facial - VII
Pre-para

Lacrimal gland - “CRY”
“SNOT”

31
Q

Submandibular ganglion

A

Facial - VII
Pre-para

submandibular gland - “SPIT”
sublingual gland - “SPIT”

32
Q

Otic ganglion

A

Glossopharyngeal - IX
Pre-para

parotid gland - “SPIT”

33
Q

Vagal trunk

A

Vagus - X
Pre-para

visceral thorax and abdomen

34
Q

Describe the organization of the thoracolumbar fascia.

A

3 layers at lumbar level

  • Posterior: posterior to erector spinae and transversospinales
  • Middle: posterior to quadratus lumborum
  • Anterior: anterior to quadratus lumborum
35
Q

Name the most common directions of joint dislocation: shoulder joint dislocation.

A
  • 95% are anterior dislocations (inf dislocated, then head of humerus moves anteriorly)
  • vulnerable to dislocation when arm is in abducted position (downward force)
  • inferior joint capsule not reinforced by rotator cuff muscles or ligaments
36
Q

Name the most common directions of joint dislocation: hip joint dislocation.

A
  • Posterior dislocation outnumbers anterior 9:1
  • most common MOI: MVA
  • may injure acetabulum, labrum, and SCIATIC NERVE
37
Q

Name the most common directions of joint dislocation: radial head dislocation.

A

Nurse maid’s elbow

  • distraction force pulls radial head out from annular ligament
  • caused by hanging/lifting from forearm, wrist, or hand
  • muscles pull radial head superiorly
  • most common in 3-5 y/o (radial head is not fully ossified)
38
Q

Describe the process of intervertebral disc herniation.

A

Breakdown of anulus fibrosus
Extrusion of nucleus pulposus
Most commonly extrudes in posterolateral direction
Enters intervertebral foramen
PLL blocks excursion only in posterior direction
Compresses spinal nerve (typically a level below herniation)

39
Q

Describe the surface anatomy of the lungs.

A

RALS

  • right pulmonary artery anterior to primary bronchus
  • left pulmonary artery superior to primary bronchus

Right lung:

  • 3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior
  • 2 fissures: horizontal and oblique

Left lung:

  • 2 lobes: superior, inferior
  • 1 fissure: oblique
  • lingula
40
Q

Explain what structures are remnants of fetal blood supply.

A

Ligamentum arteriosum: b/t pulmonary trunk and arch of aorta

Fossa ovalis: b/t left and right atria

Clinical Anatomy 1 (44 decks)

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