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gross 1 palmer > final exam knee joint > Flashcards

final exam knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

which joint is the largest and most superficial in the body?

A

the knee joint

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2
Q

how is the knee joint formed?

A

the articulation of the femur, tibia and patella

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3
Q

during development what are the 3 separate joints that become continuous with each other and form a single large knee joint cavity?

A

1 between the patella and femur 2 btw the lateral condyles of the femur and tibia 3 btw the medial condyles and tibia

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4
Q

the articulating surfaces of the tibial condyles are often referred to as?

A

lateral and medial tibial plateaus

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5
Q

the joint between the femur and tibia is classified as?

A

ginglymus (hinge) with some degrees of rotation

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6
Q

the joints between the patella and femur are classified as?

A

plane gliding

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7
Q

what nerves supply the knee joint?

A

femoral, obturator, common fibular and tibial

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8
Q

what are the 4 openings in the anterior capsular ligament which allow synovial membrane to pass through and form bursae?

A

1 subcutaneous prepatellar

2 subcutaneous infrapatellar

3 deep infrapatellar

4 suprapatellar

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9
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic ligaments of the knee?

A

1 ligamentum patella

2,3 collateral ligament- lateral and medial

4 oblique and arcuate popliteal

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10
Q

which extrinsic ligament is anterior and is the distal common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps?

A

ligamentum patella

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11
Q

which ligament plays an important role in alignment of patella relative to the articular surface of the femur?

A

ligamentum patella

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12
Q

which ligaments are taut when knee joint is fully extended and thus contribute to stability while standing?

A

collateral ligaments

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13
Q

where does the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament attach?

A

it is superficial and separate from the articular capsule of the joint and attaches from the lateral epicondyle of the femur proximally to the head of the fibula distally

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14
Q

what is the function of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

it functions as a wall and prevents lateral movement (abduction) at the joint

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15
Q

where does the medial collateral ligament attach?

A

it blends with the articular capsule and is directly attached to the medial meniscus;

medial epicondyle of the femur proximally to medial side of tibia distally, just below the condyle

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16
Q

what is the function of the medial collateral ligament?

A

acts as a wall and prevents medial movement (adduction) at the joint

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17
Q

where are the oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments found?

A

posterior aspect of the joint

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18
Q

what is the function of the oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments?

A

act as wall to prevent hyperextension of the joint and stabilize posterior aspect

19
Q

what are the 6 intrinsic ligaments of the knee?

A

1 cruciate ligaments- anterior and posterior

2 menisci- medial and lateral

3 coronary ligaments

4 transverse ligament

20
Q

what are the main bonds between the femur and tibia and cross eachother like an X in the center of the joint?

A

the cruciate ligaments

21
Q

where does the anterior cruciate ligament run?

A

it is the weaker of the 2 and runs from the lateral condyle of the femur to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia distally

22
Q

what is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

prevents anterior displacement of the tibia and functions like a rope

23
Q

where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

A

it is the stronger of the 2 and runs from the medial condyle of the femur proximally to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia proximally

24
Q

the mensci of semilunar cartilages have a well developed blood supply until when?

A

from time of birth to 18 months of age; once infant begins to walk it loses about 75% of vascular supply

25
Q

what are the main functions of the menisci? 3

A

1 deepen articulating surface

2 act as shock absorber

3 act as a mechanoreceptor to increase positional sense of knee joint

26
Q

which ligament is C shaped and adheres to the tibial collateral ligament?

A

medial meniscus

27
Q

which ligament is nearly circular in shape and smaller than the medial meniscus?

A

lateral meniscus- more freely movable on tibia

28
Q

which ligaments are associated with the menisci and attach to the edge of the menisci to help hold them in place?

A

coronary ligaments

29
Q

which ligament joins the anterior edges of the medial and lateral menisci and allows them to work together?

A

transverse ligament of the knee

30
Q

what are the possible movements of the knee joint?

A

mainly flexion and extension but some rotation occurs when joint is flexed

31
Q

how can you “unlock” the knee?

A

the popliteus muscle must contract to rotate the tibia medially and thus cause flexion at the knee joint

32
Q

what causes prepatellar bursitis? (housemaids)

A

1 friction between skin and patella

2 direct blow

3 falling on flexed knee

33
Q

what causes subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?

A

excessive friction between skin and tibial tubercle- also known as clergyman’s knee

34
Q

what causes suprapatellar bursitis?

A

bacteria from an abrasion or penetrating wound

35
Q

unhappy triad is a term used for a blow to the lateral aspect of the joint while its weight bearing, what does it damage?

A

medial collateral, anterior cruciate, medial meniscus

36
Q

what are 2 causes of damage to the medial collateral ligament?

A

most commonly injured ligament- a lateral blow and rotational forces during trauma

37
Q

which ligament is damaged when a patient complains of knee “clicking”, locking up or has pain going up stairs?

A

medial meniscus

38
Q

if menisci are removed, forces are transmitted to the condyles of the tibia and can lead to?

A

damage of articular cartilage and eventually osteoarthritis

39
Q

which ligament is damaged when a patient complains of a “pop” or says their knee “gives out”? damaged in sports that require twisting or jumping

A

anterior cruciate (ACL)

40
Q

what is it called when damage to the ACL causes the tibia to be pulled forward excessively under the femur?

A

positive anterior drawer test

41
Q

injury to the PCL (posterior cruciate) leads to tibia being pulled excessively backward under femur and is referred to as?

A

positive posterior drawer test

42
Q

what portions of knee are replaced in a knee replacement surgery?

A

total or partial- both femoral and tibial portions

43
Q

what materials are used with a knee replacement and why?

A

metal and plastic which provides a smoothness similar to cartilage

44
Q

what is the lifespan of a prosthetic knee on average?

A

15 to 20 years

gross 1 palmer (7 decks)

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