final exam hip joint

Question 1

what are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?

Answer 1

head of the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis

Question 2

what are the joints of the hip? 6

Answer 2

capsular

iliofemoral

pubofemoral

ischiofemoral

tranverse acetabular

capitis femoris ligament

Question 3

the articulating surface of the acetabulum is what shape? and where is it deficient inferiorly?

Answer 3

it is horse shoe shaped and is deficient at the acetabular notch

Question 4

what deepens the cavity of the acetabulum by about 10%?

Answer 4

acetabular labrum

Question 5

the part of the acetabular labrum that bridges the notch is known as?

Answer 5

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 6

which joint is the strong fairly loose ligament that promotes free movement at the hip joint; it can not maintain integrity without other ligaments

Answer 6

capsular ligament

Question 7

which ligament is the strongest ligament in the body and reinforces the capsular ligament anteriorly and inferiorly?

Answer 7

iliofemoral ligament

Question 8

where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 8

attaches to the ASIS superiorly and the intertrochanteric line inferiorly

Question 9

what is the main function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 9

allows for standing upright with the hip being supported by this ligament; it literally screws the head of the femur into the acetabulum

Question 10

which muscles are involved with the iliofemoral ligament when bending backward to avoid falling backward?

Answer 10

anterior hip and abdominal muscles

Question 11

which muscles are involved with the iliofemoral ligament when bending forward to prevent falling forward?

Answer 11

gluteal, hamstring and spinal muscles

Question 12

what is the nerve supply of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 12

it is extrinsic and acts like a rope; its nerve supply is femoral, obturator and sciatic

Question 13

the pubofemoral ligament along with the iliofemoral reinforce the capsule how?

Answer 13

anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 14

where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 14

superior ramus of the pubis superiorly and intertrochanteric line inferiorly

Question 15

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 15

prevents abduction at the joint; extrinisic and acts like a rope

Question 16

where does the ischiofemoral ligament reinforce the capsule?

Answer 16

posteriorly

Question 17

where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 17

it runs from the body of the ischium superiorly to the neck of the greater trochanter of the femur inferiorly

Question 18

what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 18

prevents hyperextension and abduction at the hip joint; extrinsic and acts like a rope

Question 19

where is the tranverse acetabular ligament located?

Answer 19

an intrinsic ligament which is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch

Question 20

what is the job of the transverse acetabular ligament?

Answer 20

it converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves enter the joint

Question 21

what is the function of the capitis femoris ligament? ( ligament of the head of the femur)

Answer 21

a weak intrinsic ligament which conducts a blood vessel to the head of the femur; it has very little importance in strengthening the joint

Question 22

when the leg is extended at the knee joint, what limits flexion at the hip?

Answer 22

tendons of the hamstring muscles

Question 23

when the leg is flexed at the knee joint, what limits flexion at the hip joint

Answer 23

the anterior surface of the thigh coming into contact with the anterior abdominal wall

Question 24

what is the term used to describe the ability of the hip to be normal at birth (first few months as well) and can later develop into abnormality; ongoing process

Answer 24

developmental dysplasia (congenital dislocation)

Question 25

what is the likelihood of having developmental dysplasia? who is it more common in?

Answer 25

it is found in 1.5 out of 1000 births and bilateral in about 50% of cases; 8 times more likely in females

Question 26

majority of children with developmental dysplasia have ligamentous laxity, what does it cause?

Answer 26

it causes the hip to become unstable and slip out of position

Question 27

what are the consequences of not correcting developmental dysplasia? there are 6

Answer 27

1 pain

2 abnormal gait

3 unequal leg length

4 osteoarthritis

5 twisting of femur (femoral anteversion)

6 contracture of hip muscle

Question 28

what happens with the most common posterior dislocation of the hip?

Answer 28

the femoral head passes through a tear in the capsular ligament and over the acetabulum ending up on the ilium; compromises the sciatic nerve

Question 29

what happens with an anterior dislocation of the hip? what nerve is affected?

Answer 29

the head of the femur ends up in the obturator foramen; compromise the obturator nerve