final exam hip joint Flashcards
what are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?
head of the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis
what are the joints of the hip? 6
capsular
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
tranverse acetabular
capitis femoris ligament
the articulating surface of the acetabulum is what shape? and where is it deficient inferiorly?
it is horse shoe shaped and is deficient at the acetabular notch
what deepens the cavity of the acetabulum by about 10%?
acetabular labrum
the part of the acetabular labrum that bridges the notch is known as?
transverse acetabular ligament
which joint is the strong fairly loose ligament that promotes free movement at the hip joint; it can not maintain integrity without other ligaments
capsular ligament
which ligament is the strongest ligament in the body and reinforces the capsular ligament anteriorly and inferiorly?
iliofemoral ligament
where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?
attaches to the ASIS superiorly and the intertrochanteric line inferiorly
what is the main function of the iliofemoral ligament?
allows for standing upright with the hip being supported by this ligament; it literally screws the head of the femur into the acetabulum
which muscles are involved with the iliofemoral ligament when bending backward to avoid falling backward?
anterior hip and abdominal muscles
which muscles are involved with the iliofemoral ligament when bending forward to prevent falling forward?
gluteal, hamstring and spinal muscles
what is the nerve supply of the iliofemoral ligament?
it is extrinsic and acts like a rope; its nerve supply is femoral, obturator and sciatic
the pubofemoral ligament along with the iliofemoral reinforce the capsule how?
anteriorly and inferiorly
where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?
superior ramus of the pubis superiorly and intertrochanteric line inferiorly
what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
prevents abduction at the joint; extrinisic and acts like a rope
where does the ischiofemoral ligament reinforce the capsule?
posteriorly
where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach?
it runs from the body of the ischium superiorly to the neck of the greater trochanter of the femur inferiorly
what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
prevents hyperextension and abduction at the hip joint; extrinsic and acts like a rope
where is the tranverse acetabular ligament located?
an intrinsic ligament which is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch
what is the job of the transverse acetabular ligament?
it converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves enter the joint
what is the function of the capitis femoris ligament? ( ligament of the head of the femur)
a weak intrinsic ligament which conducts a blood vessel to the head of the femur; it has very little importance in strengthening the joint
when the leg is extended at the knee joint, what limits flexion at the hip?
tendons of the hamstring muscles
when the leg is flexed at the knee joint, what limits flexion at the hip joint
the anterior surface of the thigh coming into contact with the anterior abdominal wall
what is the term used to describe the ability of the hip to be normal at birth (first few months as well) and can later develop into abnormality; ongoing process
developmental dysplasia (congenital dislocation)
what is the likelihood of having developmental dysplasia? who is it more common in?
it is found in 1.5 out of 1000 births and bilateral in about 50% of cases; 8 times more likely in females
majority of children with developmental dysplasia have ligamentous laxity, what does it cause?
it causes the hip to become unstable and slip out of position
what are the consequences of not correcting developmental dysplasia? there are 6
1 pain
2 abnormal gait
3 unequal leg length
4 osteoarthritis
5 twisting of femur (femoral anteversion)
6 contracture of hip muscle
what happens with the most common posterior dislocation of the hip?
the femoral head passes through a tear in the capsular ligament and over the acetabulum ending up on the ilium; compromises the sciatic nerve
what happens with an anterior dislocation of the hip? what nerve is affected?
the head of the femur ends up in the obturator foramen; compromise the obturator nerve
