FINAL EXAM (chapter 15) Flashcards
what is holism?
- biological, chemical, social, psychological, genetic
- human beings understood as an ‘integrated, organised WHOLE’ instead of a series of differentiated parts.
what is humanistic psychology?
- about discovering human potential and encouraging its development.
- about ‘striving’ toward growth and away from simply pleasing others.
what is the ONE question to ask ourselves in positive psychology?
“what could be?” or
“what can we become?”
what is self-actualisation?
- “realizing” your capacity and potential through YOUR choices (not the “choices made for you”)
- moving-toward growth and moving away from being controlled by others.
- embracing your thoughts and feelings
what are the 5 needs in hierarchy of human needs?
- physiological needs
- safety/security
- love and belonging
- esteem
- self-actualisation
what are the 3 themes of the hierarchy of human needs?
- needs arrange themselves according to potency/strength. survival needs at the bottom are strongest, self-actualisation are weakest.
- the lower the need in the hierarchy, the sooner it appears in development
- fulfilled sequentially- lowest to highest (lower needs prerequisite to higher needs)
deficiency needs vs growth needs (maslow)
deficiency needs - 4 lower level needs; required for physical and psychological growth
growth need - 1 need, self-actualisation. provides energy to “become what we are capable of becoming”
organismic valuing process (OVP) (judges 2 things)
A) judges whether an experience promotes or interferes with growth
B) judges what’s important for a more fulfilling life.
what are conditions of worth?
-from birth behaviour is either judged as “good” (accepted_ or “bad” (rejected).
what is unconditional positive regard?
-accepting a child for what they are, not what the parent wants them to be.
what is conditional regard?
what are 2 outcomes?
- offering parental love for child obedience, withdrawing love for disobedience.
- children become obsessed with outcomes
- a) apathetic, b) striving for perfectionism
autonomy-supportive parenting strategy?
- socialisation strategy
- children value their OWN strivings based on THEIR interests.
- discourages self-criticism
what is congruence?
-difference between “the self as perceived” and “the actual experience of the organism (self).
what is incongruence?
-when what we “are” is different than what we “express” to the outside-world.
inner vs social guides
- inner guides: THEIR needs and interests regulate behaviour.
- social guides: social cues and expectations regulate their behaviour.
