FINAL EXAM (chapter 13)

Question 1

what is james-lange theory? (2 assumptions)

Answer 1

A) the body reacts uniquely and distinctly to different emotion during events
B) the body doesn’t react to nonemotion-eliciting events

Question 2

facial feedback hypothesis (7 steps)

Answer 2

(making the muscles in your face smile can create a subjective feeling of happiness). stimulus -> subcortical brain activation -> basal ganglia activates -> produce facial expressions -> brain interprets sensory feedback to make sense of the expression -> conscious awareness and feeling of the emotion -> bodily process the emotional experience.

Question 3

what are the 2 versions of facial feedback hypothesis (weak-version/strong-version)?

Answer 3

weak-version: facial movements “modifies the intensity” of emotional experience.
strong-version: facial movements “cause” emotional experiences.
BASICALLY: emotions activate facial expressions, feedback exaggerate or suppress emotions we feel.

Question 4

is the interpretation of facial expressions learnt or innate?

Answer 4

its innate. (unlearned)

Question 5

appraisal

Answer 5

this causes emotion (not the actual stimulus event itself).

Question 6

Magda Arnold (3-step process of emotion functions - appraisal)

Answer 6

1) is the appraisal (of the environment) beneficial or harmful?
2) is the emotion generated an approach or avoidance of the situation?
3) do we behaviourally-express an approach or avoidance of the situation?
BASICALLY: appraisal -> emotion -> action

Question 7

what is the definition of primary and secondary appraisals? (Richard Lazarus)

Answer 7

primary appraisal: our estimation of whether our health, self-esteem, goals, financial state, are “at stake” from the environment.
secondary appraisal: takes place after some reflection. can we manage the benefit, harm or threat?

Question 8

What are appraisals governed by?

Answer 8

A) benefits
B) harm
C) threats
(relative to our goals and well-being)

Question 9

what does Lazarus’ Model explain?

Answer 9

ties environmental threats/harm/benefits to our emotions.

Question 10

different appraisals _____ different emotions.

Answer 10

different appraisals CAUSE different emotions.

Question 11

1) what is appraisal theory, 2) what 2 key parts can this theory explain? (Lazarus)

Answer 11

appraisal theory can explain how DIFFERENT emotions emerge from the SAME event.
this theory can explain:
WHY different people can appraise the same event differently (feel different emotions).
HOW the same person can appraise the same event differently at 2 different times.

Question 12

emotional reactions are (3 parts):

Answer 12

A) outcome dependent: positive vs negative outcomes.
B) primary appraisal: “good vs bad outcomes”.
C) secondary (or acquired) emotions: pride, guilt, shame, anger, pity, hope, gratitude.

Question 13

emotion and attributional analysis of emotion

Answer 13

attributional analysis of emotion, attributing a negative outcome to an external and uncontrollable cause. ex- I lost my job because of the poor economy.

Question 14

what’s the important contribution from weiner’s attributional analysis?

Answer 14

people can experience different emotions to the same event outcome. the explanations we use for an “outcome” generate our emotional reaction to a situation.

Question 15

what is emotional contagion?

Answer 15

• catching feelings.
• mimic another’s emotional expression, and synchronise our own emotion; expression wise you mimic the other persons posture, movements, etc.

Question 16

what is emotional management?

Answer 16

learning to manage your private emotions and feelings in a socially desirable manner.