Final Exam

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

• Process of forming and producing the speech sounds fo a language
• Process of speech production produced by movements of the structures of the vocal tract

Question 2

Resonance

Answer 2

• Selective ampflication of certain sound frequencies due to the natural resonant characteristics of cavity;
• The enhancement of certain tines within the vocal tone as it passes through the vocal tract
• Those tones that are tuned to the shape and configuration of the vocal tract

Question 3

Foramen

Answer 3

An opening

Question 4

Process

Answer 4

Projections

Question 5

Suture

Answer 5

a seam or joint between two bones

Question 6

Paranasal

Answer 6

Cavities in within the frontal bones that open into the nasal cavities

Question 7

Symphysis

Answer 7

Two halves of one bone joining together

Question 8

Glabella

Answer 8

The portion of the frontal bone between the eyebrows and immediately superior to the nasal bones

Question 9

Sinus

Question 10

Sella turcica

Answer 10

A saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull that contains the hypophyseal fossa which in turn holds the pituitary

Question 11

Crista galli

Answer 11

“Cock’s comb”; the vertically oriented ptocess of the ethmoid bone on which a protion of the dura mater of the brain anchors

Question 12

VP Mechanism

Answer 12

• Mechanism created by the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall that mediates oral-nasal resonance
• When the soft palate meets the posterior pharyngeal wall, nasal resonance is diminished
• When the soft palate is lowered, some of the vocal tone passes into the nasal cavity to resonate there

Question 13

Mastication

Answer 13

chewing

Question 14

Deglutition

Answer 14

swallowing

Question 15

Frenulum

Question 16

Genio-

Answer 16

Chin

Question 17

Stylo-

Answer 17

Pertaining to the styloid process

Question 18

Palate-

Answer 18

Pertaining to the palate

Question 19

Hyo-

Answer 19

Pertaining to the hyoid

Question 20

TMJ

Answer 20

• The joint formed by the articulation of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
• Although there are actually two joints, they act as a single unit

Question 21

Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 21

A circle of lymphoid tissue formed by the adenoids superiorly, lingual tonsil inferiorly, and palatine tonsils laterally

Question 22

Passavant’s Pad

Answer 22

A bulging of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx created by contraction of the muscles that comprise the superior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 23

Phonological disorder

Answer 23

A speech disorder characterized by speech sound errors that are cognitively or linguistically based, as opposed to simple errors in motor disorders

Question 24

Articulation disorder

Answer 24

An impairment in the ability to produce the speech sounds that make up a language

Question 25

Organic disorder

Answer 25

An impairment that can be traced back to an observable structural or physiological etiology

Question 26

Functional disorder

Answer 26

An impairment that exists in the absence of a known or observable

Question 27

Structural disorder

Answer 27

An impairment whose etiology involves anatomical deviation

Question 28

Neurological disorder

Answer 28

Any disorder whose etiology can be traced to the central or peripheral nervous system

Question 29

Motor Speech disorder

Answer 29

Planning, inititiation, timing, coordination, or strength of voluntary muscle movements for speech is adversely affected; includes apraxia of speech and dysarthria

Question 30

Sensory disorder

Answer 30

An impairment of any of any of the senses such as feeling, hearing, seeing, smelling, or tasting

Question 31

Progressive neurological disorder

Answer 31

A pathological condition arising from the central and/or peripheral nervous system that gets progressively worse over time and is often fatal

Question 32

Non-progressive neurological disorder

Answer 32

A pathological condition arising from the central and/or peripheral nervous system that neither gets worse or better

Question 33

Acrocephalosyndactyly

Answer 33

Apert syndrome; a cranial anomaly affecting primarily the head, face, hands, and feet

Question 34

Glossectomy

Answer 34

Surgical removal of the tongue, either in part or totally

Question 35

AAC

Answer 35

A specialty of SLP and other disciplines (such as medicine, occupational therapy) that has an emphasis in providing systems of communication for persons who have no speech ability or whose speech ability or whose speech is not sufficient to meet their daily communication needs

Question 36

Neuropathy

Answer 36

A disease or abnormality of the nervous system

Question 37

Neuralgia

Answer 37

Pain associated with a nerve

Question 38

Neoplasm

Answer 38

tumors, benign or malignant

Question 39

Sarcoidosis

Answer 39

an autoimmune disease in which granulomatous substances are deposited into the tissues of organs, including the nervous system

Question 40

Fasciculations

Answer 40

Involuntary contractions or twitching of muscle fibers

Question 41

Atrophy

Answer 41

The withering away of a body part due to lack of of use

Question 42

Apraxia

Question 43

Dysarthria

Answer 43

Motor speech disorder due to muscle paresis, paralysis, incoordination, or altered tone affecting speech processes of respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody

Question 44

Bradykinesia

Answer 44

Slow movement; difficulty initiating and regulating movement once begun; associated with Parkinson’s disease

Question 45

Idiopathic

Answer 45

having an unknown cause

Question 46

Palilalia

Answer 46

A pathological condition in which words are rapidly and involuntarily repeated

Question 47

Conductive Hearing Loss

Answer 47

A correctible hearing loss originating in the outer or middle ear, caused by a breakdown in the eardrum’s and/or occicular chain’s ability to transform acoustic energy into mechanical energy, or to transmit mechanical energy to the inner ear

Question 48

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 48

In reference to diminished hearing acuity, an irreversible hearing loss due to pathology of the inner ear; damage to the inner ear cannot be alleviated