Final Exam Flashcards
Articulation
- Process of forming and producing the speech sounds fo a language
- Process of speech production produced by movements of the structures of the vocal tract
Resonance
- Selective ampflication of certain sound frequencies due to the natural resonant characteristics of cavity;
- The enhancement of certain tines within the vocal tone as it passes through the vocal tract
- Those tones that are tuned to the shape and configuration of the vocal tract
Foramen
An opening
Process
Projections
Suture
a seam or joint between two bones
Paranasal
Cavities in within the frontal bones that open into the nasal cavities
Symphysis
Two halves of one bone joining together
Glabella
The portion of the frontal bone between the eyebrows and immediately superior to the nasal bones
Sinus
Sella turcica
A saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull that contains the hypophyseal fossa which in turn holds the pituitary
Crista galli
“Cock’s comb”; the vertically oriented ptocess of the ethmoid bone on which a protion of the dura mater of the brain anchors
VP Mechanism
- Mechanism created by the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall that mediates oral-nasal resonance
- When the soft palate meets the posterior pharyngeal wall, nasal resonance is diminished
- When the soft palate is lowered, some of the vocal tone passes into the nasal cavity to resonate there
Mastication
chewing
Deglutition
swallowing
Frenulum
Genio-
Chin
Stylo-
Pertaining to the styloid process
Palate-
Pertaining to the palate
Hyo-
Pertaining to the hyoid
TMJ
- The joint formed by the articulation of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
- Although there are actually two joints, they act as a single unit
Waldeyer’s ring
A circle of lymphoid tissue formed by the adenoids superiorly, lingual tonsil inferiorly, and palatine tonsils laterally
Passavant’s Pad
A bulging of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx created by contraction of the muscles that comprise the superior pharyngeal constrictors
Phonological disorder
A speech disorder characterized by speech sound errors that are cognitively or linguistically based, as opposed to simple errors in motor disorders
Articulation disorder
An impairment in the ability to produce the speech sounds that make up a language
Organic disorder
An impairment that can be traced back to an observable structural or physiological etiology
Functional disorder
An impairment that exists in the absence of a known or observable
Structural disorder
An impairment whose etiology involves anatomical deviation
Neurological disorder
Any disorder whose etiology can be traced to the central or peripheral nervous system
Motor Speech disorder
Planning, inititiation, timing, coordination, or strength of voluntary muscle movements for speech is adversely affected; includes apraxia of speech and dysarthria
Sensory disorder
An impairment of any of any of the senses such as feeling, hearing, seeing, smelling, or tasting
Progressive neurological disorder
A pathological condition arising from the central and/or peripheral nervous system that gets progressively worse over time and is often fatal
Non-progressive neurological disorder
A pathological condition arising from the central and/or peripheral nervous system that neither gets worse or better
Acrocephalosyndactyly
Apert syndrome; a cranial anomaly affecting primarily the head, face, hands, and feet
Glossectomy
Surgical removal of the tongue, either in part or totally
AAC
A specialty of SLP and other disciplines (such as medicine, occupational therapy) that has an emphasis in providing systems of communication for persons who have no speech ability or whose speech ability or whose speech is not sufficient to meet their daily communication needs
Neuropathy
A disease or abnormality of the nervous system
Neuralgia
Pain associated with a nerve
Neoplasm
tumors, benign or malignant
Sarcoidosis
an autoimmune disease in which granulomatous substances are deposited into the tissues of organs, including the nervous system
Fasciculations
Involuntary contractions or twitching of muscle fibers
Atrophy
The withering away of a body part due to lack of of use
Apraxia
Dysarthria
Motor speech disorder due to muscle paresis, paralysis, incoordination, or altered tone affecting speech processes of respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody
Bradykinesia
Slow movement; difficulty initiating and regulating movement once begun; associated with Parkinson’s disease
Idiopathic
having an unknown cause
Palilalia
A pathological condition in which words are rapidly and involuntarily repeated
Conductive Hearing Loss
A correctible hearing loss originating in the outer or middle ear, caused by a breakdown in the eardrum’s and/or occicular chain’s ability to transform acoustic energy into mechanical energy, or to transmit mechanical energy to the inner ear
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
In reference to diminished hearing acuity, an irreversible hearing loss due to pathology of the inner ear; damage to the inner ear cannot be alleviated
