Final Exam Flashcards
Where and how much CO2 is formed
1/3 from pyruvate and 2/3 from citric acid cycle
Why are those with diabetic ketoacidosis have very labored exaggerated breaths
they’re trying to get rid of as much CO2 as possible
Acidosis
pH is in normal range
Functions of the lung
provides O2 and releases CO2, communication, defends against microbes, influences arterial concentrations of chemical messengers, traps and dissolves clots
How do the lungs defend against microbes
ciliated lining and mucus found within the respiratory tract
How do the lungs influence arterial concentrations of chemical messengers
receiving some messengers from pulmonary capillary blood and producing and adding others to the blood, lung endothelial cells have angiotensin converting enzyme
How do the lungs trap and dissolve clots
increase the production of plasma through plasminogen activator found within lung capillary epithelial cells, plasma will lyse fibrin and dissolve clots
Tidal volume
amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath during relaxed, quiet breathing; 500ml
Inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air in excess of tidal inspiration that can be inhaled with maximum effort; 3,000ml (TV +3L)
Expiratory reserve volume
amount of air in excess of tidal expiration that can be exhaled with maximum effort; 1,200ml
Residual volume
amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration to keep alveoli inflated between breaths and mix fresh air on the next inspiration; 1,200ml
How are the lungs always inflated
the fluid between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura will cause them to stick together and keep the lungs inflated
Pleuritis
membranes of the lungs come in contact with each other leading to inflammation
Vital capacity
amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration; 4,700ml (TV+IRV+ERV)
Inspiratory capacity
maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration; 3,500ml (TV+IRV)
Functional residual capacity
amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration; 2,400 ml (RV+ERV)
Total lung capacity
maximum amount of air the lungs can contain; 5,900ml (VC+RV)
Pharynx
funnels things to respiratory and digestive tract
Parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
right behind the nasal cavity
Laryngopharynx
right above the separation of respiratory and digestive tract
Epiglottis
cartilaginous flap of tissue that covers the glottis when we swallow
Diaphragm
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity, dome shaped skeletal muscle
What happens when the diaphragm contracts
it flattens and pulls the lungs in, naturally drawing air into the lungs due to change in pressure