Exam 1 Flashcards
Physiology
study/logic of nature; study of the function of something
Homeostasis
maintenance of a stable internal environment despite the external environment
Physiology
homeostasis is maintained
Pathophysiology
homeostasis isn’t maintained
Claude Bernard
believed that keeping an “internal milieu” of the four “humors” is a prereq for good health
Walter Cannon
coined the term homeostasis
Pavlov question
why the contents of stomach are acidic and when they reach the duodenum it becomes alkyl
Cranial nerve X
vagus nerve; communicates and recieves info from many areas of thoracic and abdominal cavities
Afferent
towards the brain
Efferent
away from the brain
Pavlov hypothesis
the vagus nerve controlled the liver and pancreas ducts working together
Be able to draw and label the ducts and important parts of the liver and pancreas as well as what is found moving through the ducts
:)
Bayliss and Starling hypothesis
believed the nervous system didn’t affect the change of pH. thought there were cells in the small intestine producing a hormone
Bayliss and Starling Experiment 1 description
tedious dissections of dogs to remove branches of the vagus nerve in the liver, pancreas, small intestine while keeping the vasculature intact. an acidic solution was dripped into the duodenum
Bayliss and Starling Experiment 1 results
when the acidic solution was added the pancreatic duct started to contract and bicarbonate solution moved into the duodenum
Bayliss and Starling Experiment 1 faults
they didn’t think they got all of the afferent and efferent vagus nerve
Bayliss and Starling Experiment 2 description
scraped parts of the duodenal mucosa, added some acid, filtered, and injected the solution into the veins of a dog
Bayliss and Starling Experiment 2 results
the pancreatic duct constricted and the bicarbonate solution was released
Secretin
discovered by Bayliss and Starling; made by cells lining the duodenum when the concentration of hydrogen ions increase; secreted into the blood to result in the pancreatic duct contracting and releasing bicarbonate solution
Parts of a homeostatic mechanism
receptor, control center, effectors
Cholecystokinin
made by cells of the duodenum to cause the cholecyst to contract and release bile which relaxes the sphincter of oddi and cause enzyme rich solution to be released from the pancreas
Merocrine
secrete product through exocytosis of secretory vacuoles; no part of the cell is lost in the process
Merocrine example
sweat gland
Apocrine
there are apical regions which are pinched off during secretion leading to cells partially losing cytoplasm during secretion

