Final Exam

Question 1

Banding techniques are assoc. with less ___pain but more ___ pain

Answer 1

less acute pain

more chronic pain

Question 2

Which emasculator tool can be used to disrupt blood supply to testicles WITHOUT creating an open skin incision

Answer 2

Burdizzo emasculatome

Question 3

The highest risk for tetanus is assoc. with which castration method?

Answer 3

Banding techniques

*except when used in 1-2d old calves

Question 4

Which spp. has a higher incidence of inguinal herniation?

Answer 4

Pigs

Question 5

In which spp. should tetanus prophylaxis ALWAYS be given for castration procedures

Answer 5

Goats and horses

Question 6

Describe how Deslorelin works for chemical castration and in which spp. is it typically used?

Answer 6

it’s GnRH super agonist–> causes an LH surge which upregulates testosterone production–> T4 is so high, its receptors become downregulated

*Swine (boar)

Question 7

Why should castration of camelids be delayed until after puberty?

Answer 7

have an increased risk of physeal fractures if done too early

Question 8

What recommendation do you need to make the owner after you diagnose a bull with persistent frenulum

Answer 8

this is a heritable condition so you should NOT breed this bull for seed stock

*can use as terminal sire

Question 9

Majority of preputial lacerations occur during? On which surface of the prepuce do they occur?

Answer 9

Breeding

ventral surface

Question 10

The most likely sequela of preputial laceration in:

1) bos indicus
2) bos tarus

Answer 10

1) preputial prolapse

2) abscess (sheath swelling)

Question 11

Your top differential if the prepucial swelling is:

1) unilateral
2) bilateral

Answer 11

1) retropreputial abscess

2) hematoma

Question 12

In what location does the penis almost always rupture in cattle?

Answer 12

dorsal aspect of the distal bend of sigmoid flexure

Question 13

What is a common physical exam finding that should make you suspect a penile hematoma/rupture

Answer 13

inability to palpate sigmoid flexure

Question 14

Which type of inguinal hernia is a surgical emergency in cattle?

Answer 14

Acquired, direct

Question 15

Most common side for acquired, indirect inguinal hernias to occur on (cattle)

Answer 15

LEFT

Question 16

In cattle, acquired direct hernias are assoc. with? And why is it a surgical emergency?

Answer 16

trauma;

risk for incarcerated bowel is very high

Question 17

Because congenital inguinal hernias are heritable, repair is accompanied by?

Answer 17

bilateral castration

Question 18

Describe the difference between direct and indirect hernias in DOGS

Answer 18

indirect–abdominal contents pass through vaginal process

Direct–contents are in separate peritoneal outpouching and adjacent to vaginal process (not in it)

Question 19

Which type of tranquilizers should be avoided in stallions?

Answer 19

phenothiazine derivatives (Ace)

Question 20

Generalized swelling/cellulitis of equine penis is the major cause of which condition

Answer 20

Paraphimosis

Question 21

Define phimosis

Answer 21

inability to protrude penis

Question 22

Priapsim is defined as?

Answer 22

persistent erection–penis fails to detumesce

Question 23

Most common intersex condition in equine males

Answer 23

male pseudohermaphrodite

Question 24

A segmental posthetomy is best for lesions located where?

Answer 24

on prepucial fold

Question 25

Which surgical technique can be used for tx of paraphimosis in GELDINGS only

Answer 25

Bolz technique Phallopexy

Question 26

The main goal with partial phallectomy (no matter the technique)

Answer 26

create a new urethral opening and amputate penis distal to new opening

Question 27

The main difference between the Vinsot’s and Williams partial phallectomy techniques is?

Answer 27

Orientation of urethral incision

Vinsot–triangle base is proximal

williams–triangle’s base in distal

Question 28

What two structures are connection together by:

1) ligament of tail of epididymis
2) proper ligament of testis

Answer 28

1) tail of epidid to parietal vaginal tunic

2) tail of epidid to testis

Question 29

How can early castration impact appearance of the horse?

Answer 29

physes will close later–> longer legs

Question 30

When using an emasculatome is important to make sure the crushing jaws are placed _____ and the blade is placed _____

Answer 30

jaws= proximal

blade= distal

Question 31

Open castration technique may predispose to which two post-op complications

Answer 31

1) Septic funiculitis (infection of spermatic cord)

2) hydrocele/vaginocele

Question 32

Though left and right testicles are retained with equal frequency, the left is more likely to be located where? The right?

Answer 32

Left–abdominally retained

Right–inguinally retained

Question 33

The following parts of the gubernaculum turn into which testicular structures

1) cranial part
2) middle part
3) caudal part

Answer 33

1) proper ligament of testis
2) ligament of tail of epidid
3) scrotal ligament

Question 34

When pulling a retained testis through the vaginal ring, traction should be applied to which structure

Answer 34

PLT

Question 35

On closure of the flank approach for cryptorchidectomy, which layers is it not necessary to close (2)

Answer 35

peritoneum

transversus abdominus

Question 36

The caslick’s vulvoplasty is most common used to correct which condition in mares?

What are two other sx repair options for this condition?

Answer 36

Pneumovagina

1) perineal body reconstruction
2) perineal body transection

Question 37

Which surgical technique for correction of urovagina is only indicated for mild, transient cases of VVR?

Answer 37

Caudal relocation of transverse fold

Question 38

Surgical repair of which type of foaling injury MUST be delayed?

Answer 38

Perineal lacerations

Question 39

An important pre-op preparation for mares who will undergo perineal laceration repair

Answer 39

laxatives! (or some other way to make feces soft)

Question 40

Which surgical repair techinique is best for

1) caudally located RV fistulas
2) for deeper (more cranial) RV fistulas

Answer 40

1) conversion to 3rd degree perineal laceration

2) horizontal approach through perineal body

Question 41

When performing a horizontal approach through perineal body to correct an RV fistula, how (in what direction) do you close:

1) rectal defect
2) vestibular defect

Answer 41

1) transversely

2) longitudinally

Question 42

It’s IDEAL to perform repair of cervical lacerations how long after foaling?

Answer 42

60 days is ideal

*minimum of 30d