9/28 Quiz

Question 1

Describe how photoperiod influences the mare’s cycling

Answer 1

Photoperiod influences the production of melatonin from pineal gland

Longer days–>lower melatonin–>horse will cycle

Question 2

Describe the uterus when it’s under the influence of:

1) progesterone
2) estrogen

Answer 2

1) closed cervix, high uterine tone, minimal uterine activity
2) less uterine tone, uterine edema & relaxed cervix

Question 3

When grading the cervix, a 1 would indicate?

Answer 3

1= tight/closed

Question 4

Which clinical sign is most commonly associated with endometritis?

Answer 4

Failure to conceive

Question 5

Definitive diagnosis of endometritis can be made by doing?

Answer 5

biopsy

Question 6

Name 4 common bacterial causes of endometritis?

Which two are likely to form a biofilm?

Answer 6

Strep. zooepidemicus
e. coli*
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas*

• = likely to form biofilm

Question 7

For which equine venereal disease should you call the state vet?

Answer 7

Contagious equine metritis (CEM)

Question 8

Most common cause on non-infectious abortion in horses?

Answer 8

Twins

Question 9

Which type of twins (location-wise) are unlikely to be spontaneously reduced?

Answer 9

Bicornuate (bilateral)

Question 10

Early embryonic death is pregnancy loss prior to ___days

Answer 10

45 days

*before fetal stage

Question 11

If a pregnant mare presents with mild colic in late gestation, you should suspect?

Answer 11

Uterine torsion

Question 12

You’re examining an aborted fetus that has 1-2mm gray/white spots on its liver; you also notice intranuclear inclusion bodies; these findings are suggestive of?

Answer 12

Equine herpes virus

Question 13

What infectious agent is likely to cause foals that are born with severe respiratory signs (interstitial pneumonia)

Answer 13

Equine viral arteritis

*this occurs if mare if infected when she’s close to foaling

Question 14

Which subspecies/serovar of lepto causes most of the clinical syndromes in mares?

Answer 14

Pomona

Question 15

Most common pathogen causing placentitis in mares?

Answer 15

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Question 16

3 most common treatment modalities used for placentitis?

Answer 16

Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics
Progesterone (Altrenogest)

Question 17

Foals born to mares with placentitis are described as

Answer 17

small and sick

Question 18

Normal, nonodorous lochia may be present in sheep and goats for how long following parturition?

Answer 18

3 weeks

Question 19

Most common cause of dystocia in sheep/goats?

Answer 19

fetal postural abnormalities

Question 20

Describe a “true breech” in goats/sheep

Answer 20

caudal longitudinal presentation
dorsosacral position
both back limbs retained beneath fetus

Question 21

3 most common infectious cases of abortion in small ruminants?

Answer 21

Toxoplasma gondii
Chlamydophila abortus
Campylobacter

Question 22

Top 4 viruses to consider when abortion occurs with fetal deformities?

Answer 22

Bluetongue
Akabane
Cache Valley
Border Disease

Question 23

Which day of gestation is important in determining fetal outcome with Border Disease

Answer 23

Day 85

• infected before= PI lamb or abortion
• infected after= normal, weak, or stillborn

Question 24

Most significant cause of abortion in SHEEP in North America

Characteristic finding?

Answer 24

Campylobacter

“gray targets” (necrotic foci) on liver

Question 25

Generalized placentitis of cotyledons & intercodyledonary space is associated with?

Answer 25

Chlamydophila

Question 26

Epididymitis in Rams is associated with?

Answer 26

Brucellosis

Question 27

Finding white to yellow small areas of focal necrosis on cotyledons is characteristic of?

Answer 27

Toxoplasmosis

*intercotylondary areas are normal