Exam 2--Small Ruminant

Question 1

Concerning sheep and goats:

1) how long until uterine involution is complete
2) how long is it normal to see lochia postpartum
3) how long does stage 2 labor normally last

Answer 1

1) 28 days
2) up to 3 weeks (non-odorous)
3) 1-2hr (depends on # of fetuses)

Question 2

3 indications of dystocia in sheep/goats

Answer 2

1) active labor >30min with no progress
2) abrupt stop in parturition
3) placenta delivered but no kid/lamb

Question 3

Most common cause of dystocia in sheep/goats?

Answer 3

Fetal postural abnormalities

Question 4

Differential for a camelid that presents with straining and colic in late pregnancy?

Answer 4

Uterine torsion

Question 5

Abortion in sheep/goats occurs most commonly during what time frame of gestation?

Answer 5

last 2 months

Question 6

3 most common infectious causes of abortion in sheep/goats?

Most consistent associated finding/

Answer 6

Toxoplasma
Chlamydophila
Campylobacter

Placentitis

Question 7

If fetal abortion is accompanied by fetal deformities, what should you think? Name 4

Answer 7

VIRUS

Bluetongue
Akabane
Cache Valley
Border Disease

Question 8

With border disease virus, infection before or after which day of gestation determines determines outcome?

Answer 8

85 days!!

If infected before–>can become PI

If infected AFTER–>lamb normal, weak, or stillborn

Question 9

The most significant cause of abortion in SHEEP in North America?

Assoc. characteristic lesion?

Answer 9

Campylobacter (C. jejuni)

Gray targets in liver (necrotic foci)

Question 10

This is the causative agent of enzootic abortion of ewes;

It’s characteristic lesion?

Answer 10

Chlamydophila

Generalized placentitis of cotyledons and intercotyledonary areas

Question 11

Which spp. of Brucellosis is considered zoonotic and which spp. does it infect?

Answer 11

Melitensis (GOATS)

Question 12

Brucella ovis is rarely assoc. with abortion in sheep, rather, it’s more likely to cause ________ in rams

Answer 12

epididymitis

Question 13

When examining a placenta, you note normal intercotyledonary areas, but on the cotyledons themselves you see white to yellow small areas of focal necrosis; top ddx?

Answer 13

toxoplasmosis

Question 14

Most common cause of abortion in llamas? Why?

Answer 14

STRESS

Because their pregnancy is entirely CL dependent

Question 15

If you find fetal mummification in sheep/goats, what are you top 4 differentials?

Answer 15

Toxoplasmosis
Chlamydophilia
Border Dz
Coxiella (Q fever)