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Survey Of Science > Final! Exam 6 > Flashcards

Final! Exam 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

By what method are hormones transported throughout the body?

A

through the bloodstream.

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2
Q

What body activities do hormones regulate?

A

growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood.

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3
Q

Where are hormone receptors found?

A

in the plasma membrane and inside the cell (intracellular).

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4
Q

What endocrine structures are bound in the brain?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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5
Q

What gland secretes FSH and what is its function?

A

pituitary gland - stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.

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6
Q

What gland secretes ADH and what is its function?

A

The pituitary gland secretes ADH, which regulates water balance in the body.

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7
Q

What gland secretes parathyroid hormone and what is its function?

A

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels.

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8
Q

What gland secretes prolactin and what is its function?

A

The pituitary gland secretes prolactin, which stimulates milk production.

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9
Q

What gland secretes insulin what are their functions?

A

The pancreas secretes insulin, which lowers blood sugar,

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10
Q

What gland secretes epinephrine and what is its function?

A

The adrenal glands secrete epinephrine, which increases heart rate and energy availability.

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11
Q

What gland secretes estrogen and what is its function?

A

The ovaries secrete estrogen, which regulates the female reproductive system.

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12
Q

What hormone is antagonized by alcohol consumption?

A

Alcohol consumption antagonizes ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

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13
Q

What hormone affects the largest variety of cells?

A

Insulin

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14
Q

What hormone is stimulated by eating spicy foods?

A

Capsaicin including adrenaline.

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15
Q

What hormone requires iodine for its formation?

A

Thyroid hormones

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and heat intolerance.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics and functions of the adrenal gland?

A

The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, regulating metabolism and stress response.

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19
Q

What hormone can decrease immune function?

A

Cortisol

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20
Q

What are the sex hormones?

A

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.

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21
Q

What are the different types of asexual reproduction?

A

Types include binary fission, budding, and fragmentation.

22
Q

What are the characteristics of hermaphrodites?

A

Hermaphrodites possess both male and female reproductive organs.

23
Q

What is the anatomical location of testes and why?

A

Scrotom to maintain a lower temperature for sperm production.

24
Q

Where does human fertilization in the female occur?

A

fallopian tubes.

25
Q

What are the characteristics of embryo implantation?

A

Embryo implantation involves the embedding of the blastocyst into the uterine lining.

26
Q

What is menstruation?

A

Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.

27
Q

What is the ovarian cycle?

A

the follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.

28
Q

What is HCG and what would happen if the embryo failed to secrete it?

A

HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) maintains the corpus luteum; failure to secrete it can lead to miscarriage.

29
Q

What types of organisms cause STDs and which are not curable?

A

Bacterial (curable) and viral (not curable) organisms cause STDs.

30
Q

What is the acrosome and its purpose?

A

The acrosome is a cap-like structure on sperm that contains enzymes to penetrate the egg.

31
Q

What is the result of cleavage during development?

A

Cleavage results in the formation of a multicellular embryo.

32
Q

What structures form from mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm?

A

Mesoderm forms muscles and bones, endoderm forms internal organs, and ectoderm forms skin and nervous system.

33
Q

What contributions does the yolk sac contribute to the embryo?

A

The yolk sac provides nutrients and is involved in early blood cell formation.

34
Q

What is the function of the amnion?

A

The amnion protects the embryo

35
Q

When do human embryo’s first blood cells derive?

A

The first blood cells are derived from the yolk sac.

36
Q

When does the human embryo implant into the uterus?

A

The embryo implants into the uterus about 6-10 days after fertilization.

37
Q

At what point during pregnancy can an ultrasound determine sex?

A

An ultrasound can typically determine sex around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy.

38
Q

At what point during pregnancy is the heartbeat detectable?

A

The heartbeat is usually detectable around 6 weeks of pregnancy.

39
Q

What hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

A

Oxytocin

40
Q

What are the three stages of labor?

A

dilation, expulsion, and placental delivery.

41
Q

What are potential causes of infertility in males and females?

A

Causes include hormonal imbalances, structural issues, and lifestyle factors.

42
Q

When is the embryo now considered a fetus?

A

The embryo is considered a fetus after 8 weeks of gestation.

43
Q

Define vulva.

A

The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia.

44
Q

Define gestation.

A

Gestation is the period of development of the embryo or fetus in the womb.

45
Q

Define infertility.

A

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.

46
Q

Define ovulation.

A

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.

47
Q

What gland secretes glucagon and what the function?

A

Pancreas, which raises blood sugar.

48
Q

What is the function of chorion?

A

gas exchange

49
Q

What is the function of umbilical cord?

A

connects the embryo to the placenta

50
Q

Function of placenta?

A

Provide nutrients

Survey Of Science (6 decks)

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