Exam 1

Question 1

Are humans producers or consumers?

Answer 1

Consumers

Humans are consumers in the ecosystem because they rely on other organisms for food.

Question 2

The lowest level of biological hierarchy that can perform all activities associated with life.

Answer 2

Cell

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Question 3

What are the two cell type classifications?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus.

Question 4

What is taxonomy?

Answer 4

The science of classification

Taxonomy involves naming and categorizing organisms based on shared characteristics.

Question 5

What does the branch of evolution study?

Answer 5

The diversity of life

Evolutionary biology focuses on how organisms change over time.

Question 6

Element required for the thyroid gland to function properly.

Answer 6

Iodine

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the body.

Question 7

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 7

A testable explanation

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experiments.

Question 8

Components of the scientific method.

Answer 8

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion

The scientific method involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

Question 9

Of the four biological molecules essential for living things, which one is not considered a polymer?

Answer 9

Lipids

Lipids are not considered polymers because they are made up of non-repeating monomers.

Question 10

Four most common elements found in the human body.

Answer 10

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

These elements make up the majority of atoms in the human body.

Question 11

If an atom has a positive charge, then what does this mean with respect to its number of protons and electrons?

Answer 11

More protons than electrons

An atom with a positive charge has lost electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons.

Question 12

What does the atomic number of an atom tell you about the atom?

Answer 12

Number of protons

The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of protons in its nucleus.

Question 13

What is an ion?

Answer 13

An atom with a charge

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.

Question 14

Isotopes have the same number of protons but differ in their number of _________.

Answer 14

Neutrons

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 15

Chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons.

Answer 15

Covalent bond

Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

Question 16

Chemical bond that involves a complete transfer of electrons.

Answer 16

Ionic bond

Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 17

Type of bond that holds the atoms together to make a water molecule.

Answer 17

Hydrogen bond

Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another.

Question 18

Know general examples of molecules that belong to the four classes of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Answer 18

Carbohydrates (e.g., glucose), Lipids (e.g., fats), Proteins (e.g., enzymes), Nucleic Acids (e.g., DNA)

These molecules play essential roles in the structure and function of living organisms.

Question 19

Approximate percent of water that makes up human body cells.

Answer 19

60-70%

Water is a major component of human cells, comprising approximately 60-70% of body weight.

Question 20

Components required to make a solution.

Answer 20

Solvent and Solute

A solution is formed by combining a solvent (dissolving agent) and a solute (substance being dissolved).

Question 21

Chemical bond found between adjacent water molecules.

Answer 21

Hydrogen bond

Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another.

Question 22

Understand the pH scale and what it measures. Understand what is meant when the pH of a substance changes by one number or multiple numbers.

Answer 22

Acidity or alkalinity of a substance on a scale of 0-14. A change of one number represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.

Question 23

Storage form of carbohydrates in animals and plants.

Answer 23

Glycogen (animals), Starch (plants)

Glycogen and starch serve as storage forms of carbohydrates in animals and plants, respectively.

Question 24

Know the name of the monomers that make up the polymers of protein, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

Answer 24

Proteins (Amino Acids), Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides), Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides)

Monomers are the building blocks of polymers in biological molecules.

Question 25

Proton charge?

Answer 25

Positive

Question 26

Proton location?

Answer 26

Nucleus

Question 27

Neutron charge?

Answer 27

No charge