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Survey Of Science > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the plant structure that plants use to absorb water?

A

Roots

First footnote

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2
Q

Equation that summarizes photosynthesis.

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → (C6H12O6 + 6O2)

Second footnote

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3
Q

During the process of photosynthesis oxygen is released. What molecule serves as the source for the released oxygen?

A

Water

Third footnote

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4
Q

Photosynthesis versus cellular respiration.

A

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP, using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Fourth footnote

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5
Q

Do plants use both CO2 and O2?

A

Yes, plants use CO2 for photosynthesis to make food and O2 for cellular respiration to make ATP.

Fifth footnote

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6
Q

What is the name of the cellular process used by plants to make their own organic compounds?

A

Photosynthesis

Sixth footnote

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7
Q

Ultimate energy source for food production.

A

Sunlight

Seventh footnote

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8
Q

Molecule that absorbs light energy during the process of photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll

Eighth footnote

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9
Q

What is the role of CO2, H2O and solar energy in photosynthesis?

A

CO2 provides carbon atoms for glucose, H2O provides electrons and protons, and solar energy powers the conversion of these molecules into glucose and oxygen.

Ninth footnote

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10
Q

Where in the plant are the photosynthetic cells more likely to be located?

A

Leaves

Tenth footnote

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11
Q

What is the organelle of photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplast

Eleventh footnote

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12
Q

What structure is used by plants to perform gas exchange (i.e., exchange of CO2 and O2).

A

Stomata

Twelfth footnote

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13
Q

The two stages of photosynthesis are light dependent and light independent stages. What is the source of energy that powers each stage?

A

Light-dependent stage is powered by sunlight; light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent stage.

Thirteenth footnote

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14
Q

What is the main chlorophyll molecule? Specific name.

A

Chlorophyll a

Fourteenth footnote

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15
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum that segment that powers photosynthesis.

A

Visible light

Fifteenth footnote

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16
Q

Organelle that houses the chromosomes.

A

Nucleus

Sixteenth footnote

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17
Q

What are chromatids?

A

Chromatids are the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Seventeenth footnote

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18
Q

What are centromeres?

A

Centromeres are the regions where sister chromatids are joined together.

Eighteenth footnote

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19
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Nineteenth footnote

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20
Q

What events take place during the stages of the cell cycle? When do sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell? When do sister chromatids separate? When does cytokinesis begin?

A

During Metaphase, sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell. During Anaphase, sister chromatids separate. Cytokinesis begins during Telophase.

Twentieth footnote

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21
Q

What is the correct sequence of phases for mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Twenty-first footnote

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22
Q

What is correct sex chromosome makeup for a human male and for a female?

A

Human male chromosome? XY; Human female chromosome? XX

Twenty-second footnote

23
Q

What is a karyotype and what is it capable of detecting?

A

A karyotype is an image of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in pairs. It can detect chromosomal abnormalities such as extra or missing chromosomes.

Twenty-third footnote

24
Q

What determines the gender of the offspring? Male or female or time of day, etc.

A

The gender of the offspring is determined by the sex chromosome contributed by the sperm (X or Y).

Twenty-fourth footnote

25
Q

Meiosis versus mitosis. (What events are common to both? What events are not common?)

A

Both involve chromosome duplication and separation. Meiosis includes two rounds of division and results in four genetically diverse haploid cells, while mitosis results in two identical diploid cells

Twenty-fifth footnote

26
Q

Cells that divide by meiosis. What are they called?

A

Gametes

Twenty-sixth footnote

27
Q

Characteristics of homologous chromosomes.

A

Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, shape, and genetic information. One inherited from each parent.

Twenty-seventh footnote

28
Q

Sex chromosome combination for Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome.

A

Turner syndrome: X0; Klinefelter syndrome: XXY

Twenty-eighth footnote

29
Q

What is a chiasma?

A

Chiasma is the point where chromatids exchange genetic material during crossing over in meiosis.

Twenty-ninth footnote

30
Q

Telophase

A

The final stage of cell division in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.

No additional information.

31
Q

Human male chromosome

A

XY;

No additional information.

32
Q

Human female chromosome

A

XX

No additional information.

33
Q

Karyotype

A

An image of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in pairs, used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.

No additional information.

34
Q

Sex determination in offspring

A

Determined by the sex chromosome contributed by the sperm (X or Y).

No additional information.

35
Q

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

A

Meiosis involves two rounds of division resulting in four genetically diverse haploid cells, while mitosis results in two identical diploid cells.

No additional information.

36
Q

Gametes

A

Sperm and egg cells.

No additional information.

37
Q

Chiasma

A

The point where two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.

No additional information.

38
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg cell.

No additional information.

39
Q

Diploid

A

A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2N).

No additional information.

40
Q

Haploid

A

A cell with one set of chromosomes (1N).

No additional information.

41
Q

Histone

A

A protein that DNA wraps around to form chromatin.

No additional information.

42
Q

Polyploidy

A

A condition where a cell has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

No additional information.

43
Q

1N

A

The number of chromosomes in a haploid cell.

No additional information.

44
Q

2N

A

The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell.

No additional information.

45
Q

Genetic variation

A

Differences in DNA sequences among individuals.

No additional information.

46
Q

Autosome

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

No additional information.

47
Q

Zygote:

A

Fertilized egg

48
Q

; Diploid:

A

Having two sets of chromosomes

49
Q

Haploid

A

having one set of chromosomes;

50
Q

Histone

A

protein that DNA wraps around

51
Q

Polyploidy

A

having more than two sets of chromosomes;

52
Q

1N:; 2N:;

A

haploid, diploid

53
Q

Genetic variation

A

differences in DNA sequences between individuals

54
Q

Autosome:

A

non-sex chromosome.

Survey Of Science (6 decks)

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