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Pathopharmacology Exam 1 Review > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

-sone

A

corticosteroid

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2
Q

-rubicin

A

antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent

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3
Q

barbital

A

barbiturate (sedative)

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4
Q

-caine

A

local anesthesia

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5
Q

cef-; ceph-

A

cephalosporin antibiotic

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6
Q

-cillin

A

penicillin antibiotics

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7
Q

-cycline

A

tetracycline antibiotics

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8
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonate; bone resporption inhibitor

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9
Q

-floxacin

A

quinolone antibiotic

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10
Q

-lamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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11
Q

-mycin

A

antibiotic; antibacterial

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12
Q

-olol

A

beta blocker

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13
Q

-nazole

A

antifungal

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14
Q

-lone

A

corticosteroid

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15
Q

-profen

A

NSAID

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16
Q

-triptan

A

antimigraine

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17
Q

-vir

A

antiviral

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18
Q

-vudine

A

antiviral; nucleoside analogues

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19
Q

-pam

A

benzodiazepine

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20
Q

-lam

A

benzodiazepine

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21
Q

You can determine the presence of CSF by what component?

A

glucose

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22
Q

Hemisphere of the brain responsible for language and analytical processing

A

Left

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23
Q

Hemisphere responsible for humor and visuospacial skills

A

Right

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24
Q

lobe that helps us see

A

occipital

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25
Q

lobe that helps us think

A

frontal

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26
Q

lobe that helps us touch

A

parietal

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27
Q

lobe that helps us hear

A

temporal

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28
Q

area in the brain used for speech expression

A

brocas area

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29
Q

area of the brain used to help us speak and decipher language

A

wernickes area

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30
Q

area of the brain responsible for balance and coordination

A

cerebellum

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31
Q

area of the brain responsible for sleep/wake cycle, hunger, thermoregulation and reproduction

A

Hypothalamus

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32
Q

This is responsible for arousal and awareness. Made of ascending (pain, touch temperature) and descending (motor signals to spinal cord) pathways.

A

Reticular Activating System

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33
Q

First 8 spinal nerves

A

cervical

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34
Q

middle 12 spinal nerves

A

thoracic

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35
Q

last 5 spinal nerves

A

lumbar (5) + sacral(5)

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36
Q

what part of the neuron will cause death to the neuron if damaged?

A

cell body

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37
Q

senses the body position, can be effected by parkinsons

A

Extrapyramidial system

38
Q

Directs synapses in the brain to the correct spot

A

Thalamus

39
Q

Vital control center of the brain (respiratory, cardiovascular, vomiting, etc)

A

Medulla Oblongata

40
Q

carries impulses from receptor sites to CNS

A

sensory neurons

41
Q

carries impulses from receptor site to PNS

A

motor neurons

42
Q

Type of nervous system that is responsible for voluntary and sensory pathways and regulating the voluntary control of skeletal muscle.

A

Somatic

43
Q

Type of nervous system that houses the sympathetic and parasympathetic.

A

Automonic

44
Q

cholinergic neurotransmitters

A

muscarinic + nicotinic

45
Q

adrenergic neurotransmitters

A

alpha and beta

46
Q

expressive motor aphasia deals with what part of the brain?

A

Brocas Area

47
Q

receptive sensory aphasia deals with what part of the brain?

A

Wernickes Area

48
Q

Global Aphasia deals with what parts of the brain?

A

Brocas and Wernickes area

49
Q

loss of awareness and mental capabilities but the medulla oblongata keeps the vital functions going

A

Vegetative state

50
Q

state of being paralyzed and unable to communicate but being able to think and be aware.

A

locked-in state

51
Q

during severe brain damage the body will respond with curling the arms like C’s and the rest of the body moves in toward the spinal cord.

A

Decorticate

52
Q

during severe brain damage the body will respond with curling the arms like “E’s” and all the limbs facing outward.

A

Decerebrate

53
Q

vision loss

A

Hemianopia

54
Q

first sign of increased intracranial pressure

A

decreased LOC, severe headaches vomiting, papilledema

55
Q

respiratory pattern signaling death

A

cheyne stokes

56
Q

universal treatment of increased intracranial pressure

A

decrease fluids, mannitol, sedation, steroids to decrease inflammation

57
Q

temporary short episode of impaired function. Caused by small emboli, atherosclerosis or a vascular spasm. Can be a warning sign for stroke

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

58
Q

Infarction of brain tissue from lack of oxygen caused by an embolus or rupture in the carotid or cerebral artery.

A

Cerebrovascular Accidents (stroke)

59
Q

Type of CVA that is caused by uncontrolled hypertension and is the least likely to reverse. The worst kind.

A

Hemorrhage.

60
Q

localized weakness in the wall of an artery. Often aggravated by hypertension. Headaches. Rupture leads to fatal increase in intracranial pressure.

A

Cerebral Aneurysms

61
Q

concussion with no loss of consciousness, retrograde amnesia, and can only be treated with acetaminophen.

A

Mild Concussion

62
Q

A fracture/penetration of the brain

A

open head injury

63
Q

injury where the skull is not fractured and only the brain tissue is injured. No head rotation.

A

Closed head injury

64
Q

A piece of bone is below level of skull compressing the brain

A

Depressed Skull Fracture

65
Q

fracture that occurs at the base of the skull and can cause leakage of CSF through the ears and nose.

A

Basilar fracture

66
Q

when the brain bounces off the skull opposite the side of injury

A

Contrecoup Injury

67
Q

Treatment of Contrecoup injuries

A

edema- steroids
infections- antibiotics + steroids
ICP - mannitol + brain rest

68
Q

seizure type characterized by pausing and then continuing

A

Petit mal

69
Q

seizure type characterized by muscle contractions, jerking/spasming

A

Myoclonic

70
Q

Seizure type characterized by a “drop attack”, without movement

A

Akinetic

71
Q

continuous seizure state
must be interrupted
can occur during all seizures
Valium and Ativan first!

A

Status Epilepticus

72
Q

Adverse effects of anti epileptic drugs

A 
vomiting and diarrhea
risk for suicides
dizziness, drowsiness, and lethargy
birth defects
ALT + AST effects
73
Q

Therapeutic level of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

10-20mcg

74
Q

Therapeutic level of Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

4-12mcg

75
Q

therapeutic level of Valproic Acid ( Depakote)

A

50-100mcg

76
Q

Idiopathic inflammatory condition of the PNS characterized by amending paralysis. Recovery is spontaneous and in reverse order of onset.

A

Guillan Barre Syndrome

77
Q

Acute inflammation of the brain caused by measles, west nile fever, lyme disease, and herpes.

A

Encephalitis

78
Q

Treatment of Encephalitis

A

steroids, antiviral-cyclovir, acetaminophen

79
Q

localized infection of the brain causing necrosis of the tissue; localized - frontal and temporal lobes. Treated by surgical drainage and antibiotics

A

Brain Abscess

80
Q

Inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria.

A

Meningitis

81
Q

Signs and symptoms of Meningitis

A 
increased ICP
severe headaches
fever
chills
vomiting
seizures
82
Q

Signs for Meningitis

A

Brudzinskis sign
Kernigs sign
Miningococcal infection

83
Q

neck flexion causes flexion of knees and hip

A

Brudzinskis sign - Meningitis

84
Q

resistance of leg extension when hips flexed

A

Kernigs sign - meningitis

85
Q

Petechia rash

A

Meningococcal infection- meningitis

86
Q

Parkinsons Disease Therapy should…?

A 
Increase Dopamine
Decrease Acetylcholine
increase appetite
improve mental status
increase ADL's
less intense parkinsonian manifestations
87
Q

progressive degeneration of basal nuclei and substantial nigra (EPS). Decreases dopamine and increases acetylcholine. Symptoms: akinesia, bradykinesia, staggering gait, difficulty swallowing/chewing

A

Parkinsons Disease

88
Q

Characteristics of a Cholinergic Crisis

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation

89
Q

Test used to diagnose cholinergic crisis or myasthenia crisis

A

Tension Test

90
Q

Plaques and tangles of neurons inhibit the communication between nerve cells causing death of nerve cells + brain damage. Decreased levels of acetylcholine.

A

Alzheimers Disease

91
Q

Treatment of Alzheimers Disease:

A

anticholinesterase drug therapy

Pathopharmacology Exam 1 Review (6 decks)

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