Final exam Flashcards
1
Q
main Ig in primary response
A
IgM
2
Q
main Ig in secondary response
A
IgG
3
Q
also known as incomplete or blocking antibodies
A
IgG
4
Q
the predominant Ig type found in the Rh system
A
IgG
5
Q
Landsteiners rule
A
Abs are present in plasma only when the corresponding Ag is not present on the RBCs
6
Q
genotype
A
a persons genetic makeup
7
Q
phenotype
A
persons blood type outward expression on blood cells
8
Q
where are the antigens?
A
on the RBC
9
Q
where are the antibodies?
A
in plasma/serum
10
Q
what antibodies would you see in Group A?
A
B antibodies
11
Q
what antibodies would you see in Group B?
A
A antibodies
12
Q
what antibodies would you see in Group O?
A
A, B, AB antibodies
13
Q
what antibodies would you see in group AB?
A
none
14
Q
what are alloantibodies?
A
antibodies to someone else
15
Q
what are autoantibodies?
A
antibodies to self antigens
16
Q
the amount of H substance demonstrated on the cells in order of decreasing reactivity?
A
O
17
Q
what do you find in the forward ABO typing?
A
antigens
18
Q
what do you find in the reverse ABO typing?
A
antibodies
19
Q
what is the purpose of preforming an adsorption?
A
used to bind Abs to red blood cells in order to remove them from plasma and better analyze the Abs that may remain
20
Q
examples of factors influencing antigen-antibody rxs
A
incubation ionic strength proximity on antigen that sits on RBC memebrane temp pH centrifugation
21
Q
if 2 homozgous B adult have children, what blood type would their off spring be?
A
B
22
Q
why dont labs perform reverse blood groups on newborn infants?
A
they have no developed antibodies
23
Q
name to antisera used in and ABO/RH
A
Anti-D
Anti-A
Anti-B
24
Q
Anti-A1 is ocassionally found in individuals of this blood group system
A
A2
25
what is one of the best ways to test a patient to see if they have a subgroup or variant of the A blood type?
plasma or serum A1 cells
26
2 types of AHG: what are they called and what is contained in each?
polyspecific- both anti-IgG and complement
| monospecific- one or the other
27
the lectin from which plant has a specifity for anti-H?
ulex europeaus
28
what is the main purpose of washing red blood cells used for testing in an antiglobulin test?
to prevent neutrilization of AHG by globulins
29
the extract from what plant is used to distinguish type anti-A1 cell from other type A cells?
biflourus
30
the weakest agglutination would be see with anti-A with which of the following: A1B, A1, A3, O
A3
31
what is the difference between an IAT and a DAT and what do they each indicate?
IAT-invitro reaction outside the body
| DAT- in vivo reaction inside the body coated by gamma and beta globulins
32
how can cold agglutinins be excluded in a crossmatch?
crossmatch prewarming
| AC not to be warmed stay cold
33
what is the purpose of anti-A1 lectin?
to detect subgroups of A1 antigen
34
what is the purpose of anti-A,B antisera?
to detect subgroups of A weaker than A2
35
what type of test would demonstrate that group A or B fetal cells have been coated with maternal O antibodies?
DAT (Direct Coombs)
36
what type of antibodies does an antiglobulin test detect
incomplete or blocking abs
37
which rare blood type produces natural anti-H antibodies?
bombay
38
name a procedure you could perform in the blood bank to remove rouleaux formation
saline replacement
39
ABO and Rh antibodies are most often implicated in what serious condition that affects newborns and fetuses?
HDFN
40
what must be done to a donor unit to firmly establish that it is indeed Rh negative?
weak D
41
when is Rh immunoglobulin (Rhogam) given to Rh negative mothers?
28 weeks and withing 72 hours of birth
42
what causes kernicterus in newborns?
build up of bilirubin in the brain
43
what type of blood bank testing is used to detect the weak D?
IAT
44
before testing, what must be done to all cord cells and why?
wash them to remove Whartons jelly
45
what causes HDFN?
maternal cells lack antigen that fetal cells have. that is what causes sensitization.
46
what substance do A blood group secretors secrete?
AH
47
what substance do B blood group secretors secrete?
BH
48
what substance do O blood group secretors secreet?
H
49
what substance do AB blood group nonsecretors secrete?
nothing
50
how must an individual inherit the Lewis, secretor, and H genes in order to secrete Le^b substance?
one dominant gene of each
| Le, Se, HH or Hh
51
you have a patient that has developed Lewis antibodies. What type of donor blood would you want to give them?
to patients with Le(a-b-)
52
an individual genotypes as le,se,h. These genes are said to be ________ or _________.
recessive or amorphic
53
what percentage of the caucasian population are secetors?
80%
54
what are the components for testing in a major crossmatch? What is the purpose of this testing?
Donor cells and recipient plasma. Select blood products that will have acceptable survival and to insure the safety of the transfusion
55
which antibodies can show up as cold agglutinins?
I M N P1 Lea Leb
56
which antibodies belong to the kidd blood group system?
Jka Jkb
57
which antibodies are know for showing dosage when reacting with heterozygous red cells?
Kidd, Duffy, M, N, S, Rh(other than D) Lutheran
58
what antigen is known to be sex linked?
xga
59
the i antigen is most prevelent in what type of population
babies
60
which antibodies are most known for delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Kidd
61
why is the transfusion of specific blood components preferable to use over whole blood?
many patients can effectively be treated once
less reactions making it safer
reduces risk of circulatory overload
wasteful
62
name some the routine testing generally performed on donor blood
ABO/Rh
antibody screen
HIV, CMV, HEP and weak D
63
what is autologous donations?
donating blood for you to use in the future
64
what is directed blood donation?
donation for someone specific
65
what is the advantage of autologous blood?
someone with bombay blood type
66
what is emergency release?
uncrossmatched 0- blood is issued only when the order is accompanied by signed dr statement
67
main components when seperating blood
RBCs packed red blood cells small plasma concentration
Plasma (FFP)
Cryo- insoluable portion of plasma that reamins when thawing from FFP
platelets- concentrated platelet with small plasma concentration
68
normal temp and storage requirement for RBCs with CPDA1
1-6
| 35 days
69
normal temp and storage for frozen RBCs
-65 to -120
| 10 years
70
normal temp and storage for cryo
-18
| 1 year
71
normal temp and storage for platelets
room temp for 5 days
72
normal temp and storage for FFP
-18 or lower
| 1 year
73
what is theraputic phlebotomy?
blood letting
74
why is theraputic phlebotomy used?
to remove blood from a person to treat a condition
75
name 2 conditions that may require theraputic phlebotomy
polycythemia vera
| porphyrias
76
how long should someone wait between whole blood donations?
8 weeks
77
how often should a new sample be collected on a blood recipient when a series of transfusions are to administered over a period of time?
3 days
78
when transfusing packed red cells, what is the total amount (plus or minus 10) that is routinely transfused?
280 mL
79
why is there a storage limit of 21 days on CPD blood stored at 5 degrees?
75% viability is required post transfusion
80
why would a person be permanently deferred from donating blood
AIDS
HEP
Drug abuse
men having sex with men
81
what is plasmapheresis?
seperate plasma reinfuse RBCs
82
2 acceptable ways to thaw FFP
water bath
| FDA approved microwave
83
what is the most common of all the transfusion rxs?
febrile rxs
| allergic rxs
84
what usually causes febrile rxs after transfusion?
leucocyte antibodies
antibody pirogens
platelet Abs
85
which government agency is the regulatory agency providing licensure for blood banking reagents?
FDA
86
expiration for packed red cells and the hermetic seal has been broken but the unit has been refrigerated
24 hours
87
expiration for six units of platelets that have been pooled together in an open system
4 hours
88
expiration of FFP that has been thawed and is being kept in the fridge
24 hours
89
what is the temp limit for shipping packed red cells?
1-10 degrees C
90
what does refractory mean and which blood component is it associated with?
unresponsive to platelet transfusion
91
why are patient specimens kept in the lab after testing is completed and for how long?
makes it possible to retest original tests
| 7 days
92
methods of good record keeping
use of indelible ink
single line through mistake then signed and dated
recording data in the correct log book
93
what is the number one source of error in blood bank?
clerical errors
94
blood component for factor VIII deficiency
cryo
95
blood component for marked thrombocytopenia
platelets
96
blood component for factor V deficiency
FFP
97
blood component for exchange transfusion
whole blood - fresh
98
blood component for severe burns
human serum albumin
99
blood component for chronic anemia
packed red cells
100
blood component for acute blood loss
whole blood
101
blood component for hemophilia
cryo
102
how long are records kept?
12 months
