Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Final Exam 301-390 > Flashcards

Final Exam 301-390 Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the term for the functional changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive system

A

Capacitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The glycoprotein layer internal to the corona radiata surrounding the oocyte is called the

A

zona pelluciada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The fertilized ovum is called

A

zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The development of an embryo of fetus outside the uterine cavity is call an

A

ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The part of the female reproductive tract in which fertilization normally occurs is the

A

uterine tuve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

By the end of the third day after fertilization, the fertilized egg has becomes a solid ball of cells called the

A

morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the hollow ball of cells that is implanted into the uterine wall is called the

A

blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During the first two months of dev elopment, the developing human is called an

A

embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the primary gern layers are the

A

ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The process by which 2 layered inner cells mass is converted to a structure composed of the primary gern layers is called

A

gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the fetal membrane that serves as an early site for blood formation and that is the source of the cells that differentiate into primitive germ cells is the _______

A

yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

-The structure derived from the trophoblast of the blastocyst that becomes the principal embryonic part of the placenta is the

A

chorion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

-Development of the placenta is accomplished by the _____month of pregnancy

A

third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-The portion of the endometrium that becomes modified following implantation is known as the

A

decidua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-The chorion of the placenta secretes the hormone _____, which mimics the action of LH

A

HCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-The time a developing human is carried in the female reproductive tracr between fertilization and birth is called______, which is normally ____weeks

A

gestation; 38

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

-A condition that appears after the 20th week of gestation in which hypertension results from impaired renal function is called

A

preelampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-The principal hormone promoting lactation is

A

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-The initial low-lactose, low-fat fluid produced by the mammory glands during late pregnancy and for the first few days following delivery is called

A

colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-The complete genetic makeup of an organism is called the

A

genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-The two alternative forms of a gene that code for the same trait and are at the same locus on homologous chromosomes are called _____; an individual in whom the two forms are the same is said to be ______; while an individual in whom the two forms are different is said to be _______

A

alleles; homozygous; heterrozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-The physical or outward expression of a gene is called the

A

phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-An error in meiosis called ______ occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during anaphase of the reduction division

A

nondisjuction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-A diploid human cell contains ____pair(s) of autosomes and _____ pair(s) of sex chromosomes

A

22; one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

-Traits inherited on the X and/or Y chromosomes are referred to as

A

sex linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-The dark-staining inactivated X chromosome seen in the nuclei of female mammlian cells is called a

A

barr body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

-Nondisjuction of chromosome 21 results in

A

down sydrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

-The hormone that serves as a basis for early pregnancy tests is

A

HCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

-The blastocyst has three portions - the outer _____, the _______, and the internal, fluid-filled cavity called the ______

A

trophoblast, inner cell mass balstocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

-The embryo develops from the layer of the blastocyst called the

A

inner cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

-Projections of the mucosa of the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption and digestion are called

A

villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

-The exocrine cells of the pancreas are arranged in clusters called _____; the endocrine cells of the pancreas are organized into clusters called _______

A

acini; pancreatic islets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

-The common bile duct is formed by the union of the ________and the ________

A

common hepatic duct; cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

-Bile is produced by the

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

-The function of the stellate reticuloendothelial cells of the liver is

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

-The hormone that stimulates ejection of bile from the gallbladder is

A

cholecystokinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

-Partially digested food passes from the ______ region of the stomach into the _______ region of the small intestine

A

pylorus; duodemun

38
Q

-The process by which bile salts break triglycerides into one millimeter droplets is called

A

emulsification

39
Q

-Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes produced by the

A

pancreas

40
Q

-The substrate for salivary amylase is

A

starch

41
Q

-The substrate for trypsin is

A

protein

42
Q

-The substrate for sucrase is _____, which is hydrolyzed into ______ and _______

A

sucrose; glucose; fructose

43
Q

-The last 20cm of the large intestine is called the

A

rectum

44
Q

-The prominent bands of smooth muscle running longitudinally along the large intestine are the

A

taeniae coli

45
Q

-The contents of the colon are moved quickly from the transverse colon into the rectum by a movement called

A

mass peristalsis

46
Q

-The layer of areolar connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is called the

A

lamina propria

47
Q

-Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called

A

ascites

48
Q

-The largest of the peritoneal folds that drapes over the transverse colon and small intestine is the

A

greater omentum

49
Q

-The salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears between the skin and masseter muscle are the

A

parotid glands

50
Q

-Teeth are composed primarily of a calcified connective tissue called

A

dentin

51
Q

-The act of swallowing is also called

A

deglutition

52
Q

-The condition in which the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus is known as a(n)

A

hiatal hernia

53
Q

-Chief cells of the stomach produce

A

pepsinogen

54
Q

-G cells of the stomach secrete

A

gastrin

55
Q

-Folds in the gastric mucosa are called

A

rugae

56
Q

-

the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct unite to form the

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

57
Q

-Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by the action of the enzyme

A

enterokinase

58
Q

-The right and left hepatic ducts are formed by the merging of smaller ducts called

A

bile canaliculi

59
Q

-The microscopic, finger-like projections of the apical membranes of absorptive cells in the small intestine are called

A

microvilli

60
Q

-A yellowish coloration of the sclerae and mucous membranes due to the buildup of bilirubin is called

A

jaundice

61
Q

-The feeding and satiety centers are located in the

A

hypothalamus

62
Q

-The term that refers to all the chemical reactions of the body is

A

metabloism

63
Q

-Those chemical reactions that break down molecules and release energy are collectively known as _______. Those that synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones are collectively known as ______.

A

catabolism, anabolism

64
Q

-The rate at which the resting, fasting body breaks down nutrients to liberate energy is called the

A

basal metabolic rate

65
Q

-Transfer of heat between objects without physical contact is called

A

radiation

66
Q

-Transfer of heat between solid objects in contact with each other is called

A

conduction

67
Q

-The fever producing substance is called a

A

pyrogen

68
Q

-The effect of ingested food on metabolic rate is called

A

specific dynamic action

69
Q

-The lowering of body temperature below thirty-five degrees Centigrade is called

A

hypothermia

70
Q

-Formation of ATP by transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate phosphorylated compound to ADP is called ________ phosphorylation

A

substate level

71
Q

-Formation of ATP via energy released during the reactions of the electron transport chain is called _______ phosphorylation

A

oxidative

72
Q

-The oxidation of glucose by cells is also called

A

cellular respiration

73
Q

-Glycolysis is the oxidation of glucose to

A

pyruvic acid

74
Q

-Loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide by a substance is called

A

decaboxylation

75
Q

-When acetyl CoA enters the Kreb’s cycle, the acetyl unit combines with _________to form ________

A

oxaloacetic acid, citric acid

76
Q

-During the Kreb’s cycle, two molecules of _____ are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation

A

GPT

77
Q

-The linking of ATP generation with the pumping of hydrogen ions across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called

A

chemiosmosis

78
Q

-Iron-containing proteins involved in the reactions of the electron transport chain are called

A

cytochromes

79
Q

-The complete aerobic oxidation of glucose yields _____ and ______

A

carbon dioxide, water

80
Q

-The theoretical maximum number of ATP molecules produced as a result of the aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule is

A

38

81
Q

-Glycogen is stored in the ______ and the _______

A

liver, skeletal muscle tissue

82
Q

-The process by which new glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources is called

A

gluconeogenesis

83
Q

-The process by which fatty acids are catabolized to two-carbon fragments is called

A

beta oxidation

84
Q

-Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are collectively known as

A

ketone bodies

85
Q

-Lipogenesis is stimulated by the hormone

A

insulin

86
Q

-During the deanimation of proteins, an amino group is removed and converted to _______, which is then converted to _____by the liver

A

ammonia, urea

87
Q

-During the postabsorptive state, blood glucose levels are normally maintained at _______per 100mL

A

70-110 mg

88
Q

-The breakdown of proteins, particularly in skeletal muscle fibbers, is stimulated primarily by the hormone

A

cortisol

89
Q

-The most abundant cation in the body is

A

calcium ion

90
Q

-The vitamin that is essential for the formation of photopigments is

A

vitamin A

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions