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Anatomy and Physiology > Final exam 101-200 > Flashcards

Final exam 101-200 Flashcards

1
Q

The type of membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior is a

A

serious membrane

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2
Q

The serious membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs is call

A

peridonium

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3
Q

________conduct nerve impulses away from thd cell bodies or neurons

A

axons

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4
Q

The type of cell in areolar connective tissue that produces histamine and heparin is the

A

mast cell

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5
Q

The type of tissue whose matrix normally contains large amounts of calcium salts is

A

osseous (bone) Tissue

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6
Q

The surface area of the apical surface of the epithelilal cell membranes is increased by the presence of

A

Microvilli

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7
Q

Goblet cell produce

A

mucus

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8
Q

The “gristle” covering the ends of the bones at joints is _____ cartilage

A

hyaline

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9
Q

Intervertebral disc and the menisci of the knee are made of

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

Electrical or chemical signals can pass from cell to cell via connections known as

A

gap junctions

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11
Q

The type of epithelium in which the cells may or may not reach the surface, and whose nuclei may lie at different levels giving the appearance of multiple layers is.

A

pseudostratified epithilium

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12
Q

Keratin may be present in ______ epithelium

A

simple epithelium

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13
Q

Glands in which secretory cells die as their product is discharged are

A

holocrine

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14
Q

The immature cells of each major type of connective tissue have names that end in the suffix

A

blast

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15
Q

The fibers of the connective tissue matrix are embedded in the amorphous

A

ground substance

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16
Q

The reticular connective tissue that forms the supporting framework for many soft organs is know as the

A

stroma

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17
Q

The basic unit of compact bone is

A

osteon

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18
Q

A type of tissue that is described as being striated and voluntary is

A

skeletal muscle tissue

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19
Q

Propulsion of food through the gastrointestinal tract and contraction of the urinary bladder are functions of

A

smooth muscle tissue

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20
Q

Cells that are the sturctural and functional units of the nervous system are called

A

neurons

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21
Q

Individuals who do not get enough exposure to sunlight or who do not consume enough fortified milk may develop a deficiency of vitamin

A

D

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22
Q

The red-brown black pigment in skin that absorbs UV light is

A

melanin

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23
Q

Most people who have albinism possess melanocytes, but lack the enzyme

A

tyrosenase

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24
Q

The deeper region of the dermis is the

A

reticular region

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25
Q

sweat gland found primarily in the skin of the axillae, pubic region, and areolae of the nipples are called

A

apocrine sweat glands

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26
Q

The most prevalent life threatening cancer among young women is

A

malignant melanoma

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27
Q

The single layer of continually reproducing cells in the epidermis is called

A

stratum basale

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28
Q

The most superficial layer of cells in the epidermis is called

A

stratum cornea

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29
Q

The protein the the outer layer of the epidermis that provides protection against mechanical injury, bacterial invasion and dehydration is

A

keratin

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30
Q

The region of the skin that is just deep to the stratum basale of the epidermis and that contains loops of capillaries is the

A

papillary region of the dermis

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31
Q

The reticular region of the dermis is attacHed to the underlying organs by the

A

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

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32
Q

The subcutaneous layer contains pressure sensitive nerve endings known as

A

lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles

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33
Q

Inability to synthesize the enzyme tyrosinase results in a condition known as

A

albinism

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34
Q

A yellow appearance of skin in the whites of the eyes due to a build up of biliruben is called

A

jaundice

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35
Q

Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow is called

A

erythema

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36
Q

Epidermal ridges conform to the contours of the underlying

A

dermal papillae

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37
Q

Hair, nails, and skin glands develop from

A

epidemus

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38
Q

The adult pattern hair growth is determined by

A

sex hormones (androgen and estrogen)

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39
Q

Mammary glands are ceruminous glands are modified

A

sudoriferous glands

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40
Q

Blackheads develop from chemical oxidation of accumulated

A

sedum

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41
Q

The secretion from skin that plays a small role in the elimination of wastes is

A

sweat

42
Q

The characteristic of epidermal cells that cause them to stop migrating during would healing once they are touch other epidermal cells on tall sides is called

A

contact inhibition

43
Q

The process of scar tissue formation is called

A

fibrosis

44
Q

When body temperature begins to fall, to prevent further heat loss vessels in the skin will

A

constrict

45
Q

In the negative feedback loop in which the intergumentary system helps regulate body temperature, the effectors are the _____ and the ______

A

sudoriferous glands; blood vessles

46
Q

Cells in the epidermis that work with a helper T cells to provide immunity are the

A

laugerhan cells

47
Q

formation of a blood clot, vasodilation of blood vessels, and increased permeability of blood vessels for deliver of phagocytes and mesenchyme is characteristic of the ______phase of deep would healing

A

inflamitory

48
Q

Filling of a wound with granulation tissue is a characteristic of the_______ phase if healing a wound.

A

migratory

49
Q

The more common type of sweat gland is the

A

eccrine sweat gland

50
Q

The type of tissue that forms the epidermis is

A

statified squamous epithelium

51
Q

The study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorders is known as

A

osteology

52
Q

The inner layer of the periostium is called the _____layer

A

osteogenic

53
Q

The membrane that lines the medullary cavity of the long bone is called the

A

endosteum

54
Q

Mature bone cells that are completly surrounded by matrix are called

A

osterocytes

55
Q

Bones that are less brittle than other calcium based products, such as oyster shells and egg shells, because they contain more of the protein ______

A

Collagen

56
Q

The channels in osteons that connect the lacunae with central canals are called

A

canaculi

57
Q

Areas between osteons are filled with ______lamellae

A

interstitial

58
Q

In intramembranious ossification, the highly vascularized mesenchyme on the outside of the new bone develops into the_______

A

periosteum

59
Q

Yellow bone marrow primarily of

A

adipose tissue

60
Q

The part of a long bone that is not covered by periosteum is covered by

A

articular cartilage

61
Q

Cells whose primary function is bone resorption are the

A

osteoclast

62
Q

About 50% of bone matrix consist of

A

mineral salts

63
Q

The external layer of all bones and the bulk of the diaphyses of the long bones is made up of_____

A

compact

64
Q

Blood vessels run longitudinally through compact bone in

A

central canal

65
Q

Thin plates of bone in spongy bone are called

A

trabecula

66
Q

The artery to the diaphyisis of a long bone is called the ____artery

A

nutrient

67
Q

The flat bones of the skull form by _____ ossification

A

intramembranous

68
Q

in endochondral ossification, the embryonic pattern for the bone is made up of

A

hyline cartilage

69
Q

Cells responsible for cartilage formation are called

A

chondroblast

70
Q

During endochondral ossification of the long bone, the primary ossification center forms in the

A

diaphysis

71
Q

A long bone increases in length due to the activity of the cartilage cells at the

A

epiphyseal

72
Q

human growth hormone is produced by the

A

anterior pituitary gland

73
Q

Bone constantly remodels and redistributes matrix along lines of

A

mechanical stress

74
Q

Hormones that are produced locally by bone and also by the liver that stimulate the uptake of amino acids and promote protein synthesis are

A

insulin like growth factors

75
Q

levels of calcium ion in the blood are increased by the effects of hormone

A

parathyroid hormone

76
Q

the blood clot that forms in and around the site of a bone fracture is call a

A

fracture hematoma

77
Q

A fracture in which the bone has splintered at the site of impact, leaving smaller fragments between the two main fragments is called

A

comminuted

78
Q

In the negative feedback loop that controls the release of parathyroid hormone, the control center is the

A

gene for PTH within the parathyroid

79
Q

A hormone whict inhibits the activity of the osteoclast and promotes deposition of calcium ions into the bones is

A

calcitonin

80
Q

inflammation of the bone marrow, caused by a pathogenic microorganism is called

A

osteomyelitis

81
Q

the optic foramina are found in the ______ bone

A

sphenoid

82
Q

the superior portion of the sternum is called the

A

manbruium

83
Q

there are ____bones in the axial division of the skeletal system and ____ bones in the appendicular division

A

80 and 126

84
Q

An immovable joint found only between the skull bones is called a

A

suture

85
Q

The suture located between the tow parietal bones is called the _____ suture

A

sagittal

86
Q

The suture located beween the parietal bones and the occipital bone is the ____suture

A

lambdoid

87
Q

the hard palate is formed by the _____ of the maxillae and the_____ of the palatine bones

A

palatine plates; horizontal plate

88
Q

The tooth sockets are called

A

alveoli

89
Q

The first cervical vertebrae is called the

A

atlas

90
Q

Spinal nerves pass through openings between the vertebrae called

A

Intervertebral foramina

91
Q

The atlas and the head rotate around the ____ and the_____

A

dens/axis

92
Q

The facets and demifacets on the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are the sites of articulation with the

A

heads of the ribs

93
Q

The sternal angle is formed by the junction of the ____ and the _____

A

mandubrum/body

94
Q

Ribs that attach anteriorly to the cartilage of other ribs are referred to as false ribs or ____ ribs

A

vertebronchondral

95
Q

An interverebral disc consists of the outer annulus fibrosis and the inner elastic structure called the _____

A

nucleus pulposus

96
Q

When an infant begins to hold it’s head up, it’s vertebral column begins to develop a _____curve

A

cervical

97
Q

The structures involved in hearing and equilibrium are housed in the ________ of the temporal bone.

A

petrous portion

98
Q

The foramen magnum is a large hole in the _____ bone

A

occipital

99
Q

The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone provides protection for the _____gland

A

pituitary

100
Q

the olfactory foramina are located in the _______ of the ethmoid bone.

A

cribriform plate

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

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