Final Exam Flashcards
Cephalic/Cranial
Head
Cervicle
neck
Thoracic
Chest region
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial Region
Shoulder to elbow
Carpal
Wrist
Tarsals
Ankle
Pollex
Thumb
hallux
Great toe
Pedal Region
Foot
Inguinal Region
Groin
Buccal Region
Cheek
Popliteal Region
Back of knee
Palmer Region
Palm of hand
Plantar Region
Bottom of foot
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Deep
Inside
Superficial
on skin
Anterior
front
Posterior
back
Distal
by wrist
Proximal
by shoulder
What are the bone marking categories?
Opening for Blood Vessels and Nerves
Joint Forming
Site for ligament and tendon attachment
Opening for Blood Vessels and Nerves:
o Foramen
o Groove (Sulcus)
Joint Forming:
o Head
o Condyle
o Facet
Site for ligament and tendon attachment:
o Epicondyle
o Tubercle and Tuberosity (Small, large)
o Spinous Process
What bones are in the axial and appendicular skeleton
- Axial Skeleton: Spine, Skull and Ribcage
- Appendicular Skeleton: Upper and Lower limbs
Hearing versus Balance
- Both have endolymph fluid that activates hair cells to convert to nerve impulses
- Hearing: Cochlear Nerve; Balance; Vestibular Nerve
- Both go to vestibulocochlear nerve
- Hearing and balance both need bony and membranous labyrinths
- Balance has vestibular complex
a. Vestibular complex: semi-circular canals and vestibules
Compare Pectoral and Pelvis Girdle
a. Pectoral: Clavicle and scapula
i. More flexible
b. Pelvis: Os Coxae (Ilium, Ishial, Pubis), Sacrum
i. More stable
Compare Glenohumeral versus Hip
a. Glenohumeral: shoulder, more mobile less stable
b. Hip: More stable less mobile, is deeper
Compare Elbow versus Knee
a. Only flex/extend
Compare Humerus versus femur:
a. Humerus: Has trochlea and capitulum; tubercules
b. Femur: Has patellar surface; trochanters
Compare Radius versus Fibula:
a. Lateral and Smaller
Compare Ulna versus Tibia
a. Medial and Larger
Serous Membranes: Pericardium
o Organ: Heart
o Layers: Visceral and Parietal Pericardium
Serous Membranes: Pleural
o Organ: Lungs
o Layers: Parietal Pleura
Serous Membranes: Peritoneum
o Organ: Abdomen
o Layers: Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum
Serous Membranes: Tunica Vignalis
o Organ: Male Reproductive
o Layers: Visceral and Parietal layer
Mesenteries in the female reproductive
Mesovarium: Ovaries
Mesosalpinx: Fallopian Tubes
Broad Ligaments: Uterus
Mesenteries in the abdomen
Mesentery proper: Small Intestines
Greater Omentum: Stomach
Mesocolon: Large intestine
Systemic Circulation
Systemic:
o Body Systems
o Blood starts at heart and moves to body then back to heart
Pulmonary circulation
Brings blood to lungs for gas exchange
Heart to lungs back to heart
Venus System
- Blood is carried to heart
- Typically deoxygenated
Arterial System
- Carries Blood away from heart
- Typically carries oxygenated blood
- Muscles in walls pump blood to organs against gravity
Light Pathway
Cornea
Pupil
Lens
Retina
Optic Nerve
Occipital Lobe
Respiratory Pathway
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Naso, Oro, Laryngo
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
1,2,3, Bronchioles
Alveoli
Capillaries
Hearing Pathway
Auricle
External Auditory Meatus
Tympanic Membrane
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Cochlea (becomes nerve impulse)
Cochlear Nerve
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Temporal
Urinary Pathway
Urine formed in Nephron
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Male:
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
Female Reproductive Pathway
Ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Male Reproductive
Testes
Tunica Vaginalis
Epididymis
Ductus Deference
Ejaculatory Duct
Urethra
Prostatic (Prostate gland adds mucin)
Membranous
Penile (Bulbourethral gland adds mucin)
Digestion Pathway
Mouth/Oro/laryngo pharynx
Esophagus
*Cardiac Sphincter
Stomach (Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus)
*Pyloric Sphincter
Small Intestine (D, J, I)
*Ileocecal valve
Large Intestine
Cecum, appendix, Ascending, Transverse,
Descending colon
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
Blood Through Heart
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semi Lunar Valve
Aorta
Body
Frontal Bone
- Unpaired
- Location: Anterior
- Special: helps to form orbit
Temporal Bone
- Paired
- Location: lateral
- Special: part of zygomatic arch (cheekbone); part of temporomandibular joint
Occipital Bone
- Unpaired
- Location: Posterior; base
- Special: has foramen magnum
Parietal Bone
- Paired
- Location: Superior; lateral
- Special: N/A
Ethmoid Bone
- Unpaired
- Location: Deep
- Special: Helps form orbit, nasal conchae, and nasal septum
Sphenoid Bone
- Unpaired
- Location: Deep
- Special: Helps form orbit; Articulates with all other cranial bones
What are the cranial bones
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Parietal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
What are the facial bones
- Manidble
- Maxillary
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Nasal
- Lacrimal
- Vomer
Mandible
- Unpaired
- Location: Jawbone
- Special: part of temporomandibular joint
Maxillary
- Paired
- Location: Central
- Special: Articulated with other facial bones but not the mandible; part of hard palate: anterior
Zygomatic
- Paired
- Location: Cheekbone
- Special: Part of zygomatic arch and orbit
Palatine
- Paired
- Location: Oral Cavity
- Special: Hard palate: Posterior
Nasal
- Paired
- Location: Bridge of nose
- Special: N/A
Lacrimal
- Paired
- Location: Medial orbit
- Special: Part of orbit; contains lacrimal fossa
Vomer
- Unpaired
- Location: Nasal cavity
- Special: helps form nasal septum
