Final Exam

Question 1

Category for conscious motor pathways

Answer 1

pyramidal pathways

Question 2

What motor tract controls the muscles of the body?

Answer 2

corticospinal tracts

Question 3

What motor tract controls the muscles of the head?

Answer 3

corticobulbar tracts

Question 4

What are the 2 corticospinal tracts?

Answer 4

Lateral corticospinal tract

Anterior corticospinal tract (decussate at lower motor neuron)

Question 5

Where are the upper motor neurons located for the pyramidal pathways?

Answer 5

pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex

Question 6

Where are the lower motor neurons located in the corticospinal tract?

Answer 6

ventral horn of the spinal cord

Question 7

Where are the lower motor neurons located in the corticobulbar tract?

Answer 7

motor nuclei within the brainstem for cranial nerves (3, 4,5,6, etc)

Question 8

Category for subconscious motor pathways

Answer 8

extrapyramidal pathways

Question 9

pathways that direct of modify skeletal muscle contraction by stimulating or inhibiting the lower motor neurons

Answer 9

extrapyramidal pathways

Question 10

What are the 4 subconscious tracts?

Answer 10

1. Vestibulospinal tract
2. Tectospinal tract
3. Rubrospinal tract
4. Reticulospinal tract

Question 11

the upper motor neurons for the extrapyramidal pathways are

Answer 11

different and their locations are indicated by part of their first name.

Question 12

Where is the upper motor neuron for the vestibulospinal tract located?

Answer 12

Vestibular nucleus of the medulla oblongata

Question 13

Where is the upper motor neuron for the tectospinal tract located?

Answer 13

tectum of the midbrain

Question 14

Where is the upper motor neuron for the rubrospinal tract located?

Answer 14

red nucleus of the midbrain

Question 15

Where is the upper motor neuron for the reticulospinal tract located?

Answer 15

reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata

Question 16

The pyramidal pathways are _____ and the extrapyramidal pathways are _____.

Answer 16

Voluntary; Involuntary

Question 17

Where do somatomotor pathways end?

Answer 17

skeletal muscle

Question 18

a tract that synapses on the lower motor neuron in the cranial nerves (facial)

Answer 18

corticospinal tracts

Question 19

a tract that forms the pyramids of the medulla and innervates most other consciously controlled skeletal muscles.

Answer 19

corticobulbar tract

Question 20

a tract that conducts motor impulses that regulate posture and body position in response to inner ear receptor input

Answer 20

vestibulospinal tract

Question 21

a tract that conducts impulses from the colliculi to move the head and upper limbs in response to visual and auditory stimuli

Answer 21

tectospinal tract

Question 22

a tract that conducts motor impulses to all skeletal muscles to maintain tone. Input from many areas

Answer 22

rubrospinal tract

Question 23

tract that has a large interconnected network with many functions, regulation of reflex activity

Answer 23

reticulospinal tract

Question 24

coordination of movements. Reads vestibular and proprioceptive input during a movement and makes adjustments based upon prior experience with in similar circumstances

Answer 24

cerebellar nuclei and tracts

Question 25

Motor pathways involve what type of neurons?

Answer 25

upper and lower motor neurons

Question 26

upper motor neurons of the _____ synapse on the same lower motor neurons of the pyramidal system (Final Common Pathway).

Answer 26

extrapyramidal

Question 27

upper motor neurons are found in _____.

Answer 27

many regions of the brain

Question 28

75%-90% of decussation happens where?

Answer 28

pyramids of the medulla

Question 29

For extrapyramidal pathways, the upper motor neuron is located in ______ and the lower motor neuron is located in the _____.

Answer 29

brainstem; spinal cord

Question 30

Vestibulospinal tract:

Question 31

Tectospinal tract:

Question 32

Rubrospinal tract:

Question 33

Reticulospinal tract:

Question 34

What tracts are in the anterior white column?

Answer 34

vestibulospinal tract
tectospinal tract
reticulospinal tract

Question 35

What tracts are in the lateral white column?

Answer 35

rubrospinal tract