Final Exam Flashcards
Category for conscious motor pathways
pyramidal pathways
What motor tract controls the muscles of the body?
corticospinal tracts
What motor tract controls the muscles of the head?
corticobulbar tracts
What are the 2 corticospinal tracts?
Lateral corticospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract (decussate at lower motor neuron)
Where are the upper motor neurons located for the pyramidal pathways?
pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex
Where are the lower motor neurons located in the corticospinal tract?
ventral horn of the spinal cord
Where are the lower motor neurons located in the corticobulbar tract?
motor nuclei within the brainstem for cranial nerves (3, 4,5,6, etc)
Category for subconscious motor pathways
extrapyramidal pathways
pathways that direct of modify skeletal muscle contraction by stimulating or inhibiting the lower motor neurons
extrapyramidal pathways
What are the 4 subconscious tracts?
- Vestibulospinal tract
- Tectospinal tract
- Rubrospinal tract
- Reticulospinal tract
the upper motor neurons for the extrapyramidal pathways are
different and their locations are indicated by part of their first name.
Where is the upper motor neuron for the vestibulospinal tract located?
Vestibular nucleus of the medulla oblongata
Where is the upper motor neuron for the tectospinal tract located?
tectum of the midbrain
Where is the upper motor neuron for the rubrospinal tract located?
red nucleus of the midbrain
Where is the upper motor neuron for the reticulospinal tract located?
reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata
The pyramidal pathways are _____ and the extrapyramidal pathways are _____.
Voluntary; Involuntary
Where do somatomotor pathways end?
skeletal muscle
a tract that synapses on the lower motor neuron in the cranial nerves (facial)
corticospinal tracts
a tract that forms the pyramids of the medulla and innervates most other consciously controlled skeletal muscles.
corticobulbar tract
a tract that conducts motor impulses that regulate posture and body position in response to inner ear receptor input
vestibulospinal tract
a tract that conducts impulses from the colliculi to move the head and upper limbs in response to visual and auditory stimuli
tectospinal tract
a tract that conducts motor impulses to all skeletal muscles to maintain tone. Input from many areas
rubrospinal tract
tract that has a large interconnected network with many functions, regulation of reflex activity
reticulospinal tract
coordination of movements. Reads vestibular and proprioceptive input during a movement and makes adjustments based upon prior experience with in similar circumstances
cerebellar nuclei and tracts
Motor pathways involve what type of neurons?
upper and lower motor neurons
upper motor neurons of the _____ synapse on the same lower motor neurons of the pyramidal system (Final Common Pathway).
extrapyramidal
upper motor neurons are found in _____.
many regions of the brain
75%-90% of decussation happens where?
pyramids of the medulla
For extrapyramidal pathways, the upper motor neuron is located in ______ and the lower motor neuron is located in the _____.
brainstem; spinal cord
Vestibulospinal tract:
Tectospinal tract:
Rubrospinal tract:
Reticulospinal tract:
What tracts are in the anterior white column?
vestibulospinal tract
tectospinal tract
reticulospinal tract
What tracts are in the lateral white column?
rubrospinal tract
