Exam 2 Flashcards by Mykia Woolridge

supply with nerves

innervate

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supply with blood

perfuse

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Regions of the spinal cord:

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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includes all neural structures contained within the vertebrae
* Spinal cord
* Dorsal and ventral roots
* Spinal nerves
* Meninges

spinal region

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Cervical spinal nerves

c1-c8

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Thoracic spinal nerves

T1-T12

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Lumbar spinal nerves

L1-L5

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Sacral spinal nerves

S1-S5

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Coccygeal spinal nerves

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How many spinal nerves are there?

31 spinal nerves

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Where do spinal nerves exit?

between their same number of vertebrae

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Vertebrae:

C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
C1-3

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Segments of the spinal nerves

Each segment of the cord is connected to a specific region of the body by axons traveling through a pair of spinal nerves.

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Connections of nerve rootlets to the exterior of the cord indicate

segments

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carry all motor and sensory axons of a single spinal segment.

spinal nerves

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In the cervical region, spinal nerves are found above the corresponding vertebrae except

the eighth spinal nerve
In the remainder of the cord, spinal nerves lie below the corresponding vertebrae

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process sensory information

dorsal horn

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processes autonomic information

lateral horn

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processes motor information

ventral horn

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region of neural tissue where neuron cell bodies are concentrated

gray matter

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region of neural tissue where bundles of myelinated axons are concentrated

white matter

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Sensations from skin:

touch
pressure
pain
touch

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Sensations from muscles, tendons, and joints:

proprioception

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where the axons from a sensory neuron and motor neuron come together

spinal nerve

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central process and peripheral process make the

dorsal root ganglion

Is there a such thing as a ventral root ganglion?

spinal nerve

mixed nerve

every spinal nerve has a dorsal (sensory) root and a ventral (motor) root

Yes (mixed nerve)

What does the spinal nerve consist of?

mixed nerves (motor & sensory)

why do axons segregate?

so information can go to the part of the body that it needs to go to

Ventral Ramus

information goes to lateral and anterior receptors and skeletal muscles

Dorsal Ramus

sensory to the skin posterior trunk and motor to a portion of the erector spinae muscles

Ventral Rami:

typical spinal nerve atypical spinal nerve (plexus)

Typical spinal nerves

T1-T12

Atypical spinal nerves

plexuses are formed by what

ventral rami

Trace the path of the nerve coming off the signal nerve

how many ribs are in the thoracic rib cage

what does the spinal nerve segregate into

dorsal and ventral ramus

What are sensory nerves to the skin called?

cutaneous nerve

medial and lateral cutaneous nerve

Dorsal Ramus Pathway

Ventral ramus Pathway

1. around the thoracic cavity (intercostal muscles) 2. sensory nerves go to the lateral cutaneous nerve 3. anterior/posterior branches of cutaneous nerves

The dorsal horn and ventral horn are

somas (gray matter)

sensations that happen in a particular part of the body

special sensations

5 Special Senses:

Smell (olfaction) Taste (gustation) Hearing (audition) Balance (vestibular) Seeing (Vision)

sensations that happens all over the body

general sensations

General sensations:

Touch Pressure Pain Temperature Proprioception

if sensations end in either the primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) of cerebral hemispheres they are

conscious

if sensations end in the appropriate areas of the cerebellar hemispheres they are

subconscious

Gray matter structures in the spinal cord

Dorsal horn Ventral horn Lateral horn

A horn in the spine that has sensory neurons

Dorsal horn

The thalamus is always on what side of the body

contralateral

first-order neurons are

unipolar

What do second-order neurons do?

decussate

All nerves are

peripheral nerves

Where are the cell bodies?

dorsal root ganglion

Where do the 2nd ordered neuron synapse

spinal cord or medulla

Lesion of the dorsal column causes what?

loss of proprioception

sensory ataxia

immune disorder from lesion to the dorsal column

multiple sclerosis

Damage to fasciculus cuneatus of the cervical spinal cord

Loss of proprioception in hands and fingers

Astereognosis

Lesion of the spinothalamic tract causes what?

Syringomyelia

enlarged central canal of spinal cord

Syringomyelia

the true limb consists of

upper arm, forearm, and

ulnar nerve goes to the

hand

radial nerve goes to the

whole posterior arm

What blood vessel emerged from the inter-scalene triangle

subclavian

what vessel do the subclavian artery turn into?

Axillary artery

3 nerves that form the "M" to start the brachial plexus

musculocutaneous nerve median nerve ulnar nerve

2 terminal branches that come off the posterior cord

radial axillary

nerve that innervates the anterior upper arm

musculocutaneous nerve

the nerve that innervates the forearm

median nerve

nerve that innervates the anterior palm

ulnar nerve

nerve that innervates the posterior whole true limb (upper arm, forearm, and hand)

radial nerve

Name the terminal branches/mixed?

musculocutaneous nerve median nerve ulnar nerve axillary nerve radial nerve

The more _____the limb, the higher up (C1). The more _____ on the limb the lower.

proximal, distal

The brachial plexus emerges with what vessel

subclavian

Somatosensory Pathways:

*Ascending pathways *Sensations from the head, neck, body wall, and limbs brought to the CNS *

Sensory pathways are what

conscious and subconscious (sub means below)