Exam 2 Flashcards
supply with nerves
innervate
supply with blood
perfuse
Regions of the spinal cord:
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
includes all neural structures contained within the vertebrae
* Spinal cord
* Dorsal and ventral roots
* Spinal nerves
* Meninges
spinal region
Cervical spinal nerves
c1-c8
Thoracic spinal nerves
T1-T12
Lumbar spinal nerves
L1-L5
Sacral spinal nerves
S1-S5
Coccygeal spinal nerves
C1
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 spinal nerves
Where do spinal nerves exit?
between their same number of vertebrae
Vertebrae:
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
C1-3
Segments of the spinal nerves
Each segment of the cord is connected to a specific region of the body by axons traveling through a pair of spinal nerves.
Connections of nerve rootlets to the exterior of the cord indicate
segments
carry all motor and sensory axons of a single spinal segment.
spinal nerves
In the cervical region, spinal nerves are found above the corresponding vertebrae except
the eighth spinal nerve
In the remainder of the cord, spinal nerves lie below the corresponding vertebrae
process sensory information
dorsal horn
processes autonomic information
lateral horn
processes motor information
ventral horn
region of neural tissue where neuron cell bodies are concentrated
gray matter
region of neural tissue where bundles of myelinated axons are concentrated
white matter
Sensations from skin:
touch
pressure
pain
touch
Sensations from muscles, tendons, and joints:
proprioception
where the axons from a sensory neuron and motor neuron come together
spinal nerve
central process and peripheral process make the
dorsal root ganglion
Is there a such thing as a ventral root ganglion?
No
spinal nerve
mixed nerve
every spinal nerve has a dorsal (sensory) root and a ventral (motor) root
Yes (mixed nerve)
What does the spinal nerve consist of?
mixed nerves (motor & sensory)
why do axons segregate?
so information can go to the part of the body that it needs to go to
Ventral Ramus
information goes to lateral and anterior receptors and skeletal muscles
Dorsal Ramus
sensory to the skin posterior trunk and motor to a portion of the erector spinae muscles
Ventral Rami:
typical spinal nerve
atypical spinal nerve (plexus)
Typical spinal nerves
T1-T12
Atypical spinal nerves
plexuses are formed by what
ventral rami
Trace the path of the nerve coming off the signal nerve
how many ribs are in the thoracic rib cage
12
what does the spinal nerve segregate into
dorsal and ventral ramus
What are sensory nerves to the skin called?
cutaneous nerve
medial and lateral cutaneous nerve
Dorsal Ramus Pathway
Ventral ramus Pathway
- around the thoracic cavity (intercostal muscles)
- sensory nerves go to the lateral cutaneous nerve
- anterior/posterior branches of cutaneous nerves
The dorsal horn and ventral horn are
somas (gray matter)
sensations that happen in a particular part of the body
special sensations
5 Special Senses:
Smell (olfaction)
Taste (gustation)
Hearing (audition)
Balance (vestibular)
Seeing (Vision)
sensations that happens all over the body
general sensations
General sensations:
Touch
Pressure
Pain
Temperature
Proprioception
if sensations end in either the primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) of cerebral hemispheres they are
conscious
if sensations end in the appropriate areas of the cerebellar hemispheres they are
subconscious
Gray matter structures in the spinal cord
Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn
A horn in the spine that has sensory neurons
Dorsal horn
The thalamus is always on what side of the body
contralateral
first-order neurons are
unipolar
What do second-order neurons do?
decussate
All nerves are
peripheral nerves
Where are the cell bodies?
dorsal root ganglion
Where do the 2nd ordered neuron synapse
spinal cord or medulla
Lesion of the dorsal column causes what?
loss of proprioception
loss of proprioception
sensory ataxia
immune disorder from lesion to the dorsal column
multiple sclerosis
Damage to fasciculus cuneatus of the cervical spinal cord
Loss of proprioception in hands and fingers
Loss of proprioception in hands and fingers
Astereognosis
Lesion of the spinothalamic tract causes what?
Syringomyelia
enlarged central canal of spinal cord
Syringomyelia
the true limb consists of
upper arm, forearm, and
ulnar nerve goes to the
hand
radial nerve goes to the
whole posterior arm
What blood vessel emerged from the inter-scalene triangle
subclavian
what vessel do the subclavian artery turn into?
Axillary artery
3 nerves that form the “M” to start the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
2 terminal branches that come off the posterior cord
radial
axillary
nerve that innervates the anterior upper arm
musculocutaneous nerve
the nerve that innervates the forearm
median nerve
nerve that innervates the anterior palm
ulnar nerve
nerve that innervates the posterior whole true limb (upper arm, forearm, and hand)
radial nerve
Name the terminal branches/mixed?
musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
axillary nerve
radial nerve
The more _____the limb, the higher up (C1). The more _____ on the limb the lower.
proximal, distal
The brachial plexus emerges with what vessel
subclavian
Somatosensory Pathways:
*Ascending pathways
*Sensations from the head, neck, body wall, and limbs brought to the CNS
*
Sensory pathways are what
conscious and subconscious (sub means below)
