Exam 1 questions and answers

Question 1

What germ layer is nervous tissue derived from?

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

neurons that develop in the dorsal region (plate) of the neural tube become

Answer 2

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 3

Which of the following compares a brain structure with its developmental source?

Answer 3

forebrain, prosencephalon, hypothalamus

Question 4

The central nervous system is most susceptible to major malformation during which one of the following periods?

Answer 4

weeks 1 to 4

Question 5

The spinal cord receives most of its blood supply from the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. Therefore, which of the following arterial branches are involved?

Answer 5

vertebral and subclavian

Question 6

The middle cerebral artery arises from the ______ and supplies the ______?

Answer 6

internal carotid arteries, lateral cerebral hemispheres, and internal capsule, putamen, and caudate nucleus

Question 7

Which of the following arteries are a part of the circle of Willis?

Answer 7

anterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 8

Which of the following correctly pairs a cerebral structure with its function?

Answer 8

internal capsule; cortical communication

Question 9

What are the cerebral hemispheres divided by?

Answer 9

longitudinal fissure

Question 10

Which statement is true for the dorsal root ganglion cells?

Answer 10

they are neural crest derivatives

Question 11

What plane divides a structure into superior and inferior hemispheres

Answer 11

horizontal

Question 12

_____ axons carry info from the peripheral receptors toward the central nervous system; _____axons carry info away from the central nervous system.

Answer 12

afferent; efferent

Question 13

Which of the following neuron structures is specialized for receiving synaptic input from other neurons?

Answer 13

postsynaptic membranes and dendrites

Question 14

Which of the following is a structural part of a neuron that releases a neurotransmitter?

Answer 14

presynaptic terminal

Question 15

Pseudounipolar/unipolar cells

Answer 15

have two axon extensions

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the primary components of a neuron?

Answer 16

synaptic cleft

Question 17

Which of the following receptors is not considered a proprioception?

Answer 17

nociceptor

Question 18

A _____ is a non-neuronal cell that provides support for neurons.

Answer 18

neuroglial cell

Question 19

The myelin sheath of sensory nerves is formed by

Answer 19

Schwann cells

Question 20

the voltage difference across a neuron’s cell membrane, maintained by an unequal distribution of ions, during an inactive period

Answer 20

resting membrane potential

Question 21

the membrane potential becomes less negative than the resting membrane potential and closer to reaching the threshold.

Answer 21

depolarization

Question 22

Which of the following are considered to be projection fibers?

Answer 22

internal capsule

Question 23

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 23

performs none of the above

Question 24

categorizing and discerning sounds as language, music, or noise occurs in

Answer 24

auditory association cortex

Question 25

planning of voluntary movement, orientation, and sequential movements are influenced by

Answer 25

motor association area

Question 26

responsible for the regulation of fluid balance, eating and reproductive behaviors, fight or flight, and maintaining homeostasis

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

Which subcortical white matter fibers create the corpus callosum?

Answer 27

commissural fibers

Question 28

provides the coordination of speech vocalization

Answer 28

Broca's area

Question 29

the inability to understand written or spoken language, including the inability to read and write and produce meaningful language, despite the ability to produce fluent speech sounds

Answer 29

Wernicke's area

Question 30

A lack of this neurotransmitter in the basal nuclei is associated with Parkinson's disease

Answer 30

dopamine

Question 31

A lesion in the cerebral cortex might result in

Answer 31

motor deficits sensory deficits intellectual impairment bizarre behavior in thought patterns

Question 32

The peripheral nervous system includes

Answer 32

nerves sensory receptors spinal ganglia

Question 33

The cell bodies of the neurons that innovate muscles would be found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. (T or F)

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Regions of the nervous tissue are relatively enriched in nerve cell bodies are referred to as gray matter

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve is known as the cutaneous nerve

Answer 35

False

Question 36

The larger the diameter of an axon the faster it conducts an impulse

Answer 36

True

Question 37

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Groups of neuron cell bodies located in the brain are referred to as ganglia

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Myelinated fiber bundles from the spinal cord connected to skeletal muscles are referred to as motor nerves

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The cellular layer where the neurons first appear and differentiate in the developing nervous system is called

Answer 40

mantle layer

Question 41

The basal plates of the developing spinal cord form the entire _____ in the adult spinal cord.

Answer 41

ventral horn

Question 42

In the adult spinal cord the marginal layer forms the

Answer 42

white matter

Question 43

The alar plates form the entire _____ in the adult spinal cord.

Answer 43

dorsal horn

Question 44

The word used to describe the length of the developing central nervous system is

Answer 44

neuraxis

Question 45

Which of the following is one of the secondary brain vesicles that appears during weeks 6-7 of development?

Answer 45

telencephalon

Question 46

The central cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the following structure in the adult

Answer 46

brain ventricles

Question 47

the formation and closure of the neural tube is referred to as

Answer 47

neuralation

Question 48

Cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system generally occur in clusters called

Answer 48

ganglia

Question 49

The cerebrum arises from the

Answer 49

prosencephalon

Question 50

Following the differentiation of the embryonic primary brain vesicles, how many secondary brain vesicles result from differentiation?

Answer 50

five