Exam 1 questions and answers Flashcards
What germ layer is nervous tissue derived from?
ectoderm
neurons that develop in the dorsal region (plate) of the neural tube become
cell bodies of sensory neurons
Which of the following compares a brain structure with its developmental source?
forebrain, prosencephalon, hypothalamus
The central nervous system is most susceptible to major malformation during which one of the following periods?
weeks 1 to 4
The spinal cord receives most of its blood supply from the anterior and posterior spinal arteries. Therefore, which of the following arterial branches are involved?
vertebral and subclavian
The middle cerebral artery arises from the ______ and supplies the ______?
internal carotid arteries, lateral cerebral hemispheres, and internal capsule, putamen, and caudate nucleus
Which of the following arteries are a part of the circle of Willis?
anterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries
Which of the following correctly pairs a cerebral structure with its function?
internal capsule; cortical communication
What are the cerebral hemispheres divided by?
longitudinal fissure
Which statement is true for the dorsal root ganglion cells?
they are neural crest derivatives
What plane divides a structure into superior and inferior hemispheres
horizontal
_____ axons carry info from the peripheral receptors toward the central nervous system; _____axons carry info away from the central nervous system.
afferent; efferent
Which of the following neuron structures is specialized for receiving synaptic input from other neurons?
postsynaptic membranes and dendrites
Which of the following is a structural part of a neuron that releases a neurotransmitter?
presynaptic terminal
Pseudounipolar/unipolar cells
have two axon extensions
Which of the following is not one of the primary components of a neuron?
synaptic cleft
Which of the following receptors is not considered a proprioception?
nociceptor
A _____ is a non-neuronal cell that provides support for neurons.
neuroglial cell
The myelin sheath of sensory nerves is formed by
Schwann cells
the voltage difference across a neuron’s cell membrane, maintained by an unequal distribution of ions, during an inactive period
resting membrane potential
the membrane potential becomes less negative than the resting membrane potential and closer to reaching the threshold.
depolarization
Which of the following are considered to be projection fibers?
internal capsule
primary somatosensory cortex
performs none of the above
categorizing and discerning sounds as language, music, or noise occurs in
auditory association cortex
planning of voluntary movement, orientation, and sequential movements are influenced by
motor association area
responsible for the regulation of fluid balance, eating and reproductive behaviors, fight or flight, and maintaining homeostasis
hypothalamus
Which subcortical white matter fibers create the corpus callosum?
commissural fibers
provides the coordination of speech vocalization
Broca’s area
the inability to understand written or spoken language, including the inability to read and write and produce meaningful language, despite the ability to produce fluent speech sounds
Wernicke’s area
A lack of this neurotransmitter in the basal nuclei is associated with Parkinson’s disease
dopamine
A lesion in the cerebral cortex might result in
motor deficits
sensory deficits
intellectual impairment
bizarre behavior in thought patterns
The peripheral nervous system includes
nerves
sensory receptors
spinal ganglia
The cell bodies of the neurons that innovate muscles would be found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. (T or F)
False
Regions of the nervous tissue are relatively enriched in nerve cell bodies are referred to as gray matter
True
The area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve is known as the cutaneous nerve
False
The larger the diameter of an axon the faster it conducts an impulse
True
All spinal nerves are mixed nerves
True
Groups of neuron cell bodies located in the brain are referred to as ganglia
False
Myelinated fiber bundles from the spinal cord connected to skeletal muscles are referred to as motor nerves
True
The cellular layer where the neurons first appear and differentiate in the developing nervous system is called
mantle layer
The basal plates of the developing spinal cord form the entire _____ in the adult spinal cord.
ventral horn
In the adult spinal cord the marginal layer forms the
white matter
The alar plates form the entire _____ in the adult spinal cord.
dorsal horn
The word used to describe the length of the developing central nervous system is
neuraxis
Which of the following is one of the secondary brain vesicles that appears during weeks 6-7 of development?
telencephalon
The central cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the following structure in the adult
brain ventricles
the formation and closure of the neural tube is referred to as
neuralation
Cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system generally occur in clusters called
ganglia
The cerebrum arises from the
prosencephalon
Following the differentiation of the embryonic primary brain vesicles, how many secondary brain vesicles result from differentiation?
five
