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Microbio > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification

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2
Q

Microorganisms include:

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Helminths (parasitic worms)
Alae

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3
Q

Prokaryotes are

A

Pre-nucleus, simple cell

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4
Q

Eukaryotes are

A

True Nucleus, complex cell

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5
Q

What are acellular (non-living) parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein

A

Viruses

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6
Q

Name some general characteristics about bacteria

A

Prokaryotes (pre nucleus, simple cell)
Single celled
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Divide via binary fission
Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic chemicals (or photosynthesis)

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7
Q

Name some general characteristics of Archaea

A

Prokaryotes (pre nucleus, simple cell)
Lack peptidoglycan cell walls but instead have pseudomurein)
Often live in extreme environments that include:
Methanogens
Extreme halophiles
Extreme thermophiles

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8
Q

Name some general characteristics of viruses

A

Acellular
Consist of DNA or RNA
Coating can be enclosed in a lipid envelope
Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
Inert outside of living hosts

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9
Q

Name some general characteristics about fungi

A

Eukaryotes
Chitin cell walls
Absorb organic chemicals for energy
Yeast = unicellular
Molds + mushrooms = multicellular

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10
Q

Name some general characteristics of algae

A

Eukaryotes
Cellulose cell walls
Found in freshwater, salt water, and soil
uses photosynthesis for energy produces oxygen and carbohydrates

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11
Q

Name some general characteristics about protozoa

A

Eukaryotes
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
Free living or parasitic

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12
Q

Lived fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material is called

A

photosynthesis

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13
Q

Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds is

A

Decomposition

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14
Q

Production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms

A

Biotechnology

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15
Q

Manipulating the genes of or organisms to make new products

A

Genetic engineering

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16
Q

Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem

A

Bioremediation

17
Q

What lives on or in the body of another organism called the host, damaging it

A

Parasite

18
Q

What are microbes that do harm

A

Pathogens

19
Q

What is the now-disproven but early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces, present in nonliving or decomposing matter

A

Spontaneous generation

20
Q

Who disproved spontaneous generation and proved the theory of biogenesis

A

Louis Pasteur

21
Q

Who was the dutch linen merchant who invested a single-lens microscope (of 300x) to be the first to observe living microbes

A

Antonne Van Leeuwenhoek

22
Q

Who demonstrated the presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes

A

John Turdall and Ferinard Cohn

23
Q

What requires the elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses

A

Sterility

24
Q

Who observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth at hospitals

A

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

25
Q

Who correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward

A

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

26
Q

Who introduced aseptic techniques

A

Joseph Lister

27
Q

Who were the major contributors of the germ theory of disease?

A

Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch

28
Q

Who developed pasteurization and showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage

A

Louis Pasteur

29
Q

Who pure developed pure culture methods, identified cause of Anthrax, TB, and cholera, and developed a sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory?

A

Robert Koch

30
Q

What is the organizing, classification, and naming living things?

A

Taxonomy

31
Q
A

Microbio (5 decks)

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