Final Exam Flashcards
What is microbiology?
The study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification
Microorganisms include:
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Helminths (parasitic worms)
Alae
Prokaryotes are
Pre-nucleus, simple cell
Eukaryotes are
True Nucleus, complex cell
What are acellular (non-living) parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein
Viruses
Name some general characteristics about bacteria
Prokaryotes (pre nucleus, simple cell)
Single celled
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Divide via binary fission
Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic chemicals (or photosynthesis)
Name some general characteristics of Archaea
Prokaryotes (pre nucleus, simple cell)
Lack peptidoglycan cell walls but instead have pseudomurein)
Often live in extreme environments that include:
Methanogens
Extreme halophiles
Extreme thermophiles
Name some general characteristics of viruses
Acellular
Consist of DNA or RNA
Coating can be enclosed in a lipid envelope
Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
Inert outside of living hosts
Name some general characteristics about fungi
Eukaryotes
Chitin cell walls
Absorb organic chemicals for energy
Yeast = unicellular
Molds + mushrooms = multicellular
Name some general characteristics of algae
Eukaryotes
Cellulose cell walls
Found in freshwater, salt water, and soil
uses photosynthesis for energy produces oxygen and carbohydrates
Name some general characteristics about protozoa
Eukaryotes
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
Free living or parasitic
Lived fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material is called
photosynthesis
Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds is
Decomposition
Production of foods, drugs, and vaccines using living organisms
Biotechnology
Manipulating the genes of or organisms to make new products
Genetic engineering
Using living organisms to remedy an environmental problem
Bioremediation
What lives on or in the body of another organism called the host, damaging it
Parasite
What are microbes that do harm
Pathogens
What is the now-disproven but early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces, present in nonliving or decomposing matter
Spontaneous generation
Who disproved spontaneous generation and proved the theory of biogenesis
Louis Pasteur
Who was the dutch linen merchant who invested a single-lens microscope (of 300x) to be the first to observe living microbes
Antonne Van Leeuwenhoek
Who demonstrated the presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes
John Turdall and Ferinard Cohn
What requires the elimination of all life forms including endospores and viruses
Sterility
Who observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth at hospitals
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
Who correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
Who introduced aseptic techniques
Joseph Lister
Who were the major contributors of the germ theory of disease?
Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch
Who developed pasteurization and showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage
Louis Pasteur
Who pure developed pure culture methods, identified cause of Anthrax, TB, and cholera, and developed a sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory?
Robert Koch
What is the organizing, classification, and naming living things?
Taxonomy
