Final Exam Flashcards
T or F: The most palatable feeds available will be used for the high-producing dairy cow in order to achieve high feed intake along with high production
True
T or F: A good source of protein in swine and poultry diets is urea
False
T or F: A feed with about the same feeding value as soybean meal for beef cattle is cottonseed meal
True
T or F: Without microbes in the rumen, ruminants could not digest hay and other feeds containing cellulose any better than we can.
True
T or F: Corn and other grains are fed primarily for the protein content
False
T or F: A good substitute for corn with about the same feeding value is grain sorghum (milo)
True
T or F: Lignin is completely indigestible, increases in a plant as it matures, and decreases the feeding value
True
T or F: A balance of amino acids in the protein of the ration is more important to the horses than it is to the cow
True
A big difference between ruminants and nonruminants is that ruminants rely on _______ much more for their source of energy
Volatiles Fatty Acids (VFAs)
Crude protein is determined by
Multiplying the % nitrogen by 6.25
A polyunsaturated fatty acid has (think about carbons and hydrogens)
Double bonds between carbons and less hydrogens than it could have
Excess protein in the diet
Is broken down and used for energy
What could result from limiting water to livestock
Poor growth, poor feed intake, increased body temp, and death
The difference between starch and cellulose is
Both are composed of glucose, and in starch, the glucose are connected with alpha bonds, whereas and cellulose, the glucose are connected with beta bonds.
What energy value best represents what an animal can actually use for productive purposes?
Net Energy
Which vitamin is not needed in the diet of any farm animals, but is needed in the diet of humans to prevent scurvy
Vitamin C
What substance emulsifies fat
Bile
What enzymes digest carbohydrates
Amylase
What substance digests fats from triglycerides to free fatty acids
Lipase
What is the end product of rumen fermentation of carbohydrates?
VFAs
Which amino acid is required and contains sulfur
Methionine
Which great person of the past provided his insight to investigate nutrition by feeding simplified diets, containing only corn and corn plant, or only wheat and wheat plant, or only oats and oat plant, which showed corn-fed cows performed better, and led to the astounding discovery of whole class nutrients, the vitamins, that were previously unknown?
Dr. Stephen Babcock
The reason B vitamins are not added routinely to beef cattle diets is that
Beef cattle are provided with the B vitamins naturally through the bacterial fermentation that takes place in their rumen
Water plays an essential role in
Maintaining body temperature
Many of the chemical reactions in the body
A symptom of low calcium in the blood of cows following calving:
Milk Fever
The symptom of a zinc deficiency include
Parakeratosis
The symptoms of an iodine deficiency include
Goiter
Which of the following not a monosaccharide
Sucrose (disaccharides)
Which of the following is blood sugar
Glucose
Which of the following is table sugar
Sucrose
Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid
Pantothenic acid
Which of the following is the main storage fatty acid in beef fat
Stearic acid
Which has the highest need for protein in the diet?
Dairy cow producing 80 pounds of milk per day
Table sugar is
A disaccharides composed of glucose and fructose
Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 essential amino acids for the rat and pigs
Thiamine
One difference between rations of poultry versus rations for pigs is that (think about essential amino acids)
Methionine, chicken needs more
Which nutrient corresponds to (is the same as or made from ) 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
Vitamin D
Which nutrients corresponds to retinol
Vitamin A
Which nutrients corresponds to menadione and phylloquinone
Vitamin K
Which nutrients corresponds to ascorbic acid
Vitamin C
Which nutrients corresponds to cyanocobalamin
B12
Which nutrients corresponds to D-Alpha-tocopherol
Vitamin E
Which nutrients corresponds to carotene
Vitamin A
Which nutrient can be formed in the skin when exposed to sunlight
Vitamin D
Helped open the modern of nutrition by proposing a single plant feeding experiment
Stephen Babcock
Early observation published on nutritional physiology by collaborate with St. Alexio Martin
William Beaumont
The very first nutritional experiment recorded
Daniel
French scientist during the Age of Enlightenment, credited as being the Father of Nutrition. Credited with recognizing “Life is a chemical process”
Antoine Lavoisier
Observe sailors with scurvy; they were healed with citrus juice
Dr. James Lind
What fungus produces a deadly carcinogenic mycotoxin
Aspergillus flavus
What is the NAME of the deadly carcinogenic mycotoxin
Aflatoxin
What ORGANISM produces the mycotoxin that especially kills horses
Fusarium Moniliforme
What is the NAME of the mycotoxin that especially kills horses
Fumonison
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that has a very strong feed refusal effects on pigs
Deoxynivalenol
What ORGANISM produces a toxin that has very strong feed refusal effects on pigs?
Fusarium Roseum (GIB)
What is the NAME of a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity
Zearalenone
What is the name of the organism that produces a mycotoxin that has estrogenic activity
Fusarium Roseum (GIB)
What are carbohydrates made of
Simple Sugar
What nutrient would you supplement to prevent night blindness, keratomalacia, poor reproduction, increased incidence of infection, and integrity of epithelial tissues everywhere
Vitamin A
Which nutrient would you supplement to prevent encephalomalacia in birds, stiff lamb disease, white muscles disease, mulberry heat disease, degenerating livers in pigs and peroxidation of tissues by free-radicals in generals?
Vitamin E
T or F: Carbohydrates are made of C, H, O, just like fats, but they have much less oxygen than fats
False
T or F: glucose is a polysaccharides
False
Proteins are analyzed by determining the amount of what present
Nitrogen
Triglycerides are composed of
One glycerol, 3 fatty acids
Proteins are essential in the diet to supply
Amino Acids
The fat soluble vitamins are
A, D, E, K
T or F: Fat soluble vitamins are needed in large quantity for energy
False
The 2 minerals making up most of the bones are
Calcium, Phosphorus
Generally, the fat soluble vitamins are used for
Maintaining body structures
For which animal is it legal to use BST and for what purpose
Dairy cows to increase milk production
The abbreviation DIP and UIP refers to
Protein that is and is not available to the microbes in the rumen
The main nutritional benefits to feeding corn to animal is to provide
Energy
Bermuda grass
Grass forage
Corn
Carbonaceous concentrate (grains)
Corn Cobs
Crops residue feed
Corn Stover
Crops residue feed
Spents Hops
Byproduct feed from fermentation for beer and alcohol production
Orchard grass
Grass forage
Wheat straw
Byproduct feed from grain milling (processing)
Wheat bran
Byproduct feed from grain milling (processing)
Big Bluestem
Grass forage
Alfalfa
Legume Forage
Distillers grain
Byproduct feed from fermentation for beer and alcohol production
Corn gluten meal
Byproduct feed from grain milling (processing)
Brewers grain
Byproduct feed from fermentation for beer and alcohol production
Soybean meal
Proteinaceous concentrate (protein feed)
Peanut Meal
Proteinaceous concentrate (protein feed)
Wheat middlings
Byproduct feed from grain milling (processing)
T or F: Compensatory gain refers to improved growth and feed efficiency when an animal is placed on high energy ration after a period on a low energy ration
True
T or F: The rabbit needs high quality forage with a high protein content because unlike cow, it is a non ruminant animal and the microbial fermentation only provide energy
False
T or F: When harvested as hay, legumes generally have higher protein than grasses
True
What nutrient requirement increases the most as the work of the horse increases
Energy
Lignin (4 things)
- Is completely indigestible
- Is associated with the carbohydrate fraction of the feed
- Increases in a plant as the plant matures
- Decreases the feeding value
Why is protein quality a much bigger issue with nonruminants than with ruminants
Because ruminants have bacteria in the rumen they can utilize the contents of low-quality proteins to produce the amino acids that they need.
T or F: In order to get the maximum productivity from ruminants, including the optimal fermentation in the rumen, it is important to balance rations to provide for the needs of the bacteria.
True
Which energy value is an index of energy on a carbohydrate basis
TDN
T or F: NDF (Neutral Detergent fiber) is a newer method that has improved on Crude Fiber determination
true
What substance emulsifies fats
bile
What enzymes digest carbohydrates
Amylase
What substance digests fat from triglycerides to free fatty acids
Lipase
Lipids are the same as
Fats
T or F: Fat soluble vitamins are needed in large quantity for energy
False
T or F: B complex vitamins are (generally) involved in regulating metabolism in the body
True
Salt is important to supply
Sodium and Chloride
Lysine is
An essential amino acid
What mineral interacts with Vitamin E, which is necessary to add in our area to keep young pigs alive?
Selenium
Which is true of cats (4 things)
- THey require high protein diets
- They require preformed Vitamin A not carotene
- They have a strict requirement for arginine
- They have a need for taurine in their diet
Which is more likely to have trouble with ketosis
Sheep with twins or triplets at lambing time
What does CREEP FEEDING mean?
Feeding young animals separately from adult animals
Which describes the usual use of compensatory gain?
Feeding beef steers and heifers high grain rations in feedlots following feeding on grass.
Which animal has a high need for protein because it cannot down-regulate its catabolic enzymes’ amino acid degradation and requires dietary taurine?
Cats
Horses have a special need for what, to avoid colic and keep them healthy?
Sufficient forage in the diet
Which has a higher need in the diet for protein, for mature animals
Cats
Glucose is
A monosaccharides
Proteins are essential in the diet to supply
Amino acids
T or F: dogs should be fed meat and meat by products, and never grain for energy
False
T or F: dog feeding is complicated because each breed differs from others so much that diets should be specific for each breed
False
T or F: cats are true carnivores and should be fed differently than dogs
True
T or F: rations should be formulated on a crude protein basis for cattle, but on a lysine basis for swine and poultry
True
Which of the feeding schemes best fits feeding beef cows at breeding time
Pasture or good hay with salt and/or free choice minerals
Which of the feeding schemes is only appropriate for feeding beef cows following fall weaning?
Con stalks or wheat straw or corn cobs + small amount of corn + SBM + minerals
Which of the following feeding schemes best-fit feeding lactating dairy cows
25 % corn silage + 25% alfafa hay + 50% corn and SBM meal
Which of the feeding scehmes best fits feeding broiler chickens
Corn + Soybean meal + vitamins + Minerals
Which of the feeding schemes best fits feeding growing pigs
Corn + soybean meals+ vitamins + minerals
grouping the sows into units of 15 or less and feeding the group 60 pounds per day (4 lbs /day)
Not acceptable
Using electronic feeding stations that will only feed each sow a certain amount
Acceptable
Peening sows together but feeding in feeding crates at feeding time and releasing after feeding
Acceptable
Allowing all the sows to eat what they want and control their own intake
Not acceptable
Feeding sows in individual feeding stalls
Acceptable
T or F rations should be formulated on a crude protein basis for cattle, but on a lysine basis for swine and poultry
True
Pantothenic acid is an essential fatty acid
False (the essential fatty acid are linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic
Pantothenic acid is an essential fatty acid
False (the essential fatty acid are linolenic, linoleic and arachidonic_
Which of the following is the main storage fatty acid in beef fat?
Stearic acid
Milk fever may be controlled by lowering calcium to get a parathyroid response then raising calcium after calving
True
T or F: the most palatable feed available will be used for the high producing dairy cow in order to achieve high feed intake along with high milk production
True
T or F Chickens need more methionine in their diets than pigs
True
Triglycerides are composed of 3 glycerol and 1 fatty acids
false (3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol)
What 2 minerals make up the majority of bones
Calcium and phosphorus
Which amino acid is required and contain sulfurs
Methionine
What is the name of table sugar and what is it? What is it composed of
Sucrose, is a disaccharide, composed of glucose + fructose
What is a monosaccharides and what is an example
A monosaccharde is any sugar that cannot be broken down into a simpler sugar
Glucose, Fructose, galactose, ribose
What is a dissharide and what is an example
Any class of sugars taht contain 2 monosaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose, Cellobiose
What is a polysaccharides and what is an example
Any class of sugar that contain 2 or more monosaccharides
Glycogen, cellulose, and starch
T or F: Cats are true carnivores and have a very high protein need
True
List the fat soluble
A, D, E, K
What are the fat soluble vitamins typically used for in the body
Maintaining the structures of the body
Anemia in baby pigs most likely caused by a deficiency in what
Iron
What is the difference between starch and cellulose
Starch is glucose + glucose alpha bond
Cellulose is glucose + glucose beta bond
Milk Fever
Calcium deficiency
Anemia
Iron defienciy
Grass Tetany
Magnesium deficiency
Goiter
Iodine deficiecny
Parakeratosis
Zinc deficiency
Which of the following method are acceptable and effective methods of limiting energy intake in sow (3)
- Use electronic feeding stations that will only feed sow a certain amount
- Pen sows together but feed in feeding crates at feeding time and release after feeding
- Feed sows in individual feeding stalls
Which of the following methods are acceptable and effective methods of limiting energy intake in sows (3)
Using electronic feeding stations that will only feed each sow a certain amount
Peening sows together but feeding in feeding crates at feeding time and releasing after feeding
Feeding sows in individual feeding stalls
What do ruminants rely on more than non ruminant for energy
VFAs
Soybean meal
trypsin inhibitor
Cottonseed meal
glossypol
Tall fescue
Endophyte
Sweet clover
Mold converts coumerol in the plant to dicoumarol resulting in bleeding
Alfafa
Bloat
Which nutrient would you supplement to prevent anemia in new born pigs
Iron
What nutrient is deficient in the blood in milk fever
Calcium
What vitamins would you supplement to prevent failure of the blood to clot
Vitamin K
What vitamin would you supplement to prevent rickets
Vitamin D
What nutrient would you supplement to prevent pernacious anemia
B12
What nutrient would you supply to prevent grass tetny
Magnesium
What minderals is added at 1000 - 2000 ppm to weaning in pigs in some young pigs diets to maintain health
Zinc, not copper (100-250)
What nutrient would you supplement to prevent perosis in chicken
Choline
What vitamins would you supplement to pigs and chicken but not cow
All the B complex
Which nutrient would you spplement to prevent parakeratosis in pigs
Zinc
Which of the feeding schemes best fits feeding steers the last 60 days in a feedlot?
80 to 90% corn or corn silage with supplement + 10 to 20% hay
