ANSC 221 - Nutrition Part 1 Flashcards
Helped open the modern of nutrition by proposing a single plant feeding experiment
Stephen Babcock
Early observation published on nutritional physiology by collaborate with St. Alexio Martin
William Beaumont
The very first nutritional experiment recorded
Daniel
French scientist during the Age of Enlightenment, credited as being the Father of Nutrition. Credited with recognizing “Life is a chemical process”
Antoine Lavoisier
Observe sailors with scurvy; they were healed with citrus juice
Dr. James Lind
Helps cool an animal when it sweats
High latent heat of vaporization
Keeps body temperature from increasing quickly with exercise
High specific heat
Helps get in nutrients to cells and waste materials away from cell
High dielectric constant
Which nutrients class provide most of the energy in most livestock diets?
Carbohydrates (C,H,O)
Which nutrients class has the highest energy concentration
Fat (2.25 times)
What are proteins made of
Amino Acid
What are fats made of
glycerol and fatty acid
What are carbohydrates made of
Sugars (saccharides)
Fats contain how many times as much energy as carbs or protein
2.25
Plants typically contain most energy in form of
carbohyrdates
What are the 3 sources of water in animals
Drinking, Water in feed, and Metabolic water
Glucose + Galactose
Lactose
Glucose + Glucose with (b) beta bonds
Cellulose
Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose
Glucose + glucose (a) alpha bond
Maltose
Which of the following is a pentose
Ribose
What is the difference between starch and cellulose (3 differences)
Both are made of sugars
Cellulose is beta bond
Starch is alpha bond
What substance is analyzed as part of crude fiber, and it is indigestible and binds to other things to decrease their disability?
Lignin
What is the function of carbohydrates in the diet
provide energy
Why does fat have more energy than carbohydrates
Fats contain less oxygen than carbohydrates
More hydrogen and carbon
Which will go rancid quicker, saturated fat or an unsaturated fat
unsaturated fat
What is probably the most common and first effect of a fatty acid deficiency
Skin problem
What are the Essential Fatty Acids
Linolenic, Linoleic, Arachidonic
What is the Long Chain Fatty Acids of energy (3)
Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic
What are the Volatile Fatty Acids or VFA
Acetic, Propionic, and Butyric
What are the effects of water restriction (3)
Death, Decrease food intake, Hemoconcentration of Blood
Name 3 polysaccharides
Cellulose, Glycogen, Starch
What was the significance of the single plant feeding experiment
It began the golden age of nutrition such as vitamins
Name the six class of nutrients
Water, Carbohydrates, Fats, Protein, Vitamins, and MInerals
What is the function of water in the animal (4)
Temperature regulation, Movement of nutrition, takes part in chemical reactions, where a chemical reaction takes places
Which disaccharides is a repeating unit of starch
Maltose
Which disaccharides is a repeating unit of cellulose
Cellobiose
Which bond does the animal not make enzymes to digest
Beta
What are the good and bad things about Lignin
Good: protects plants from disease and insect resistance. Give plant structure to stand
Bad: Indigestible for animals
What are the methods of analyzing carbs
Crude fiber and NFE
What is fat soluble in
Ether
List the 10 Essential Amino Acids
PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine
Can non ruminant digest non protein nitrogen
No
Why are linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids considered essential fatty acids
They can’t produce them on their own
What is the equation for calculating crude protein
Nitrogen x 6.25
Is the quality or quantity of protein more important for non ruminanat
Quality
Is the quality or quantity of protein more important for ruminant
Quantity
What happens when amino acids are supplied in excess
Energy will be made and deaminate the nitrogen
What would be the properties of ideal protein
Ideal protein would meet the essential amino acids of the animals, with non excess and the right level of nonessential
What is special about methionine concerning isomer form
Both D and L synthesis of methionine is practical
What is special about methionine concerning isomer form
Both D and L synthesis of methionine is practical.
Which amino acid is active in both the D and L form making it cheaper to magnufacture
Methionine
Which amino acid is active in both the D and L form making it cheaper to manufacture
Methionine
Which amino acid is usually the most limiting, for most animal, in most feed?
Lysine
Name all of the branched chain amino acids, which are metabolized improperly resulting in Maple Syrup Disease
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
What is difference between true protein and crude protein
True protein - is composed of amino acid connected together by protein bonds
Crude protein - is our estimate of true protein based on nitrogen content
