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nursing 2900 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

who is dorthea dix

A

army nurse, first organized nursing effort

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2
Q

who is clara barton

A

red cross

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3
Q

handmaiden nurse

A

caring and attentive

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4
Q

naughty nurse

A

sexy nurse

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5
Q

battle-ax nurse

A

mean, likes to inflict pain

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6
Q

what is nursing influenced by

A

societal beliefs and wars

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7
Q

what does nursing have a strong historical association with

A

religion and religious orders

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8
Q

what formal education do nurses have

A

structured education required for licensure, and continuing education required to keep license

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9
Q

nursing laws

A

laws that govern the practice of nursing in each state

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10
Q

standards of practice

A

duties and levels of care that all nurses are expected to perform

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11
Q

roles of the nurse (9)

A

direct care provider, communicator, client/family advocate, counselor, change agent, leader, manager, case manager, research consumer

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12
Q

self-care

A

activities that individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain their own health and well-being

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13
Q

self-development

A

development of the being of the nurse through intentional self-awareness and a connection to a higher purpose through self-reflection and commitment

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14
Q

how is self-development promoted

A

through contemplative practices

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15
Q

holistic nursing

A

nursing that has healing of the whole person as its goal

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16
Q

health

A

balance in body-mind-spirit

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17
Q

illness

A

out of balance in body-mind-spirit

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18
Q

curing

A

the elimination of the signs and symptoms of disease (wholeness of the body)

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19
Q

healing

A

harmony of the whole person on all levels (wholeness of being)

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20
Q

is healing or curing always possible

A

healing is always possible, curing is not

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21
Q

how do nurses understand the experience of health and illness

A

as individual experiences

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22
Q

what does nursing theory provide

A

a framework for nurses to reflect on their practice, understand behavior/occurrences, and guide viewing of data

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23
Q

theory

A

an organized set of related ideas/concepts that help us find meaning, organize thinking, and develop new ideas, very specific

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24
Q

paradigm

A

a worldview or ideology of a discipline, broad and nonspecific

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25
Q

framework

A

a set of concepts that form a whole/pattern, broad and philosophical

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26
Q

nursing metaparadigm

A

nursing, health, person, environment

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27
Q

what does the nursing metaparadigm do

A

provide agreement among nurses

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28
Q

madeleine leininger’s nursing theory

A

nurses must value the culture of the patient, transcultural nursing

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29
Q

patricia benner’s nursing theory

A

novice to expert, nurses grow as they work and learn intuition

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30
Q

jean watson’s nursing theory

A

caring is the most valuable attribute of nursing, the science of human caring

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31
Q

patterns of knowing (6)

A

personal, empirical, aesthetic, ethical, not knowing, socio-political

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32
Q

what do patterns of knowing do

A

organize nursing knowledge, assist nurses to be fully present, and integrate the art and science of nursing

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33
Q

personal knowing

A

the nurse’s awareness of self

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34
Q

empirical knowing

A

the science of nursing

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35
Q

aesthetic knowing

A

the art of nursing

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36
Q

ethical knowing

A

the moral knowing

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37
Q

not knowing

A

always learning, keep an open mind, allows for new solutions

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38
Q

socio-political knowing

A

addresses the social determinants of health

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39
Q

4 phases of therapeutic relationships

A

pre-interaction, orientation, working, termination

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40
Q

subjective data

A

something that can be biased or changed

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41
Q

objective data

A

measured, factual, 5 senses

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42
Q

nursing process (ADPIE)

A

assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

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43
Q

difference between nursing diagnosis and medical diagnosis

A

nursing diagnosis changes as patient changes, medical diagnosis stays the same

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44
Q

4 domains of health

A

psychological, social, spiritual, biological

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45
Q

4 components of self-concept

A

personal identity, body image, self-esteem, role performance

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46
Q

personal identity

A

viewing yourself as unique and different from all others

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47
Q

body image

A

mental image of one’s own physical self (looks and abilities)

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48
Q

self-esteem

A

how well a person likes themselves

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49
Q

role performance

A

action and behaviors in a fulfilling role

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50
Q

growth

A

physical changes that occur over time

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51
Q

development

A

adapting to one’s body and environment over time

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52
Q

what pattern does growth and development follow

A

cephalocaudal and proximal distal

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53
Q

what is jean piaget’s cognitive theory steps

A

sensorimotor –> preoperational –> concrete operational –> formal operations

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54
Q

what 3 competencies are required in piaget’s theory

A

adaption, assimilation, and accommodation

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55
Q

what happens at 3 month development

A

smile

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56
Q

what happens at 5 month development

A

stomach to back

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57
Q

what happens at 6 month development

A

back to stomach

58
Q

what happens at 7 month development

A

sit alone

59
Q

what happens at 9 month development

A

crawls

60
Q

what happens at 10 month development

A

pincer grasp

61
Q

what happens at 11 month development

A

cruise, hanging on furniture

62
Q

what happens at 12 month development

A

first steps, picks up objects, responds to verbal requests, use simple gestures

63
Q

structure of a family

A

who makes the family unit

64
Q

function of a family

A

what purpose does the group serve

65
Q

context for care

A

how a family supports or causes stress

66
Q

unit of care

A

the health of each family member is important, the overall family health

67
Q

family system

A

how the family interacts with each other and those in the larger community

68
Q

general systems theory

A

interactions can cause changes in the family structure and function and can affect illness/stressors, cause an imbalance in family structure

69
Q

structural-functional theory

A

how a family works and lives together, focus on the outcomes of interactions

70
Q

developmental theory

A

families grow as children grow, families change as children grow

71
Q

genogram

A

a method of tracking family structure and conditions

72
Q

what is important to assess for each family unit

A

the power gradient of the family

73
Q

stress

A

a disturbance in the normal state

74
Q

stressor

A

a real or perceived threat that disrupts the equilibrium

75
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of internal and external equilibrium

76
Q

coping

A

voluntary or involuntary responses to maintain homeostasis

77
Q

adaption

A

changes that result from stress and coping

78
Q

generalized adaption syndrome (GAS) steps

A

alarm, resistance, exhaustion/recovery

79
Q

what happens during the alarm stage

A

sympathetic nervous system kicks in to cause fight or flight

80
Q

what happens during the resistance stage

A

the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in

81
Q

what happens during the exhaustion stage

A

if the alarm continues, energy is depleted and coping is ineffective

82
Q

what happens during the recovery stage

A

there is effective coping and adaption occurs

83
Q

countershock

A

all changes are reversed and a person becomes less able to deal with a threat

84
Q

what are the two parts to local adaption syndrome (LAS)

A

reflex pain response and inflammatory response

85
Q

reflex pain response

A

a protective reflex sent from the spinal cord that is involuntary

86
Q

inflammatory response

A

a local reaction to cell injury to protect and promote healing

87
Q

conventional healthcare

A

modern medicine

88
Q

alternative healthcare

A

non-mainstream practice

89
Q

complementary healthcare

A

a non-mainstream practice that is used together with medicine

90
Q

integrative healthcare

A

bringing together conventional and complementary approaches together in an intentional and coordinated way

91
Q

4 integrative therapies

A

meditation, aromatherapy, guided imagery, touch

92
Q

health promotion

A

motivated by the desire to increase well-being

93
Q

health protection

A

motivated by the desire to avoid illness

94
Q

levels of prevention

A

primary, secondary, tertiary

95
Q

primary prevention

A

activities designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease

96
Q

examples of primary prevention

A

healthy diet, immunizations, wearing sunscreen

97
Q

secondary prevention

A

screening activities and education for detecting illness in the early stages (doing things to detect a problem)

98
Q

examples of secondary prevention

A

annual exams, well-child checks, blood pressure screenings

99
Q

tertiary prevention

A

focuses on stopping disease from progressing and returning to a pre-illness phase

100
Q

examples of tertiary prevention

A

recovering after surgery, pt, ot

101
Q

community

A

a sense of sharing or relationship

102
Q

population

A

a group in geographical region in a study

103
Q

aggregate

A

a group of individuals with at least one shared characteristic

104
Q

community health nursing focus

A

how the health of individuals affects the community as a whole

105
Q

public health nursing focus

A

how the health of the community affects the health of individuals

106
Q

what are the material barriers to spiritual care

A

economic constraints, poor staffing, insufficient time, lack of privacy, and high tech care

107
Q

what are the non-material barriers to spiritual care

A

lack of awareness of own beliefs, lack of education, differences in spirituality, fear that knowledge is insufficient, and fear of where discussions may lead

108
Q

acculturation

A

adopting elements of a new culture and current culture

109
Q

assimilation

A

new members gradually learn and take on beliefs, values, and behaviors of the culture

110
Q

socialization

A

the process of learning to become a new member of a society or group

111
Q

why do nurses need to be educators

A

help patients participate in their care, empower patients, and lower overall healthcare costs

112
Q

bloom’s domains of learning

A

affective, cognitive, psychomotor

113
Q

affective learning

A

changing feelings, beliefs, attitudes, and values

114
Q

psychomotor learning

A

learning a skill requires both mental and physical activity

115
Q

cognitive learning

A

storing and recalling information in the brain

116
Q

health literacy

A

the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate healthcare decisions

117
Q

health illiteracy

A

when a person in unable to apply language skills to understand information about their healthcare

118
Q

what should all learning objectives contain

A

single/specific one dimensional behavior, all three domains of learning, SMART format

119
Q

7 specific teaching strategies

A

lecture, group discussion, demonstrate/teach-back, one-to-one instruction, printed material, role model, digital information

120
Q

SMART format

A

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time

121
Q

what does evidence-based practice use

A

recent information that is peer reviewed

122
Q

safe from harm

A

safety protocols are in place to protect participants from harm

123
Q

full disclosure

A

the researcher must explain the purpose, risks, potential complications, a contact for questions/issues, and compensations for participation

124
Q

self-determination

A

participant can stop their part in the study at any time without recourse

125
Q

confidentiality

A

no data from any patient can be identified as theirs

126
Q

where do morals come from

A

religion, culture, and education

127
Q

what are morals

A

help you judge what is right and wrong

128
Q

ethics

A

the action of applying moral behavior or contemplation actions for what is right or wrong

129
Q

nursing ethics

A

ethical questions that arise in nursing practice

130
Q

autonomy and self-determination

A

patients of sound mind have the right to guide their own treatment

131
Q

beneficence

A

the nurse’s duty to always do the right thing for the patient

132
Q

justice

A

obligation for fairness in care delivery, care must be fair, just, and equal

133
Q

non-maleficence

A

do no harm

134
Q

veracity

A

being truthful in your practice, not witholding truths from patients

135
Q

fidelity

A

keeping promises to patients, fiath service, high quality and safe care

136
Q

MORAL model

A

massage the dilemma, outline options, resolve the dilemma, act by applying the chosen option, look back and evaluate

137
Q

holistic core value 1: philosophy, theories, and ethics

A

holistic nurses believe that all things are connected, practice in both science and nursing, are guided by nursing theory, and act as a partner with their clients

138
Q

holistic core value 2: holistic nurse self-reflection and self-care

A

holistic nursing requires consciousness of one’s inner being, the capacity for one’s well-being, and a commitment to personal self-healing as an ethic of care

139
Q

holistic core value 3: holistic caring process

A

are fully with their patients, use intention to promote the highest good, emphasize partnership

140
Q

holistic core value 4: holistic communication, therapeutic relationship, healing environment, and cultural care

A

listen with the heart, good communication, and create a healing environment

141
Q

holistic core value 5: holistic education and research

A

have an understanding of a wide range of norms, values all ways of knowing/cultures/beliefs

nursing 2900 (6 decks)

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