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exam 4 objectives Flashcards

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1
Q

what is stress

A

a disturbance in a normal state

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2
Q

what is a stressor

A

a real or perceived threat that causes a physical/emotional response disrupting the equilibrium

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3
Q

what is coping

A

a voluntary/involuntary response to maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

what is adaption

A

changes that result from stress and coping

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5
Q

what is distress

A

bad stress that threatens health

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6
Q

what is eustress

A

good stress that is protective

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7
Q

what is external stress

A

stress outside the individual

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8
Q

what is internal stress

A

stress originating internally

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9
Q

what is acute stress

A

immediate fight or flight response

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10
Q

what is chronic stress

A

a continuation of an acute stressor

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11
Q

what is developmental stress

A

predictable changes through the lifespan

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12
Q

situational stress

A

unpredictable changes that happen to everyone

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13
Q

what is physiological stress

A

stress that affects the body’s structure or function

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14
Q

what is psychosocial stress

A

external stressors that arise from work, social relationships, or family dynamics

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15
Q

what are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

alarm stage, resistance, exhaustion or recovery

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16
Q

what happens during the alarm stage

A

the sympathetic nervous system kicks in and causes the fight or flight response

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17
Q

what is the counter-shock phase and when does it occur

A

all changes are reversed and the person becomes less able to deal with the threat
alarm stage

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18
Q

what happens during the resistance stage

A

the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in and causes the body to calm down

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19
Q

what happens during the exhaustion or recovery stage

A

exhaustion occurs if the parasympathetic nervous system is unable to kick in, depleting energy
recovery occurs if the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in and there is effective coping

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20
Q

what are the two LAS responses

A

reflex response and inflammatory response

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21
Q

what is the reflex response

A

an involuntary protective reflex that sends pain and sensory impulses from the spinal cord

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22
Q

what is the inflammatory response

A

local reaction to cell injury to protect the body and promote healing

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23
Q

what is general adaption syndrome

A

nonspecific responses all people share to stress that involves the whole body

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24
Q

what is local adaption syndrome

A

a short-term, localized body response to attempt to restore homeostasis

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25
Q

what type of response to stress are anxiety, fear, and anger

A

emotional

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26
Q

how is anxiety felt in response to stress

A

felt in anticipation

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27
Q

what is fear in response to stress

A

a cognitive response

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28
Q

describe anger in response to stress

A

anger can be a healthy release of tension but becomes destructive after it has been expressed

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29
Q

what are adaptive coping strategies

A

healthy choices that reduce the negative effects of stress - effective

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30
Q

what are maladaptive coping strategies

A

unhealthy choices that do not promote adaption - ineffective

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31
Q

what are the three approaches to coping

A

altering the stressor, adapting, avoiding

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32
Q

what is resilience

A

the ability to adapt successfully to acute stress, trauma, or chronic forms of adversity

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33
Q

what is alternative healthcare

A

non-mainstream practice used in place of conventional medicine

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34
Q

what is complementary healthcare

A

a non-mainstream practice that is used together with conventional medicine

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35
Q

what is integrative healthcare

A

healthcare that brings conventional and complementary approaches together in an intentional and coordinated way

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36
Q

what does the holistic caring process do

A

set intention, maintain therapeutic communication, emphasizes health promotion/stress management, and considers integrative therapies for self and others

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37
Q

what is needed to use integrative therapies

A

assessment and a therapeutic plan

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38
Q

what is needed to increase the effectiveness of integrative therapies

A

other therapies

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39
Q

what are 4 complementary/integrative approaches to manage and/or prevent stress, promote self-care, and enhance nursing practice

A

mindfulness meditation, massage and touch therapies, guided imagery, aromatherapy

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40
Q

what is mindfulness

A

awareness of the present moment with purposeful attention of self-understanding and wisdom

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41
Q

what do massage and touch therapies offer

A

powerful exchange and connection

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42
Q

what is imagery

A

perception of a stimulus in the absence of that stimulus

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43
Q

what does guided imagery do

A

creates physiological reactions to the imagined stimulus that the brain processes as real

44
Q

what is clinical imagery

A

the conscious use of imagination to heal the mind, body, and spirit

45
Q

how are oils used in aromatherapy

A

through inhalation or topical use

46
Q

what is aromatherapy

A

the therapeutic use of concentrated essential oils from plants to decrease pain, stress, anxiety, nausea, etc.

47
Q

what is health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

48
Q

what is health promotion

A

health motivated by the desire to increase well-being

49
Q

what is health protection

A

health motivated by the desire to avoid illness

50
Q

what is primary prevention

A

activities designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease

51
Q

what are some examples of primary prevention

A

healthy diet, exercise, safety laws, immunizations, wearing sunscreen, meditation/prayer, yoga

52
Q

what is secondary prevention

A

screening activities and education for detecting illness in the early stages

53
Q

what are examples of secondary prevention

A

annual physical exams, well-child checks, blood pressure screenings, diabetes screening, cholesterol screening, TB skin tests

54
Q

what is tertiary prevention

A

focuses on stopping the disease from progressing and returning the client to a pre-illness phase

55
Q

what are examples of tertiary prevention

A

recovering from procedures/surgery, pt/ot, therapies

56
Q

what does pender’s model do

A

identifies 3 groups of variables that affect health promotion

57
Q

what are the three parts of pender’s model

A

individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcomes

58
Q

what does the pender’s model influence

A

each individual’s health experiences

59
Q

what is the wellness wheel

A

the dimensions of health are like spokes in a wheel, if one of the spokes is weak, the whole wheel becomes white

60
Q

what are the 6 stages of Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination

61
Q

what is the precontemplation phase in Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

patients have no intention to change behaviors in the near future

62
Q

what is the contemplation phase in Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

patients are seriously thinking about overcoming a problem, but have not made a commitment to action

63
Q

what is the preparation stage in Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

individuals are intending to take action soon and are reporting small behavior changes

64
Q

what is the action stage in Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

the plan is implemented, which requires considerable commitment of time and energy

65
Q

what is the maintenance stage in Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

individuals are working to prevent relapse, growing more confident that change can be sustained

66
Q

what is the termination stage in Prochaska and DiClement’s model of change

A

persons who enter this stage have completed the maintenance, changed the behaviors, and are not in danger of relapse

67
Q

what is the nurse’s role in health promotion

A

to motivate clients and facilitate change

68
Q

what are health promotion activities

A

informational, lifestyle, protecting the environment, assessing wellness, appraising health risk

69
Q

where is an ideal place to promote health and why

A

schools, because it starts at an early age

70
Q

what are health promotion focuses based on

A

the developmental stage

71
Q

what is the health promotion of infancy

A

sleeping on back, sensory stimulation, safety, motor vehicle safety

72
Q

what is the health prevention of infancy

A

hearing evaluation, monthly examinations until 6 months, immunizations

73
Q

what is the health promotion of toddler/preschool

A

nutrition, safety, motor vehicle safety

74
Q

what is the health prevention of toddler/preschool

A

immunizations, cognitive skills, kindergarten readiness

75
Q

what is the health promotion of school-age

A

physical activity, safety, nutrition

76
Q

what is the health prevention of school-age

A

annual examinations

77
Q

what is the health promotion of young adults

A

sexuality, substance use, violence, sun exposure

78
Q

what is the health prevention of young adults

A

health screening, pap smears, STI screening, mental health, abuse

79
Q

what is the health promotion of middle adults

A

physical activity, lifestyle, oral health

80
Q

what is the health prevention of middle adults

A

mammograms, blood glucose screen, BP screening, lipid panels

81
Q

what is the health promotion of older adults

A

safety, nutrition, physical activity

82
Q

what is the health prevention of older adults

A

health screening for ADLs, hearing, falls risk, stress, mental health

83
Q

what is the health promotion process similar to

A

the nursing process

84
Q

what is community

A

people that have a sense of sharing or relationship

85
Q

what is the structure of a community

A

general characteristics of a community

86
Q

what is the status of a community

A

biological, emotional, and social outcomes of the community

87
Q

what is the process of a community

A

describes the overall effectiveness of community

88
Q

what is the windshield survery

A

a general assessment of a community often done by driving through the community

89
Q

what is a population

A

a group of people in a geographical area or a group subject to study

90
Q

what is an aggregate

A

a group of individuals with at least one shared characteristic, either personal or environmental

91
Q

what is the focus of community health nursing

A

how the health of individuals, families, and groups affects the community as a whole

92
Q

what is the goal of community health nursing

A

to maintain the health of a population through the delivery of personal health services to individuals, families, and groups (healthy individuals = a healthy community)

93
Q

what is the focus of public health nursing

A

focuses on the community as a whole, and the eventual effect of the community’s health status on the health individuals, families, and groups (healthy community = healthy individuals)

94
Q

what is community oriented nursing

A

the combination of the components of community and public health

95
Q

what does community-oriented nursing focus on

A

health promotion, illness prevention, early detection, and treatment within the community setting

96
Q

what is the goal of primary interventions

A

to prompt health and prevent disease

97
Q

what are some examples of primary intervention

A

health education in schools, lobbying elected officials for a smoking ban in restaurants

98
Q

what is the goal of secondary interventions

A

to reduce the impact of disease by early detection and treatment

99
Q

what are some examples of secondary interventions

A

STI screenings at local clinics, mobile mammography unit

100
Q

what is the goal of tertiary interventions

A

to halt disease progression and restore client functioning

101
Q

what does tertiary interventions require

A

nurses to collaborate with other healthcare workers to provide treatment

102
Q

what are the 3 safety considerations for home health nursing

A

is the environment safe for the client? is the environment safe for you to provide care? is your personal safety a concern?

103
Q

what are the primary goals of home health nursing

A

to improve the client’s self-care ability and independence, caregivers gain the ability to assist clients with ongoing health needs

104
Q

who was lillian wald

A

the first community health nurse, who founded the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service in NYC

105
Q

who was clara barton

A

the founder of the American Red Cross

106
Q

who was margaret sanger

A

the founder of planned parenthood, who pioneered the use of family planning and birth control education

nursing 2900 (6 decks)

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