exam 4 objectives Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
what is stress
A
a disturbance in a normal state
2
Q
what is a stressor
A
a real or perceived threat that causes a physical/emotional response disrupting the equilibrium
3
Q
what is coping
A
a voluntary/involuntary response to maintain homeostasis
4
Q
what is adaption
A
changes that result from stress and coping
5
Q
what is distress
A
bad stress that threatens health
6
Q
what is eustress
A
good stress that is protective
7
Q
what is external stress
A
stress outside the individual
8
Q
what is internal stress
A
stress originating internally
9
Q
what is acute stress
A
immediate fight or flight response
10
Q
what is chronic stress
A
a continuation of an acute stressor
11
Q
what is developmental stress
A
predictable changes through the lifespan
12
Q
situational stress
A
unpredictable changes that happen to everyone
13
Q
what is physiological stress
A
stress that affects the body’s structure or function
14
Q
what is psychosocial stress
A
external stressors that arise from work, social relationships, or family dynamics
15
Q
what are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
A
alarm stage, resistance, exhaustion or recovery
16
Q
what happens during the alarm stage
A
the sympathetic nervous system kicks in and causes the fight or flight response
17
Q
what is the counter-shock phase and when does it occur
A
all changes are reversed and the person becomes less able to deal with the threat
alarm stage
18
Q
what happens during the resistance stage
A
the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in and causes the body to calm down
19
Q
what happens during the exhaustion or recovery stage
A
exhaustion occurs if the parasympathetic nervous system is unable to kick in, depleting energy
recovery occurs if the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in and there is effective coping
20
Q
what are the two LAS responses
A
reflex response and inflammatory response
21
Q
what is the reflex response
A
an involuntary protective reflex that sends pain and sensory impulses from the spinal cord
22
Q
what is the inflammatory response
A
local reaction to cell injury to protect the body and promote healing
23
Q
what is general adaption syndrome
A
nonspecific responses all people share to stress that involves the whole body
24
Q
what is local adaption syndrome
A
a short-term, localized body response to attempt to restore homeostasis
25
what type of response to stress are anxiety, fear, and anger
emotional
26
how is anxiety felt in response to stress
felt in anticipation
27
what is fear in response to stress
a cognitive response
28
describe anger in response to stress
anger can be a healthy release of tension but becomes destructive after it has been expressed
29
what are adaptive coping strategies
healthy choices that reduce the negative effects of stress - effective
30
what are maladaptive coping strategies
unhealthy choices that do not promote adaption - ineffective
31
what are the three approaches to coping
altering the stressor, adapting, avoiding
32
what is resilience
the ability to adapt successfully to acute stress, trauma, or chronic forms of adversity
33
what is alternative healthcare
non-mainstream practice used in place of conventional medicine
34
what is complementary healthcare
a non-mainstream practice that is used together with conventional medicine
35
what is integrative healthcare
healthcare that brings conventional and complementary approaches together in an intentional and coordinated way
36
what does the holistic caring process do
set intention, maintain therapeutic communication, emphasizes health promotion/stress management, and considers integrative therapies for self and others
37
what is needed to use integrative therapies
assessment and a therapeutic plan
38
what is needed to increase the effectiveness of integrative therapies
other therapies
39
what are 4 complementary/integrative approaches to manage and/or prevent stress, promote self-care, and enhance nursing practice
mindfulness meditation, massage and touch therapies, guided imagery, aromatherapy
40
what is mindfulness
awareness of the present moment with purposeful attention of self-understanding and wisdom
41
what do massage and touch therapies offer
powerful exchange and connection
42
what is imagery
perception of a stimulus in the absence of that stimulus
43
what does guided imagery do
creates physiological reactions to the imagined stimulus that the brain processes as real
44
what is clinical imagery
the conscious use of imagination to heal the mind, body, and spirit
45
how are oils used in aromatherapy
through inhalation or topical use
46
what is aromatherapy
the therapeutic use of concentrated essential oils from plants to decrease pain, stress, anxiety, nausea, etc.
47
what is health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
48
what is health promotion
health motivated by the desire to increase well-being
49
what is health protection
health motivated by the desire to avoid illness
50
what is primary prevention
activities designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease
51
what are some examples of primary prevention
healthy diet, exercise, safety laws, immunizations, wearing sunscreen, meditation/prayer, yoga
52
what is secondary prevention
screening activities and education for detecting illness in the early stages
53
what are examples of secondary prevention
annual physical exams, well-child checks, blood pressure screenings, diabetes screening, cholesterol screening, TB skin tests
54
what is tertiary prevention
focuses on stopping the disease from progressing and returning the client to a pre-illness phase
55
what are examples of tertiary prevention
recovering from procedures/surgery, pt/ot, therapies
56
what does pender's model do
identifies 3 groups of variables that affect health promotion
57
what are the three parts of pender's model
individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcomes
58
what does the pender's model influence
each individual's health experiences
59
what is the wellness wheel
the dimensions of health are like spokes in a wheel, if one of the spokes is weak, the whole wheel becomes white
60
what are the 6 stages of Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination
61
what is the precontemplation phase in Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
patients have no intention to change behaviors in the near future
62
what is the contemplation phase in Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
patients are seriously thinking about overcoming a problem, but have not made a commitment to action
63
what is the preparation stage in Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
individuals are intending to take action soon and are reporting small behavior changes
64
what is the action stage in Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
the plan is implemented, which requires considerable commitment of time and energy
65
what is the maintenance stage in Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
individuals are working to prevent relapse, growing more confident that change can be sustained
66
what is the termination stage in Prochaska and DiClement's model of change
persons who enter this stage have completed the maintenance, changed the behaviors, and are not in danger of relapse
67
what is the nurse's role in health promotion
to motivate clients and facilitate change
68
what are health promotion activities
informational, lifestyle, protecting the environment, assessing wellness, appraising health risk
69
where is an ideal place to promote health and why
schools, because it starts at an early age
70
what are health promotion focuses based on
the developmental stage
71
what is the health promotion of infancy
sleeping on back, sensory stimulation, safety, motor vehicle safety
72
what is the health prevention of infancy
hearing evaluation, monthly examinations until 6 months, immunizations
73
what is the health promotion of toddler/preschool
nutrition, safety, motor vehicle safety
74
what is the health prevention of toddler/preschool
immunizations, cognitive skills, kindergarten readiness
75
what is the health promotion of school-age
physical activity, safety, nutrition
76
what is the health prevention of school-age
annual examinations
77
what is the health promotion of young adults
sexuality, substance use, violence, sun exposure
78
what is the health prevention of young adults
health screening, pap smears, STI screening, mental health, abuse
79
what is the health promotion of middle adults
physical activity, lifestyle, oral health
80
what is the health prevention of middle adults
mammograms, blood glucose screen, BP screening, lipid panels
81
what is the health promotion of older adults
safety, nutrition, physical activity
82
what is the health prevention of older adults
health screening for ADLs, hearing, falls risk, stress, mental health
83
what is the health promotion process similar to
the nursing process
84
what is community
people that have a sense of sharing or relationship
85
what is the structure of a community
general characteristics of a community
86
what is the status of a community
biological, emotional, and social outcomes of the community
87
what is the process of a community
describes the overall effectiveness of community
88
what is the windshield survery
a general assessment of a community often done by driving through the community
89
what is a population
a group of people in a geographical area or a group subject to study
90
what is an aggregate
a group of individuals with at least one shared characteristic, either personal or environmental
91
what is the focus of community health nursing
how the health of individuals, families, and groups affects the community as a whole
92
what is the goal of community health nursing
to maintain the health of a population through the delivery of personal health services to individuals, families, and groups (healthy individuals = a healthy community)
93
what is the focus of public health nursing
focuses on the community as a whole, and the eventual effect of the community's health status on the health individuals, families, and groups (healthy community = healthy individuals)
94
what is community oriented nursing
the combination of the components of community and public health
95
what does community-oriented nursing focus on
health promotion, illness prevention, early detection, and treatment within the community setting
96
what is the goal of primary interventions
to prompt health and prevent disease
97
what are some examples of primary intervention
health education in schools, lobbying elected officials for a smoking ban in restaurants
98
what is the goal of secondary interventions
to reduce the impact of disease by early detection and treatment
99
what are some examples of secondary interventions
STI screenings at local clinics, mobile mammography unit
100
what is the goal of tertiary interventions
to halt disease progression and restore client functioning
101
what does tertiary interventions require
nurses to collaborate with other healthcare workers to provide treatment
102
what are the 3 safety considerations for home health nursing
is the environment safe for the client? is the environment safe for you to provide care? is your personal safety a concern?
103
what are the primary goals of home health nursing
to improve the client's self-care ability and independence, caregivers gain the ability to assist clients with ongoing health needs
104
who was lillian wald
the first community health nurse, who founded the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service in NYC
105
who was clara barton
the founder of the American Red Cross
106
who was margaret sanger
the founder of planned parenthood, who pioneered the use of family planning and birth control education
