final exam Flashcards
In the anatomic position the palms of the hands are facing
forward
Which of the following positioning terms indicates the patient is lying down and the central ray is horizontal
decubitis
Where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?
back of hands on hips
Which lateral projection of the foot is most commonly performed?
mediolateral
The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrate the:
scaphoid
Which bone classification is defined as those develop in or near the tendons?
sesamoid
What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?
second breath, full inspiration
Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?
midsagittal
If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?
15-20 degrees cephalad
Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed:
PLEURAL EFFUSION
Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?
Rolling the shoulders forward
The longest lungs will be found in which type of body habitus?
Asthenic
A hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves is called a
foramen
Near the age of 21, full ossification occurs between the ends and the central shaft of long bones. The moderately visible area where the bones join is called the
epiphyseal line
Trachea is apart of the respiratory system
true
What is not part of the respiratory system?
esophagus
The area between the two lungs is termed the
mediastinum
Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?
anterior/ front
Each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right lung?
3
Each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the left lung?
2
The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the:
apex
What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?
pleura
Why is the upright left lateral position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?
patients heart is closer to the IR
The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed
Pneumothorax
If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity on which side must the pt lie?
Affected
If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, which side must the pt lie on?
Unaffected side
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the
alveoli
The space between the two pleural walls is called the
Pleural Cavity
For AP projection for the pharynx and larynx the central ray should be Perpendicular to the
Laryngeal Prominence.
The roof of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx contains a mass of lymphoid tissue known as
pharyngeal tonsil.
The organ of voice is the
Larynx
Largest sesamoid bone in the body
Patella
What is the central ray angulation for the axial calcaneus?
40 degrees
If the ASIS tabletop measurement is greater than 24 cm the CR angulation is
3-5 degrees cephalad
If the ASIS is between 19-24cm the CR is angulation is
0 degrees
How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?
20 to 30 degrees
the CR angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is
5-7 degrees cephalad
Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection 1.Epicondyles perp to the IR
2. Patella perp to the IR 3. Leg flexed 20-30 degrees?
1,2,and 3
If the knee is flexed 40 degrees for the PA axial intercondylar fossa (camp Coventry method) how many degrees is the CR angled?
40
Which of the following bones does not bear body weight?
fibula
Which two projections clearly demonstrate the scaphoid?
PA Axial (Stecher Method) and Ulnar deviation
For the lateral projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are positioned
Perpendicular to the IR and superimposed on each other
Which two should be demonstrated on the AP projection of the humerus?
Elbow and Shoulder Joint
For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side:
farther from the IR
Which of the following bones make up the Wrist?
8 carpal bones
Which of the following passes thru the carpal canal/tunnel?
Median Nerve
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the
Radial head
How many degrees is the hand rotated for a PA oblique projection of the digit?
45 degrees
For a PA projection of the hand the CR is directed to enter the:
3rd MCP joint
For the AP projection of the forearm the hand is
Supinated
For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are
Parallel to the IR
How many degrees is the elbow flexed for the lateral projection of the elbow?
90
Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?
Behind the manubrium
What is the most optimal position for the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?
Upright
How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest?
10
the thoracic cavity contains all of the following except:
larynx
Area behind the mouth:
oropharynx
Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the supine position?
illiac crest
Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the upright position?
2 inches above the crest
What is the expiration phase for abdominal?
expiration
A 3 way or acute abdominal series would include:
flat, upright, and PA chest
How many phalanges are in the foot?
14
How many tarsal bones are in the foot?
7
The largest and strongest bone in the body is the:
femur
On which aspect of the foot does the cuboid lie?
lateral
On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the
tibial tuberosity
Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the
intercondylar fossa
The area of the proximal humerus located directly below the tubercles, which is the site of many fractures is called the
surgical neck
What joint is formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus?
Scapulohumeral
For an AP projection of the shoulder, the CR should be directed
perp to the IR
Which projection clearly demonstrates the glenoid cavity?
AP oblique (Grashey)
The CR will enter where on the AP of the scapula
2 inch below the coracoid process.
All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are:
synovial, freely movable
How is the upper extremity positioned for an AP scapula?
Abducted 90 degrees, with elbow flexed
The large, rounded, elevated process prominently located on the lateral surface of the proximal humerus is the
greater tubercle
The following organs lie in the abdominal cavity
gallbladder
kidneys
stomach
One of the primary reasons a left lateral decubitus abdominal image is performed is to demonstrate?
air fluid levels
If a patient is unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal image, which position should be used?
Left lateral decubitus
A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit all of the following:
Psoas muscles, kidney borders
What anatomic structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the humerus?
lesser tubercle
What anatomic structure is shown in profile on an AP projection of the humerus?
greater tubercle
Serves as a passage for both food and air?
pharynx
The study of joints or articulations is known as
arthrology
Bones provide:
Protection of internal organs Production of red and white blood cells
