chapter 8 Pelvis and Hip Flashcards
The _____ serves as a base for the trunk and a girdle for the attachment of the lower limbs?
Pelvis
The pelvis consists of what 4 bones?
2 hip bones
sacrum
coccyx
the pelvic ______ is composed of only the 2 hip bones.
Girdle
The hip bone is often referred to as the
os coxae or innominate bone
The hip bone consists of the
Ilium
pubis
ischium
The 3 bones in the hip join together to form the
acetabulum
the ________ is the cup-shaped socket that receives the head of the femur.
Acetabulum
The _____, ______, and _______ are separated by cartilage in children but become fused into one bone in adults.
Ilium
pubis
ischium
The hip bone is divided further into 2 distinct areas called
illiopubic column
illioischial column
the 2 columns in the hip are used to identify fractures around the _________.
Acetabulum
The ilium consists of a _____ and a broad curved portion called the ____.
Body
Ala
The anterior and posterior borders of the Ala present ___ prominent projections
4
The 4 prominent projections on the Ala are
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Anterior Inferior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine
The superior margin extending from the ASIS to the posterior superior iliac spine is called the
iliac crest
What does the pubis consists of?
a body
superior ramus
inferior ramus
What does the ischium consist of?
a body
ischial ramus
The rami of the pubis and ischium enclose the
Obturator Foramen
The articulation between the acetabulum and the head of the femur is called
Hip joint
The pubes of the hip bones articulate with each other at the anterior midline of the body, forming a joint called the
pubic symphysis
The right and left ilia articulate with the sacrum posteriorly at the ________ joints
Sacroiliac (SI)
The ________ pelvis is lighter in structure than the _________ pelvis.
Female
Male
The female pelvis is shaped for _________ and _________.
Childbearing
Delivery
The pelvis is divided into _____ portions.
2
The boundary line that divided the pelvis is called
Brim of the Pelvis
The region above the brim of the pelvis is called
false or greater pelvis
The region below the brim of the pelvis is called
true or lesser pelvis
The brim of the pelvis forms the _______ ________ or inlet, of the true pelvis
Superior Aperture
The region between the inlet and outlet is called
Pelvic cavity
For an AP projection of the pelvis and proximal femora, the feet and lower limbs should be _________ rotated approximately ____ to ____ degrees.
Medially
15 to 20 degrees
The heels should be places approximately ___ to ___ inches apart when doing an AP pelvis?
8-10
Which bones form the pelvis?
Two hip bones
sacrum
coccyx
which three names refer to the major bone that makes up the right and left half of the pelvis?
ilium
pubis
ischium
which two prominent structures found on the ilium are frequently used as radiographic positioning reference points?
Pubic symphysis
ASIS
Which bone/portion of the hip bone consists of a body and two rami?
Pubis
what part of the hip bone forms the broad, curved portion called the ala?
Ilium
what bones of the hip bones form the Obturator Foramen?
Ischium and pubis
What structure of the hip bone is formed by the fusion of 3 bones?
Acetabulum
what structures form the posterior part of the pelvis?
Sacrum and coccyx
which gender has a pelvis with a larger and more rounded outlet?
Female
Which gender has a broader and shallower pelvis?
Female
Which 2 large processes are located at the proximal end of the femur?
Greater Trochanter
Lesser Trochanter
name the 2 areas of the proximal femur that are common sites for fractures in elderly patients.
Femoral neck
Intertrochanteric crest
what are the 3 major articulation of the pelvis?
pubic symphysis
hip joint
SI joint
what are 2 palpable bony points of localization for the hip joint?
ASIS
Superior margin of the pubic symphysis
In the seated position, the weight of the body rests on 2 ischial _________.
Tuberosities
The highest point of the greater trochanter is in the same transverse plane as the midpoint of the
Hip Joint
what other name commonly refers to the AP Oblique projection, modified Cleaves method?
Bilateral frog leg
How should the CR be directed for the Lauenstein method of a lateral hip projection?
Perpendicularly
what are 2 common names used to denote the axiolateral projection (Daneluid- Miller method) of the hip?
Cross table lateral
Surgical lateral
To demonstrate the pubic and ischial rami without foreshortening, the _______ method should be used.
Taylor (AP axial “outler”)
The superioinferior axial “inlet” projection (Bridgmen method) requires the CR be directed ____ degrees.
40 caudad
What is the respiration phase for AP pelvis?
suspend
what size exposure field is used for AP pelvis?
10x12in
What is shown in profile if the lower limbs are in correct position for AP pelvis?
Greater Trochanters
for AP pelvis the CR is
perpendicular to femoral neck
Where is the IR centered for AP pelvis?
to the CR
IR positioning for the Danelius-Miller
IR vertical, upper border in the soft tissue crease above iliac crest, angle IR away from the body so its parallel with femoral neck,
what is the Leg rotation on the Danelius-Miller
medially rotate the foot and lower limb of affected leg 15-20 degrees
Where is the CR on the Judet method internal oblique?
perpendicular to IR and entering 2in. inferior to the ASIS of the affected side
The ilia articulates with the sacrum posteriorly at the
sacaroilliac joint
Where should the top of the IR be placed for an AP of the femur including the hip joint?
level of the ASIS
How many degrees is the lower limbs medially rotated for an AP of the femur?
10 - 15 degrees
On the posterior aspect of the distal femur, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called
Intercondylar Fossa
How is the lower limb and foot for an AP hip?
medially rotated approx. 15-20 degrees
The CR for an AP hip is
Perpendicular to the femoral neck
For the AP hip, using the localizing technique, the CR is
approx. 2.5in. distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
The collimation field for an AP hip is
10x12 in
What method is used for a bilateral hip fracture?
Clements-Nakayama modificaton (modified axiolateral projection)
what type of joint is the SI joint?
synovial
irregular gliding
slightly moveable
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial
ball and socket
freely moveable
