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Rad. positioning > Chapter 7 lower limb > Flashcards

Chapter 7 lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

The bones of the toes are called

A

Phalanges

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2
Q

How many phalange bones are in the foot?

A

14

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3
Q

How many phalanges are in the great toe?

A

2

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4
Q

All other toes besides the great toe have ___ phalanges.

A

3

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5
Q

The phalanges of the great toe are termed _____ and ____.

A

Distal
Proximal

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6
Q

The bones of the instep in the foot are called

A

Metatarsals

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7
Q

How many metatarsals are in the foot?

A

5

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8
Q

The five heads of the metatarsals form the ____ of the foot.

A

Ball

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9
Q

Which metatarsal is the longest?

A

Second

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10
Q

The base of the 5th metatarsals contains a prominent _______ which is a common site for fractures.

A

Tuberosity

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11
Q

The bones of the ankle are called

A

Tarsals

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12
Q

How many tarsals are in the foot?

A

7

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13
Q

Which tarsal bone is the largest and strongest?

A

Calcaneus

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14
Q

The 3 Cuneiforms are described as ______, ______, and _______.

A

Medial
Intermediate
Lateral

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15
Q

What side of the foot is the cuboid bone?

A

Lateral

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16
Q

The Cuboid bone is between the _______ and the _______.

A

Calcaneus and 4th & 5th metatarsals

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17
Q

The second largest tarsal bone is the

A

Talus

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18
Q

The talus is located at the _______- most position of the foot.

A

Superior

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19
Q

What bones does the talus articulate with?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Navicular bone

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20
Q

What side of the foot is the Navicular bone on?

A

Medial

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21
Q

The Navicular lies between the ______ and _______.

A

Talus
3 Cuneiforms

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22
Q

Which cuneiform is the largest?

A

Medial

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23
Q

which cuneiform is the smallest?

A

Intermediate

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24
Q

The foot is sometimes divided into 3 groups called

A

Forefoot
Mid-foot
Hind foot

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25
Q

Which metatarsal is the shortest and thickest?

A

First

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26
Q

Beneath the head of the first metatarsal are 2 small bones called

A

Sesamoid bones

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27
Q

The 2 bones in the leg are called

A

Tibia
Fibula

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28
Q

The ___ is located on the medial side of the leg.

A

Tibia

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29
Q

The ___ is located on the lateral side of the leg

A

Fibula

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30
Q

which bone of the leg does not bear any body weight?

A

Fibula

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31
Q

which bone of the leg is larger?

A

Tibia

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32
Q

The proximal end of the tibia has 2 processes called

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

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33
Q

On the Anterior side of the tibia, just below the condyles is the

A

Tibial tuberosity

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34
Q

The Proximal end of the Fibula is expanded into a “_____” which articulates with the lateral condyle of the Tibia

A

Head

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35
Q

At the lateroposterior aspect of the head of the Fibula is a conic process called the ____.

A

Apex

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36
Q

The enlarged distal end of the Fibula is called the

A

Lateral malleolus

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37
Q

The longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body is the

A

Femur

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38
Q

The distal end of the femur has 2 large eminences called

A

Medial condyle (larger)
Lateral Condyle (smaller)

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39
Q

Within the curves of each condyle, on the distal end of the femur, forms the

A

Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle

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40
Q

The kneecap can also be known as the

A

Patella

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41
Q

The ____ is the largest and most constant sesamoid bone in the body.

A

Patella

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42
Q

The Patella is found at the distal anterior surface of the _____.

A

Femur

43
Q

One of the most complex joints in the body is the

A

Knee Joint

44
Q

The knee joint contains 2 fibrocartilage disks called

A

Lateral and medial Meniscus

45
Q

IP joints are found between the _______.

A

Phalanges

46
Q

The DIP joint is between the _____ and _____ phalanges.

A

Distal and middle

47
Q

The PIP joint is between the ______ and ______ phalanges.

A

Middle and Proximal

48
Q

The distal head of the metatarsals articulate with the proximal ends of the phalanges at the ________.

A

metatarsophalangeal joint

49
Q

The Talus rests on top of the ______

A

Calcaneus

50
Q

The ankle joint is commonly called the

A

Ankle Mortise or Mortise Joint

51
Q

The Patella articulates with the Patelar surface of the femur and protects the front of the ____

A

Knee Joint

52
Q

The articulation of the patella and femur is called

A

Patellofemoral joint

53
Q

The tibia articulates with the Fibula at the distal end by a joint called

A

Distal Tibiofubular Joint

54
Q

What bones are in the forefoot?

A

Toes and metatarsals

55
Q

what bones are in the midfoot?

A

5 tarsal bones
-cunieformes, navicular, and cuboid

56
Q

what bones are in the hindfoot?

A

2 tarsal bones
-Talus and Calcaneus

57
Q

where is the common site of fractures in the metatarsals?

A

5th metatarsal base

58
Q

How many bones are in a foot?

A

26

59
Q

The superior surface of the foot is also known as the _____ surface.

A

Dorsal

60
Q

The inferior (posterior) surface of the foot is also called the ______ surface.

A

Plantar

61
Q

The calcaneus is also called the

A

os calsis

62
Q

The posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus is for the attachment of the

A

achilles tendon

63
Q

There are ___ facet on the superior portion of the calcaneus for articulation with the ______.

A

3
Talus

64
Q

For the AP toe, where should the CR enter?

A

3rd Metatarsal phalangeal joint (MTP)

65
Q

For AP toes, the distal tip and head of the ________ should be included?

A

Metatarsal

66
Q

For AP Oblique toes, how much rotation should there be?

A

30-40 degrees

67
Q

When doing the 1st and 2nd toe lateral, a ________ rotation is required?

A

Lateromedial

68
Q

When doing a lateral projection of the third toe, the projection rotation can be

A

Lateromedial or mediolateral

69
Q

When doing a lateral view of the 4th and 5th toes, ______ rotation is required.

A

Mediolateral

70
Q

For an AP axial of the foot the CR is angled ____ degrees toward the ____.

A

10
Heel

71
Q

an AP axial of the foot allows us to see the ______ without foreshortening and the _____ joint spaces are opened up.

A

Metatarsals
Tarsometatarsal

72
Q

What degrees is the foot angled for an AP medial Oblique?

A

30 degrees

73
Q

the medial oblique of the foot demonstrates what best?

A

Lateral tarsals and metatarsals

74
Q

The Lateral Oblique of the foot would demonstrate _____ structures best.

A

Medial

75
Q

The ___ tuberosity is seen best in the AP medial oblique.

A

5th

76
Q

For a Lateral foot, the foot should be at a ___ degree angle with the leg.

A

90

77
Q

For a lateral foot, we should collimate to above the

A

Medial Malleolus

78
Q

what position is the foot for a Axial Plantodorsal?

A

Vertical

79
Q

For the Lateral Calcaneus, the CR enters

A

1in below the Medial Malleolus

80
Q

For an AP ankle, the foot is

A

Vertical

81
Q

The CR is ______ to the ankle joint for the AP ankle.

A

Perpendicular

82
Q

An oblique ankle can be done at a ___ degree or ___ degree medial rotation

A

15
45

83
Q

When the oblique ankle is at 15 degrees, the _____ joint is seen best.

A

Mortise

84
Q

When the oblique ankle is at 45 degrees, the _________ articulation is seen.

A

Tibiofibular

85
Q

For the Lateral ankle, the CR enters the medial malleolus and should include 1/3 of the _____ and the heel and the base of the ___ metatarsal.

A

Tibia
3rd

86
Q

For the AP leg we should include ______

A

Both joints at each end of the leg

87
Q

what kind of fracture is seen in a AP leg?

A

Spiral

88
Q

What side of the femur is the Adductor Tubercle on?

A

Medial

89
Q

what side of the femur is the medial epicondyle and medial condyle on?

A

Medial

90
Q

The intercondylar Fossa method is also known as the

A

Tunnel Method

91
Q

The bottom of the Patella is called the

A

Apex

92
Q

what 2 joints make up the ankle mortise?

A

Talcalcaneal
talocalcaneonavicular

93
Q

How much of an angle is needed for the lateral knee projection?

A

5-7 degrees

94
Q

what do you want to see on a lateral leg projection?

A

ankle joint, knee joint, tib-fib bodies

95
Q

what is the CR degree for a calcaneus?

A

40

96
Q

When the femur is vertical, the medial condyle is ______ than the lateral condyle by ___-____ degrees.

A

lower
5-7

97
Q

what is the purpose of the meniscus?

A

acts as a shock absorber

98
Q

what age does the bony patella develop?

A

3-5 years old

99
Q

what bone does not bear body weight?

A

fibula

100
Q

what is the important knee joint ligament?

A

adductor

101
Q

On an AP knee, where does the CR enter?

A

1/2in below the apices of the patellae

102
Q

If the lateral projection of the femur includes hip joint, where should the top of the IR be placed?

A

ASIS

103
Q

What does the superior part (head) of the femur articulate with?

A

acetabulum of the hip joint

Rad. positioning (11 decks)

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