Chapter 7 lower limb Flashcards
The bones of the toes are called
Phalanges
How many phalange bones are in the foot?
14
How many phalanges are in the great toe?
2
All other toes besides the great toe have ___ phalanges.
3
The phalanges of the great toe are termed _____ and ____.
Distal
Proximal
The bones of the instep in the foot are called
Metatarsals
How many metatarsals are in the foot?
5
The five heads of the metatarsals form the ____ of the foot.
Ball
Which metatarsal is the longest?
Second
The base of the 5th metatarsals contains a prominent _______ which is a common site for fractures.
Tuberosity
The bones of the ankle are called
Tarsals
How many tarsals are in the foot?
7
Which tarsal bone is the largest and strongest?
Calcaneus
The 3 Cuneiforms are described as ______, ______, and _______.
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral
What side of the foot is the cuboid bone?
Lateral
The Cuboid bone is between the _______ and the _______.
Calcaneus and 4th & 5th metatarsals
The second largest tarsal bone is the
Talus
The talus is located at the _______- most position of the foot.
Superior
What bones does the talus articulate with?
Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Navicular bone
What side of the foot is the Navicular bone on?
Medial
The Navicular lies between the ______ and _______.
Talus
3 Cuneiforms
Which cuneiform is the largest?
Medial
which cuneiform is the smallest?
Intermediate
The foot is sometimes divided into 3 groups called
Forefoot
Mid-foot
Hind foot
Which metatarsal is the shortest and thickest?
First
Beneath the head of the first metatarsal are 2 small bones called
Sesamoid bones
The 2 bones in the leg are called
Tibia
Fibula
The ___ is located on the medial side of the leg.
Tibia
The ___ is located on the lateral side of the leg
Fibula
which bone of the leg does not bear any body weight?
Fibula
which bone of the leg is larger?
Tibia
The proximal end of the tibia has 2 processes called
Medial and lateral epicondyles
On the Anterior side of the tibia, just below the condyles is the
Tibial tuberosity
The Proximal end of the Fibula is expanded into a “_____” which articulates with the lateral condyle of the Tibia
Head
At the lateroposterior aspect of the head of the Fibula is a conic process called the ____.
Apex
The enlarged distal end of the Fibula is called the
Lateral malleolus
The longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body is the
Femur
The distal end of the femur has 2 large eminences called
Medial condyle (larger)
Lateral Condyle (smaller)
Within the curves of each condyle, on the distal end of the femur, forms the
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
The kneecap can also be known as the
Patella
The ____ is the largest and most constant sesamoid bone in the body.
Patella
The Patella is found at the distal anterior surface of the _____.
Femur
One of the most complex joints in the body is the
Knee Joint
The knee joint contains 2 fibrocartilage disks called
Lateral and medial Meniscus
IP joints are found between the _______.
Phalanges
The DIP joint is between the _____ and _____ phalanges.
Distal and middle
The PIP joint is between the ______ and ______ phalanges.
Middle and Proximal
The distal head of the metatarsals articulate with the proximal ends of the phalanges at the ________.
metatarsophalangeal joint
The Talus rests on top of the ______
Calcaneus
The ankle joint is commonly called the
Ankle Mortise or Mortise Joint
The Patella articulates with the Patelar surface of the femur and protects the front of the ____
Knee Joint
The articulation of the patella and femur is called
Patellofemoral joint
The tibia articulates with the Fibula at the distal end by a joint called
Distal Tibiofubular Joint
What bones are in the forefoot?
Toes and metatarsals
what bones are in the midfoot?
5 tarsal bones
-cunieformes, navicular, and cuboid
what bones are in the hindfoot?
2 tarsal bones
-Talus and Calcaneus
where is the common site of fractures in the metatarsals?
5th metatarsal base
How many bones are in a foot?
26
The superior surface of the foot is also known as the _____ surface.
Dorsal
The inferior (posterior) surface of the foot is also called the ______ surface.
Plantar
The calcaneus is also called the
os calsis
The posterior tuberosity of the calcaneus is for the attachment of the
achilles tendon
There are ___ facet on the superior portion of the calcaneus for articulation with the ______.
3
Talus
For the AP toe, where should the CR enter?
3rd Metatarsal phalangeal joint (MTP)
For AP toes, the distal tip and head of the ________ should be included?
Metatarsal
For AP Oblique toes, how much rotation should there be?
30-40 degrees
When doing the 1st and 2nd toe lateral, a ________ rotation is required?
Lateromedial
When doing a lateral projection of the third toe, the projection rotation can be
Lateromedial or mediolateral
When doing a lateral view of the 4th and 5th toes, ______ rotation is required.
Mediolateral
For an AP axial of the foot the CR is angled ____ degrees toward the ____.
10
Heel
an AP axial of the foot allows us to see the ______ without foreshortening and the _____ joint spaces are opened up.
Metatarsals
Tarsometatarsal
What degrees is the foot angled for an AP medial Oblique?
30 degrees
the medial oblique of the foot demonstrates what best?
Lateral tarsals and metatarsals
The Lateral Oblique of the foot would demonstrate _____ structures best.
Medial
The ___ tuberosity is seen best in the AP medial oblique.
5th
For a Lateral foot, the foot should be at a ___ degree angle with the leg.
90
For a lateral foot, we should collimate to above the
Medial Malleolus
what position is the foot for a Axial Plantodorsal?
Vertical
For the Lateral Calcaneus, the CR enters
1in below the Medial Malleolus
For an AP ankle, the foot is
Vertical
The CR is ______ to the ankle joint for the AP ankle.
Perpendicular
An oblique ankle can be done at a ___ degree or ___ degree medial rotation
15
45
When the oblique ankle is at 15 degrees, the _____ joint is seen best.
Mortise
When the oblique ankle is at 45 degrees, the _________ articulation is seen.
Tibiofibular
For the Lateral ankle, the CR enters the medial malleolus and should include 1/3 of the _____ and the heel and the base of the ___ metatarsal.
Tibia
3rd
For the AP leg we should include ______
Both joints at each end of the leg
what kind of fracture is seen in a AP leg?
Spiral
What side of the femur is the Adductor Tubercle on?
Medial
what side of the femur is the medial epicondyle and medial condyle on?
Medial
The intercondylar Fossa method is also known as the
Tunnel Method
The bottom of the Patella is called the
Apex
what 2 joints make up the ankle mortise?
Talcalcaneal
talocalcaneonavicular
How much of an angle is needed for the lateral knee projection?
5-7 degrees
what do you want to see on a lateral leg projection?
ankle joint, knee joint, tib-fib bodies
what is the CR degree for a calcaneus?
40
When the femur is vertical, the medial condyle is ______ than the lateral condyle by ___-____ degrees.
lower
5-7
what is the purpose of the meniscus?
acts as a shock absorber
what age does the bony patella develop?
3-5 years old
what bone does not bear body weight?
fibula
what is the important knee joint ligament?
adductor
On an AP knee, where does the CR enter?
1/2in below the apices of the patellae
If the lateral projection of the femur includes hip joint, where should the top of the IR be placed?
ASIS
What does the superior part (head) of the femur articulate with?
acetabulum of the hip joint
