Final Exam Flashcards
What stain is used to make blood smears?
Wright’s Stain
What type of test is Wright’s Stain used for?
blood smears
What type of formed element is this?
Neutrophil
What type of formed element is this?
Eosionophil
What type of formed element is this?
Basophil
What type of formed element is this?
Monocyte
What type of formed element is this?
Name the granulocytes
Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil
What type of formed element is this?
Erthryocyte
What’s the main role of an erythorcyte?
Transport Oxygen
What is the name of the test for this blood test?
ABO Blood Typing
In ABO blood typing test, what is in blue fluid?
antibodies
In ABO blood typing, what is on the cell surface that we are testing for?
antigens
What is the clumping reaction called?
Agglutination
What does this indicate?
Type A - contains A Antigen, NO A antibodies
What blood type is this?
AB
What blood type is this?
What can be determined from this photo?
Mom is Rh -
If a mom is Rh-, what can happen to her second child?
erythroblastosis fetalis
What blood disorder is this?
sickle cell anemia
What blood disorder is this?
erythroblastosis fatalis
What blood disorder is this?
chronic lymphocytic anemia
What is the white structure in A?
Fibrous pericardium
What is the red layer in B?
myocardium
What is the role of the myocardium?
contracts to pump blood
What vessel is shown in A?
Superior Vena Cava
What vessel is shown in b?
Aorta
What chamber is shown in C?
Right Atrium
What is the point called in D?
Apex
What type of blood is found in the chamber found in C?
deoxygenated blood
What is the red structure shown in D?
tricuspid valve
What is the white structure structures in c?
tricuspid valve
What is the white string-like structures in B?
chordae tendineae
After passing through A, where does the blood go next?
pulmonary trunk
Wha is the funcion of the valves?
Ensure one-way blood flow
What is the white structure in A?
pulmonary valve
Where is the right side of the heart sending blood to?
the lungs
Where does the left side of the heart send blood to?
aorta
What vessels send blood to the left side of the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What structure is unique to cardiac muscle and allows it to be joined together?
intercalcated discs
What else is unique to heart muscle?
branching
What type of muscle is this?
cardiac muscle
What electrical pathway is outlined in yellow?
intrinsic conduction system
Name the structure in A
sinoatrial node
What role does the structure in A play?
pacemaker of the heart
What is the tracing in the diagram called?
electrocardiogram
What is the peak called in A?
P wave
What is happening in the heart when we see the peak in B?
ventricles are repolarizing
What is the period of time shown in A?
cardiac cycle
What is happening in B?
First heart beat
Which one is a vein?
A
What is the function of the layer shown in A? What layer is shown in A?
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation to regulate blood pressure
Tunica Media
What vessel is shown in A?
brachial artery
What vessel is shown in B?
subclavian artery
What vessel is shown in B?
Brachial Vein
What vessel is shown in A?
Brachial Vein
What is the vessel shown in B?
inferior vena cava
What is the vessel shown in A?
cephalic vein
What is the vessel shown in A?
hepatic portal vein
Where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood?
liver
What vessel is shown in A?
Carotid artery
What vessel is shown in b?
brachiocephalic trunk
What vessel is shown in C?
radial artery
Vessel shown in A
common illiac artery
Vessel shown in B
femoral artery
Vessel shown in C
popliteal artery
vessel shown in a
celiac trunk
vessel shown in b
abdominal aorta
vessel shown in C
splenic artery
vessel shown in B
anterior tibial vein
vessel shown in A
femoral vein
What is shown by the line at A?
aortic pressure
What is shown by the blue line at B?
left atria pressure
What is shown by the picture at E?
dicrotic notch
What is shown by the picture at D?
end systolic volume
What is shown by the picture at C?
end diastolic volume
what is listening to heart sounds called?
auscalitation
disorder characterized by whooshing sound
heart mummur
Disorder characterized by a whistling sound
stenosis
alternating surges in blood pressure
pulse
Name the artery in B
Common carotid
Name the artery in A
Common carotid
Name the artery in C
popliteal
Name the artery in D
dorsal pedis
Name the equipment in A
sphygometer
What is the equipment in A used for?
monitor blood pressure
What artery is the equipment positioned over?
brachial
As the pressure is slowly released as shown in B, what does the first sound heard correspond to?
systolic pressure
As the pressure is slowly released as shown in C, what does the last sound heard correspond to?
diastolic pressure
What are these sounds called?
sounds of korotkoff
what is high blood pressure
140/90
What organ is this tissue taken from?
illeum of the small intestine
Name the spherical structure shown in A
Peyer’s Patches
What is the function of the structures in A
prevent bacteria from breaching intestinal wall
Name the organ this tissue was taken from
tonsils
What is A showing? What is it’s function?
Crypt
Trap and destroy bacteria
What tissue is this organ taken from?
Spleen
What is the dark blue/purple region shown at A? What type of cells are found here?
white pulp
white blood cells
Name the organ the tissue was taken from? What is this organs function
Lymph Node - filtering lymph
Name the structure in A
trabeculae
Name the spherical structure shown in B.
Lymphoid follicles
What is the region inside B called? What type of cell is found here?
Germinal Center
Name the dark purple area in A
cortex
Name the organ this tissue was taken from? What is its role?
Thymus
T cell maturation
What major duct of hte lymphatic system will return fluid coming from the right knee and up?
thoracic duct
These photos are potential…
pathogens
Name the structures in A
Virus
Name the structures in B
protozoa
Name the structures in C
fungus
What is the structure circled at B?
antigenic determinant
What is the organism shown in A?
virus
What is this a diagram of?
hummoral immunity
What is the step at A called?
antigen challenge
What is the cell called in B? What is it’s function?
memory b cell
secondary immune response
What is the cell called in B?
memory b cell
What is the structure at A called? What is it’s function?
antigen binding site
tag antigen for destruction
Name the short pink strain in A
antigen binding site
Name the class found in breastmilk
igA
Name the class found on the surface of B cells
igD
Name the class found in allergic reactions
igE
Name the class that is a potent agglutinator
igM
What part of the immune system is responsible for spiking a fever?
internal defense
What organ is this tissue taken from? What type of tissue is found at A?
Trachea
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial
Name the airway shown in A
respiratory bronchiole
Name the tissue organ this tissue comes from
lung
Name the tissue type that B is pointing to
simple squamous
What is external respiration
gas exchange between alveoli and outside world
Name the structure in A
Epiglottis
Name the structure in A. What is it’s function?
Epiglottis
Prevents food from entering esophogus
Name the region shown in B. What’s it’s function?
nasal cavity
warm, moisten and filter air
Name the structure in A
inferior lobe of the left lung
Name the structure in B. What zone is it part of?
terminal bronchiole
conducting
What structure is shown in A?
Alveolus
What is the 3 layered structure shown in B?
How do gases move across the structure in B?
Respiratory membrane
Simple Diffusion
What is the lining on the surface of the lung shown in B?
Visceral pleura
What is the lining on the surface of the lung shown in A?
parietal pleura
What is located in the space between A and B? What is this space called?
Serous Fluid
pleural cavity
Name the outer layer. What is it’s function?
serosa
secretion
What is the name of this colorful layer?
submucosa
What is the little “hangy-down” in the back of your throat called?
Uvula
What is the strap at 5 & 6 called?
lingual frenulum
secure to floor of the mouth
What is chewing called?
mastification
When tube carries food to the stomach?
esophogus
When food leaves the mouth, what is it called?
bolus
What is the additional layer of muscle at 10 called?
oblique
What are the ridges and grooves at 11 called?
rugae
The first part of the small intestine shown at 12 is called what
duodenum
What layer of the GI tract is this at 13?
mucosa
What is the. name of the hole at 14? What is the function?
gastric pits
secretions enter stomach
What is food called when at 16?
chyme
- membrane that hold and position intestins in the peritoneal cavity
peritoneum
- inferior portion of the small intestine
illeum
What is the benefit of having all of the circular folds and little white finger-like projections lining the wall?
increased surface area for better absorption
- Name of the small white finger-like projections
villi
what is another name for baby teeth?
deciduous teeth
what type of tooth is #2?
What is its function?
incissor
clippi
What is the part of the tooth in number 4?
crown
Outer tooth covering at 5
enamel
Pink area in 6
gingevae
Name the organ in #7
submandibular gland
Name the organ in #7
submandibular gland
Digestive enzyme produced in the mouth to digest fats
lingual liapese
Mouth enzyme that helps digest starch
salivary amalyse
Name the white fringe structure in 11/12.
What’s it’s function?
falciform ligament
Suspends liver from diaphragm
Name the sack shown in #10
Gallbladder
Red cells inside the circled area #14
What is their function?
hepatocytes
Secrete bile
The hexagon structure that is circled #13
Lobule
What organ is this #16?
pancreas
What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas?
digestive enzymes
bicarbonate
What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas?
insulin
glucagon
Name the organ this tissue came from
bladder
What type of tissue is this arrow touching?
transitional
What type of crystals are shown in this photo?
What does it indicate?
crystine crystals
kidney stones
What organ did this tissue come from?
kidney
What structure is the arrow touching?
glomerulus
What cavity is the urinary tract located in?
peritoneal cavity
Brown outer layer around the kidney
What is it’s function?
renal fascia
lining of cavity
What is the most superficial layer of the kidney?
fibrous capsule
Triangular Shaped structure at 11
renal medulla
largest funel
renal pelvis
What is the yellow tube called that the arrow is touching?
collecting duct
What is the organ labeled at 15
urinary bladder
The pink tissue in the wall shown in 16
detrusor muscle
Function of the tube shown in 17
allows urine to leave the body
Step 1 in diagram
glomelular filtration
Step 3 in diagram
tubular secretion
what’s another name for micturation
urination
What is the structure surrounded by the bracket in B
grafian follicle
What is the female gamete shown in A?
oocyte/egg
What is the structure circled above?
seminiferous tubule
what is the male gamete?
sperm
Function of the sac shown in A
Sac is scrotum
Function: hold + protect scrotum
The tube shown in B
Vas Deferens/ductus deferens
The red C shaped structure shown in C
epididymus
What is the yellow structure shown in A?
seminal vesicle
What is the blue erectile tissue shown in B?
corpus cavernosum
Covering of the glans penis shown in A
prepuice/foreskin
Orange tubules shown in B
rete testes
Small finger-like structures shown in A
fimbriae
Structure shown at B
cervix
Structure shown in C
oviduct/fallopian tube
Name of the blue tissue in A
broad ligament
Name the structure in C
Vagina
Name the lining of the uterus shown in B
Endometrium
Name the structure in A
What’s it’s function?
corpus leuteum
secretes progesterone
What is happening at B?
Ovulation
Stage of cell shown in A
interphase
Stage of cell shown in B
prophase I
Name the special thing that only happens in the phase shown in B
Crossing over
Stage of cell shown in C
Anaphase I
What is the entire process called in the bracket A?
Where does it occur?
spermatogenesis
Seminerous tubule
What is the step in B called?
Meiosis I
What are the cells called in C?
Spermatoza
What is the entire process called in the bracket a?
spermiogenesis
What is the cell called in B?
Spermatid
What is the pink structure called in A
primary oocyte
What does the X signify inside the pink structure in A?
growth begins/meiosis I
What causes ovulation and completion of meiosis shown in B?
LH surge/lutenizing hormone
What causes completion of meiosis II in C
fertilization
What is the stage of the uterine cycle shown in A?
proliferative
What hormone is primarily responsible for uterine development shown in A?
estrogen
Name the yellow structure in A
zona pelludica
What is the importance of the reaction shown at C?
acrosomal process is formed
What is the importance of the acrosome reaction shown at B?
binding of the sperm, increase in Ca 2+ levels, triggering acrosomal reacion
What does fertilization cause in A?
completion of meiosis II
Name the pink structure shown in B?
pronucleation
What is the development shown in C?
zygote
Name the loation of fertilization shown in A
Ampulla of the oviduct
Name the process of cell division in the embryo shown in B?
gasturation
What are the white cells shown in C?
inner cell mass
What will the outer pink cells at D become?
placenta
What is the process shown at E?
implantation
What is the blue outer layer of the developing embryo called, shown in A? What does it become?
Ectoderm
Skin and nervous system
What is the line at A depicting? Who produces it?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
the placenta produces
What is the structure shown in A?
embryo
What is the placental membrane shown at C?
yolk sac
What is the placental membrane shown at B?
chorion
What is shown at A?
What is the function of the membrane at B?
fetus
protection
