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NS373—Pharmacology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

ACARBOSE (Precose)

class

indication

action

side effects

does NOT cause __________

A
  • ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR
  • for DM
  • delays glucose digestion
  • causes cramping; distension; diarhhea; flatulence; ↓ iron absorption
  • does NOT cause hypoglycemia
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2
Q

✮ ACETAMINOPHEN ✮

classes

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

drug-food interaction

pregnancy category

maximum daily dose

antidote

A
  • NONOPIOID ANALGESIC; ANTIPYRETIC
  • for mild pain; fever
  • inhibits protaglandin synthesis
  • causes CV—thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk c warfarin; GI/endo—liver damage c alcohol; ↑ liver enzymes; Integ—rash
  • increased bleeding risk with warfarin
  • NO alcohol
  • pregnancy category B
  • maximum dose 4 g/day
  • antidote—acetylcysteine
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3
Q

✮ ACETAZOLAMIDE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

A
  • CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
  • for glaucoma & adjunct to other diuretics
  • formation of sodium bicarb & excretion of hydrogen
  • causes Neuro—weakness; fatigue; paresthesia; confusion; Resp—rapid shallow breathing (acidemia); GI/endo—anorexia; F & E—acidic urine; metabolic acidosis (loss of bicarb); hypokalemia; MS—bone marrow suppression
  • monitor pH & K+
  • contraindicated in pts with sulfonamide or thiazide allergy
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4
Q

✮ ACETYLCYSTEINE ✮

classes

indications

action

side effects

take with…

A
  • ANTIDOTE; MUCOLYTIC
  • for acetaminophen toxicity; sputum sample
  • ↓ viscosity of mucus
  • causes Resp—bronchospasm; rhinorrhea; GI/endo—stomatitis; nausea; Integ—urticaria
  • mix with fruit juice
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5
Q

ACYCLOVIR

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for herpes infection
  • lowers frequency of episodes; diminishes intensity
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; tremors; GI/endo—n/v; Integ—rash
  • caution with renal & hepatic disease
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6
Q

ADALIMUMAB

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

A
  • ANTIRHEUMATIC
  • for rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic arthritis; inflammatory diseases
  • disrupts inflammatory process
  • causes CV—blood dyscrasias; Integ—Stevens-Johnson syndrome; Imm—predisposition to infection; Other—lymphoma & other cancers; flulike sx
  • monitor for TB; for hepatitis; liver enzymes
  • do NOT give during infection
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7
Q

ADEFOVIR

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for hepatitis B
  • blocks DNA replication
  • causes Neuro—h/a; asthenia; GI/endo—fatal hepatomegaly; nausea; F & E—nephrotoxicity; Other—lactic acidosis
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8
Q

ALBUTEROL

class

indication

route

action

side effects

how to admin

onset & duration

may be given with…

A
  • BETA 2 ADRENERGIC
  • for acute asthma attacks
  • route—MDI rescue inhaler
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; tremor; CV—tachycardia; dysrhythmias; palpitations; angina; HTN; GI/endo—hyperglycemia
  • use with a spacer; hold breath for 10 seconds after inhaling; 1 min between puffs; give 5 mins before steroid admin; rinse mouth after steroid (thrush)
  • o. 30 mins; d. 2-6 hours
  • may be given with epinephrine (Adrenalin)
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9
Q

ALETPLASE

class

indications

action

side effects

window to use

monitor…

contraindications

antidote

A
  • THROMBOLYTIC/FIBRINOLYTIC
  • for thrombotic CVA; early onset MI; restoring patency of central lines
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin; destroys fibrin of clots
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; CV—bleeding; hypotension; reperfusion dysrhythmias; Imm—allergic reaction; fever
  • best used w/i 4-6 hours of CVA
  • monitor PTT/PT/INR; sx of allergic reaction; bleeding
  • contraindicated in recent major surgery or trauma; intracranial hemorrhage; history of GI bleed
  • antidote—aminocaproic acid
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10
Q

✮ ALPRAZOLAM ✮

class

schedule

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

monitor…

antidote

A
  • BENZODIAZEPINE
  • schedule IV
  • for anxiety
  • intensifies GABA
  • causes Neuro—depression; drowsiness; weakness; amnesia; CNS depression; disorientation; ataxia; blurred vision; CV—abnormal heart rhythm; BP change; Resp—resp depression; GI/endo—constipation; n/v; F & E—urinary retention
  • contraindicated with glaucoma; drug abuse; liver disease; suicidality
  • monitor respirations
  • antidote—flumazenil
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11
Q

ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

may be given with…

A
  • ANTACID
  • symptomatic relief of hyperacidity; promotes ulcer healing
  • neutralizes HCl
  • causes GI/endo—constipation; gastric; acid rebound when d/c; Other—systemic alkalosis
  • monitor pH
  • admin 2 hours before/after other meds
  • simethicone may be added to reduce flatus
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12
Q

AMANTADINE

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for influenza
  • prevents viral replication
  • causes Neuro—lightheadedness; dizziness; insomnia; depression; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—nausea; Integ—Stevens-Johnson; Rep—teratogenic
  • caution with renal impairment
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13
Q

✮ AMILORIDE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

tx for side effect

A
  • POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC
  • for edema r/t HF, cirrhosis, renal disease; hyperaldosteronism; HTN
  • acts on collecting duct & late distal tubules; Na+ excretion and K+ retention
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; GI/endo—diarrhea; F & E—hyperkalemia; Androgen effects—hirsutism; gynecomastia; irregular menses; deepening voice
  • monitor K+ & sx of hyperkalemia
  • caution with ACE inhibitors (hyperkalemia)
  • hyperkalemia—kayexalate
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14
Q

AMINOCAPROIC ACID

class

indication

A
  • HEMOSTATIC AGENT
  • for thrombolytic/fibrinolytic toxicity
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15
Q

AMINOPHYLLINE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

drug-drug/food interaction

therapeutic range

A
  • METHYLXANTHINE
  • for asthma; other chronic lung conditions
  • dilates bronchioles; stimulates CNS; stimulates respiration
  • causes Neuro—h/a; nervousness; CV—hypotension; dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v; stomach pain; MS—convulsions
  • monitor levels (if side effects occur)
  • NO stimulants (caffeine; nicotine; chocolate)
  • TR—5-15 mcg/mL
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16
Q

AMIODORONE

class

indication

A
  • K+ CHANNEL BLOCKER
  • for dysrhythmias
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17
Q

AMOXICILLIN

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

when to take

A
  • PENICILLIN ANTIBIOTIC
  • for Strep and Staph
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad & extened spectrum
  • causes Imm—allergy; superinfection
  • monitor 30 mins after first few doses; bleeding; renal function; superinfections
  • take on an empty stomach
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18
Q

AMPHOTERICIN B

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • for severe, systemic, potentially fatal mycoses
  • inhibits fungal cell wall
  • causes SEVERE effects; CV—bone marrow suppression; GI/endo—n/v/d; anorexia; wt loss; F & E—renal impairment; Other—pain at IV site
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19
Q

AMPICILLIN

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

when to take

A
  • PENICILLIN ANTIBIOTIC
  • for Strep and Staph
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad & extened spectrum
  • causes Imm—allergy; superinfection
  • monitor 30 mins after first few doses; bleeding; renal function; superinfections
  • take on an empty stomach
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20
Q

ARIPIPRAZOLE

class

indications

side effects

less likely to cause _______

A
  • ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC
  • for schizophrenia, positive and negative sx; psychosis
  • causes Neuro—seizures; photosensitivity; NMS; drowsiness; sedation; h/a; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—wt gain; dry mouth; hyperglycemia; Other—fever
  • less likely to cause EPS
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21
Q

✮ ASPIRIN ✮

classes

indications

actions

side effects

pregnancy category

contraindications

avoid…

take with…

antidote

A
  • SALICYCLATE; ANTIPLATELET; ANTIPYRETIC; NONOPIOID ANALGESIC; NSAID
  • for clot prevention; pain; fever; inflammation
  • inhibits prostaglandins; inhibits platelet aggregation
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; ototoxicity; tinnitus; confusion; CV—↑ bleeding time; blood dyscrasias; thrombocytopenia; Resp—hyperventilation; GI/endo—n/v/d; dyspepsia; epigastric pain; anorexia; ulcers; F & E—dehydration; Integ—urticaria; diaphoresis; Imm—anaphylaxis; Other—Reye’s (childhood toxicity); Salicyclism (adult toxicity)
  • pregnancy category D in 3rd trimester
  • contraindicated in children, especially with a fever
  • avoid activity risking injury/bleeding
  • take with food
  • antidote—activated charcoal
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22
Q

✮ ATENOLOL ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

pre-admin assessment

caution

contraindications

A
  • BETA BLOCKER
  • for HTN; angina; MI prevention; dysrhythmias
  • block beta receptors in kidney to inhibit renin; ↓ HR, myocardial contraction, CO; ↑ renal perfusion
  • cause Neuro—depression; CV—bradycardia; ↓ CO; AV block; ortho hypotension; rebound myocardium; HF; arrhythmia; Resp—bronchospasm; GI/endo—n/v/d; hypoglycemia masking; Rep—↓ libido
  • assess BP & HR before admin; do not give if HR <60
  • d/c gradually
  • caution for DM pts
  • contraindicated for asthma pts; pts on Ca+ channel blockers
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23
Q

ATOMOXETINE

class

indication

A
  • NONSTIMULANT ADHD AGENT
  • most effective as an adjunct
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24
Q

✮ ATORVASTATIN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

drug-food interaction

drug-drug interaction

contraindication

supplement required

therapeutic effects seen…

A
  • STATIN
  • for HLD
  • inhibits HMG CoA reductase; ↓ LDL; ↑ HDL
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—↑ liver enzymes; abd pain; flatulence; cramps; constipation; F & E—acute renal failure; MS—rhabdomylysis; Integ—rash
  • NO grapefruit juice or alcohol
  • do NOT take with fibric acid agents
  • contraindicated during pregnancy
  • may require CoQ10 supplements
  • therapeutic effects appear in 2-4 weeks
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25
Q

✮ ATROPINE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC/PARASYMPATHOLYTIC
  • for bradycardia; reducing salivation preop; overactive bladder; IBS; peptic ulcers; parasympathomimetic toxicity
  • blocks vagus stimulation; ↑ HR; dilates pupils
  • causes Neuro—blurred vision; pupil dilation; tremors; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—paralytic ileus; dry mouth; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—↓ sweating
  • avoid heat & activity
  • do not drive (vision changes)
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26
Q

AZITHROMYCIN

class

indications

actions

spectrum

side effects

A
  • MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for respiratory infections; skin infections; UTI; GI infections
  • bacteriostatic & bacteriocidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • very broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—confusion; CNS changes; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
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27
Q

BACLOFEN

class

indication

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

drug-food interaction

A
  • CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT
  • for muscle spasm
  • interferes with reflexes causing spasms
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; drowsiness; weakness; h/a; insomnia; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—dry mouth; constipation; nausea; F & E—urinary frequency
  • NO CNS depressants
  • NO alcohol
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28
Q

✮ BENZTROPINE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

not as effective as…

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for Parkinson’s; adjunct medication
  • suppresses ACh dominance
  • causes Neuro—depression; disorientation; confusion; memory loss; dizziness; blurred vision; GI/endo—dry mouth; constipation; F & E—urinary retention, hesitancy; Integ—flushing; ↓ sweating
  • caution in pts taking other anticholinergics
  • not as effective as dopaminergics
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29
Q

✮ BETAMETHASONE ✮

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

caution

pregnancy category

start with a ______ dose, then…

A
  • CORTICOSTEROID
  • hormone replacement for Addison’s; suppression of inflammation; other uses
  • causes Neuro—mood changes/irritability; euphoria; nervousness; insomnia; personality change; cataracts; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; peptic ulcers; ↑ appetite; F & E—electrolyte imbalance; MS—osteoporosis/bone changes; Integ—delayed wound healing; acne; facial hair; Rep—menstrual changes; Other—Cushing’s syndrome
  • monitor for sx of infection; glucose
  • contraindicated during active infection
  • caution with DM & peptic ulcer disease
  • pregnancy category C
  • start with a large dose, then decrease
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30
Q

BETHANECHOL

class

indication

action

side effects

antidote

A
  • DIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC; PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for atonic bladder pre/post partum
  • activates tissue response at receptors
  • causes GI/endo—salivation; abd discomfort; n/v/d; Integ—sweating; flushing
  • antidote—atropine
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31
Q

BIDIL

class

constituents

indication

action

side effects

tx for side effects

A
  • VASODILATOR
  • combination of hydralazine & isosorbine dinitrate
  • for HF in African Americans
  • ↓ cardiac workload; vasodilation; ↓ preload; ↓ BP; Na+ & water retained
  • causes CV—reflex tachycardia; F & E—peripheral edema
  • tx for reflex tachycardia—beta blockers
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32
Q

BISACODYL

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • STIMULANT LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • irritate nerve endings in intestinal mucosa; stimulate peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—n/v/d; cramps; laxative dependence; F & E—imbalance
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
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33
Q

BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE

class

indication

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • OTC
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34
Q

BROMOCRIPTINE

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

caution

A
  • DOPAMINERGIC
  • for Parkinson’s
  • restores dopamine
  • causes Neuro—NMS with quick withdrawal; psychosis; drowsiness; dyskinesias (ticks; grimacing; tremors); CV—cardiovascular effects; ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v; Other—sweat & urine turn red/brown
  • contraindicated with melanoma; psychosis; glaucoma
  • avoid vitamin B6—interferes with drug
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35
Q

BUDESONIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID
  • prophylaxis for asthma
  • anti-inflammatory
  • causes Neuro—h/a; Resp—drying of nasal mucosae; Imm—infection risk; Local—burning; stinging; irritation
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36
Q

✮ BUMETANIDE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LOOP DIURETIC
  • for HF; pulmonary edema; kidney disease; liver disease; HTN
  • acts on loop of Henle; inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; paresthesia; ototoxicity; CV—dysrhythmias (hypokalemia); hypotension; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/v; F & E—severe F & E losses; dehydration; hyponatremia; hypokalemia; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; MS—↑ uric acid (gout)
  • monitor K+; glucose; sx dehydration; uric acid
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37
Q

BUPRENORPHINE

class

indication

action

side effects

combined with…

advantages

A
  • OPIOID PARTIAL AGONIST
  • for pain
  • acts on Mu receptor
  • causes Neuro—dependence; dizziness; sedation; euphoria; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—ureteral spasm; Integ—sweating
  • may be combined with naloxone
  • decreased risk of abuse than opioids; fewer side effects
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38
Q

BUTORPHANOL

class

indication

action

side effects

combined with…

advantages

A
  • OPIOID PARTIAL AGONIST
  • for pain; labor pain
  • acts on Kappa receptor
  • causes Neuro—dependence; dizziness; sedation; euphoria; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—ureteral spasm; Integ—sweating
  • may be combined with naloxone
  • decreased risk of abuse than opioids; fewer side effects
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39
Q

CALCIUM SALTS

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

may be given with…

A
  • ANTACID
  • symptomatic relief of hyperacidity; promotes ulcer healing
  • neutralizes HCl
  • causes GI/endo—constipation; gastric; acid rebound when d/c; Other—systemic alkalosis
  • monitor pH
  • admin 2 hours before/after other meds
  • simethicone may be added to reduce flatus
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40
Q

✮ CAPTOPRIL ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

caution

start with _____ dose

A
  • ACE INHIBITOR
  • for HTN
  • inhibits angiotensin II formation; blocks vasoconstriction & aldosterone; Na+ and water excreted; K+ retained
  • causes CV—tachycardia; arrhythmias; hypotension; severe ortho hypotension (first dose); Resp—persistent dry cough (ACE cough, ↑ bradykinin); GI/endo—n/d; irritation; peptic ulcers; F & E—hyperkalemia; angioedema; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—rash
  • monitor for first dose reaction; hyperkalemia
  • caution with K-sparing diuretics
  • start with low dose
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41
Q

CARBAMAZEPINE

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • ANTICONVULSANT
  • for partial/focal seizures; migraines
  • blocks Na+ channels
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; ataxia; CV—heme disorders; GI/endo—hepatitis; n/v; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—Stevens Johnson; Rep—teratogenic (cleft palate; spina bifida)
  • pregnancy category D
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42
Q

CARISOPRODOL

class

indication

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

drug-food interaction

A
  • CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT
  • for muscle spasm
  • interferes with reflexes causing spasms
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; drowsiness; weakness; h/a; insomnia; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—dry mouth; constipation; nausea; F & E—urinary frequency
  • NO CNS depressants
  • NO alcohol
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43
Q

✮ CARVIDOLOL ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

pre-admin assessment

caution

contraindications

A
  • BETA BLOCKER
  • for HTN; angina; MI prevention; dysrhythmias
  • block beta receptors in kidney to inhibit renin; ↓ HR, myocardial contraction, CO; ↑ renal perfusion
  • cause Neuro—depression; CV—bradycardia; ↓ CO; AV block; ortho hypotension; rebound myocardium; HF; arrhythmia; Resp—bronchospasm; GI/endo—n/v/d; hypoglycemia masking; Rep—↓ libido
  • assess BP & HR before admin; do not give if HR <60
  • d/c gradually
  • caution for DM pts
  • contraindicated for asthma pts; pts on Ca+ channel blockers
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44
Q

CEFACLOR

class

action

side effects

monitor…

storage

indication for later generations

A
  • CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC
  • inhibits cell wall
  • causes GI/endo—anorexia; n/v/d; Imm—cross-sensitivity c penicillin; superinfection
  • monitor for hypersensitivity & c-diff
  • refrigerate oral solutions
  • 4th and 5th generations effective against resistant bacteria
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45
Q

✮ CELECOXIB ✮

class

indication

A
  • COX-2 INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for arthritic pain
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46
Q

CHLORAMBUCIL

class

indication

action

side effects

pt should…

cytoprotectant

A
  • ALKYLATING AGENT
  • for many types of cancer
  • interferes with DNA
  • causes GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; anorexia; F & E—renal toxicity; hemorrhagic cystitis; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—alopecia; Local—tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates
  • pt should drink lots of fluid
  • cytoprotectant—mesna (prevents hemorrhagic cystitis)
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47
Q

CHLOROQUINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIPROTOZOAL
  • for malaria
  • blocks parasitic DNA
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; retinal changes; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—hepatic dysfunction; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; pruritus; Imm—fever; chills; malaise
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48
Q

CHLORPROMAZINE

class

indication

actions

side effects

therapeutic effects seen in ____ weeks

A
  • PHENOTHIAZINE; TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC
  • for schizophrenia & psychosis
  • blocks dopamine receptors; limits brain stimuli; anticholinergic; antihistamine; alpha-adrenergic blocking
  • causes Neuro—EPS; NMS; photophobia; sedation; drowsiness; vertigo; dizziness; h/a; CV—ortho hypotension
  • therapeutic effects seen in 3-6 weeks
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49
Q

CHOLESTYRAMINE

class

indication

action

side effects

combined with…

excreted…

A
  • BILE ACID SEQUESTRANT
  • for HLD
  • binds with bile acids in intestines; ↓ LDL
  • causes CV—↑ bleeding time; F & E—hypokalemia; GI/endo—bloating; constipation; flatulence; hemorrhoids; interference c vitamin & mineral absorption
  • combined with statins
  • excreted in the feces
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50
Q

✮ CIMETIDINE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d; gynecomastia
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
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51
Q

✮ CIPROFLOXACIN ✮

class

indications

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

admin IV over…

contraindication

avoid…

drug-drug interaction

A
  • FLUOROQUINALONE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for UTI; skin infections; resp infections; anthrax
  • inhibits DNA synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—photosensitivity; dizziness; h/a; restlessness; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; MS—tendon rupture
  • monitor for long QT interval
  • admin IV over 60 mins
  • contraindicated in children <18yo
  • avoid antacids; iron; dairy (6 hrs after taking)
  • ↑ serum caffeine
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52
Q

CLARITHROMYCIN

class

indications

actions

spectrum

side effects

A
  • MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for respiratory infections; skin infections; UTI; GI infections
  • bacteriostatic & bacteriocidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • very broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—confusion; CNS changes; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
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53
Q

CLINDAMYCIN

class

indications

action

side effects

caution

A
  • LINCOSAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for serious infections; septicemia; bone/joint infections
  • inhibits protein synthesis; bactericidal
  • causes GI/endo—fatal PMC; severe effects; MS—bone marrow suppression
  • caution with liver or kidney transplant
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54
Q

✮ CLONAZEPAM ✮

class

schedule

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

monitor…

antidote

A
  • BENZODIAZEPINE
  • schedule IV
  • for anxiety
  • intensifies GABA
  • causes Neuro—depression; drowsiness; weakness; amnesia; CNS depression; disorientation; ataxia; blurred vision; CV—abnormal heart rhythm; BP change; Resp—resp depression; GI/endo—constipation; n/v; F & E—urinary retention
  • contraindicated with glaucoma; drug abuse; liver disease; suicidality
  • monitor respirations
  • antidote—flumazenil
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55
Q

CLOPIDOGREL

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

A
  • ANTIPLATELET
  • for prevention of CVA, MI, DVT, etc
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—bleeding, bruising; thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—n/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
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56
Q

CLOTRIMAZOLE

class

indications

side effects

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • for tinea infections; thrush; vaginal candidiasis
  • causes Topical—stinging, rash, redness, swelling; Vaginal—irritation; urinary frequency; abd pain; PO—n/v; abnormal LFTs
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57
Q

CLOZAPINE

class

indications

side effects

less likely to cause _______

A
  • ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC
  • for schizophrenia, positive and negative sx; psychosis
  • causes Neuro—seizures; photosensitivity; NMS; drowsiness; sedation; h/a; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—wt gain; dry mouth; hyperglycemia; Other—fever
  • less likely to cause EPS
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58
Q

✮ CODEINE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain; cough
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
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59
Q

✮ CORTISONE ✮

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

caution

pregnancy category

start with a ______ dose, then…

A
  • CORTICOSTEROID
  • hormone replacement for Addison’s; suppression of inflammation; other uses
  • causes Neuro—mood changes/irritability; euphoria; nervousness; insomnia; personality change; cataracts; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; peptic ulcers; ↑ appetite; F & E—electrolyte imbalance; MS—osteoporosis/bone changes; Integ—delayed wound healing; acne; facial hair; Rep—menstrual changes; Other—Cushing’s syndrome
  • monitor for sx of infection; glucose
  • contraindicated during active infection
  • caution with DM & peptic ulcer disease
  • pregnancy category C
  • start with a large dose, then decrease
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60
Q

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

pt should…

cytoprotectant

A
  • ALKYLATING AGENT
  • for many types of cancer
  • interferes with DNA
  • causes GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; anorexia; F & E—renal toxicity; hemorrhagic cystitis; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—alopecia; Local—tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates
  • pt should drink lots of fluid
  • cytoprotectant—mesna (prevents hemorrhagic cystitis)
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61
Q

CYCLOSPORINE

class

indication

side effects

A
  • T & B CELL SUPPRESSOR
  • for transplant rejection prophylaxis
  • causes Neuro—tremor; CV—HTN; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; gum hyperplasia; diarrhea; F & E—nephrotoxicity; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—hirsutism; acne; Imm—predisposition to infection; increased risk for neoplasms
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62
Q

DANTROLENE

class

indication

action

side effects

increase intake of…

A
  • DIRECT ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT
  • for muscle spasm
  • interferes with Ca+
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; CV—BP change; tachycardia; GI/endo—hepatitis; hepatotoxicity c contraceptives; diarrhea; F & E—urinary frequency; crystalline urine MS—myalgia; weakness; Integ—rash
  • increase intake of fluids to prevent crystalline urine
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63
Q

DESMOPRESSIN

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

caution

A
  • ANTIDIURETIC
  • for diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency)
  • ↑ water reabsorption; hemostatic—shortens clotting time; ↑ CO; peripheral vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—h/a; CV—↑ BP; GI/endo—nausea; F & E—fluid retention; electrolyte imbalance; hyponatremia; water intoxication; Other—facial flushing; reaction at injection site
  • monitor BP; I & O; electrolytes; thirst
  • caution with HTN
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64
Q

✮ DEXAMETHASONE ✮

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

caution

pregnancy category

start with a ______ dose, then…

A
  • CORTICOSTEROID
  • hormone replacement for Addison’s; suppression of inflammation; other uses
  • causes Neuro—mood changes/irritability; euphoria; nervousness; insomnia; personality change; cataracts; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; peptic ulcers; ↑ appetite; F & E—electrolyte imbalance; MS—osteoporosis/bone changes; Integ—delayed wound healing; acne; facial hair; Rep—menstrual changes; Other—Cushing’s syndrome
  • monitor for sx of infection; glucose
  • contraindicated during active infection
  • caution with DM & peptic ulcer disease
  • pregnancy category C
  • start with a large dose, then decrease
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65
Q

DEXRAZOXANE

class

indication

A
  • CYTOPROTECTANT
  • cellular protectant for doxorubicin/antineoplastics
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66
Q

✮ DEXTROMETHORPHAN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

may contain…

A
  • ANTITUSSIVE
  • for nonproductive cough
  • depresses cough reflex in medulla’s cough center
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; drowsiness; Resp—depression; GI—nausea
  • may contain codeine
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67
Q

DEXTROSE

indication

A
  • antidote to insulin
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68
Q

✮ DIAZEPAM ✮

class

schedule

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

monitor…

antidote

A
  • BENZODIAZEPINE
  • schedule IV
  • for anxiety
  • intensifies GABA
  • causes Neuro—depression; drowsiness; weakness; amnesia; CNS depression; disorientation; ataxia; blurred vision; CV—abnormal heart rhythm; BP change; Resp—resp depression; GI/endo—constipation; n/v; F & E—urinary retention
  • contraindicated with glaucoma; drug abuse; liver disease; suicidality
  • monitor respirations
  • antidote—flumazenil
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69
Q

✮ DICHLORPHENAMIDE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

A
  • CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
  • for glaucoma & adjunct to other diuretics
  • formation of sodium bicarb & excretion of hydrogen
  • causes Neuro—weakness; fatigue; paresthesia; confusion; Resp—rapid shallow breathing (acidemia); GI/endo—anorexia; F & E—acidic urine; metabolic acidosis (loss of bicarb); hypokalemia; MS—bone marrow suppression
  • monitor pH & K+
  • contraindicated in pts with sulfonamide or thiazide allergy
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70
Q

DICLOFENAC

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • NONSELECTIVE COX INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for pain & inflammation
  • inhibits COX-1
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; CV—risk for thrombotic event; GI/endo—n/v; heartburn; epigastric pain; ulcers; bleeding; F & E—renal impairment; Integ—rash; Imm—allergic reaction
  • pregnancy category C; category D after 30 weeks
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71
Q

✮ DIGOXIN ✮

class

indication

actions

sx of toxicity

monitor…

hold if…

caution

therapeutic range

antidote

drug-drug interaction

A
  • CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE
  • for HF
  • inhibits Na+/K+ pump; influx of Ca+ into cardiac cells; ↑ efficiency of muscle fiber contraction; improves pumping ability; slows HR & rate of conduction; ↑ CO, force of contraction; ↑ renal perfusion
  • sx of toxicity—Neuro—vision changes (green/yellow halos, blur, double); CV—bradycardia; GI/endo—n/v; abd pain; anorexia
  • monitor drug levels; HR; K+ levels
  • hold if HR <60 bpm
  • caution with hypokalemia—increases risk of toxicity
  • therapeutic range—0.5-1.8 ng/mL
  • antidote—digoxin immune fab
  • antacids & antidiarrheals slow absorption
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72
Q

✮ DILTIAZEM ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
  • for chronic HTN; angina; dysrhythmias; premature labor
  • blocks Ca+ in vascular smooth muscle; vasodilation; relaxes uterus
  • causes Neuro—dizzyness; h/a; CV—bradycardia; flushing; F & E—peripheral edema
  • no grapefruit
  • no beta blockers
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73
Q

✮ DIPHENHYDRAMINE ✮

classes

indications

actions

side effects

caution

drug-drug interaction

not as effective as…for….

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC; ANTIHISTAMINE
  • for Parkinson’s (adjunct medication); allergic & seasonal rhinitis; cold sx; n/v
  • suppresses ACh dominance; sedative
  • causes Neuro—depression; disorientation; confusion; memory loss; dizziness; blurred vision; drowsiness; sedation; paradoxical excitation (children) CV—bradycardia; Resp—thickening of secretions; GI/endo—dry mouth; constipation; epigastric pain; F & E—urinary retention, hesitancy; Integ—flushing; ↓ sweating; rash
  • caution in pts taking other anticholinergics; caution with driving
  • avoid alcohol, other CNS depressants
  • not as effective as dopaminergics for Parkinson’s
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74
Q

DIPHENOXYLATE + ATROPINE

class

indication

action

schedule

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • slows GI motility
  • schedule V
  • Rx
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75
Q

DOCUSATE SODIUM

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • STOOL SOFTENER
  • for prevention of constipation
  • causes GI/endo—n/d; cramps; bloating
  • monitor last BM
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
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76
Q

DONEPEZIL

class

indication

action

side effects

antidote

A
  • INDIRECT CHOLINERGIC; PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for Alzheimer’s
  • inhibits cholinesterase; permits ACh to accumulate
  • causes Neuro—insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; dyspepsia; abd pain; MS—muscle cramps
  • antidote—atropine
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77
Q

DORIPENEM

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

A
  • CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTIC
  • for abdominal infections; UTI; skin infections; bone/joint infections; gynecological infections
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—thrombophlebitis; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
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78
Q

DOXAZOSIN

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ALPHA 1 BLOCKER
  • for HTN
  • causes vasodilation
  • causes Neuro—dizzyness; h/a; CV—hypotension; tachycardia; flushing; Resp—nasal congestion; GI/endo—n/d; dyspepsia; F & E—edema; Rep—priapism (prolonged erection)
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79
Q

DOXORUBICIN

class

indication

action

side effects

cytoprotectant

A
  • ANTINEOPLASTIC
  • for several kinds of cancer
  • interferes with DNA
  • causes CV—cardiac toxcity; GI/endo—n/v/d; F & E—red urine; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—alopecia; rash; Local—vesication of tissue
  • cytoprotectant—dexrazoxane
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80
Q

DOXYCYCLINE

class

indications

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

contraindication

A
  • TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for typhus; cholera; Rocky Mtn spotted fever; Lyme; H. pylori; chlamydia; acne
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes GI/endo—permanent discoloration of teeth (children); n/v/d; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection; Rep—affects fetal bone/teeth dev
  • take iron & dairy 2 hours after taking
  • contraindicated for <8yo
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81
Q

DULOXETINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • SNRI
  • for depression
  • causes serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine reuptake
  • causes Neuro—suicidal ideation (younger pop); serotonin syndrome; CV—tachycardia; HTN; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—sweating; Rep—ED
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82
Q

✮ ENALAPRIL ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

caution

start with _____ dose

A
  • ACE INHIBITOR
  • for HTN
  • inhibits angiotensin II formation; blocks vasoconstriction & aldosterone; Na+ and water excreted; K+ retained
  • causes CV—tachycardia; arrhythmias; hypotension; severe ortho hypotension (first dose); Resp—persistent dry cough (ACE cough, ↑ bradykinin); GI/endo—n/d; irritation; peptic ulcers; F & E—hyperkalemia; angioedema; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—rash
  • monitor for first dose reaction; hyperkalemia
  • caution with K-sparing diuretics
  • start with low dose
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83
Q

✮ ENOXAPARIN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

contraindications

advantages

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN
  • for prevention of thromboembolism
  • prevents clotting
  • causes CV—hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
  • adminstered SQ into the “love handles”; do not rub; hold firm pressure
  • caution with spinal anesthesia
  • contraindicated with CVA; peptic ulcers; blood dyscrasias; eye, brain and spinal surgery
  • advantages over heparin—↓ bleeding risk, side effects; less effects on thrombin, clotting, PT; better stability in pt response; aPTT monitoring unnecessary; home admin allowed
  • antidote—protamine sulfate
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84
Q

ENTECAVIR

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for hepatitis B
  • blocks DNA replication
  • causes Neuro—h/a; asthenia; GI/endo—fatal hepatomegaly; nausea; F & E—nephrotoxicity; Other—lactic acidosis
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85
Q

EPOIETIN ALFA

ERYTHROPOIETIN

class

indication

action

side effects

tx goal

A
  • ERYTHROPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS
  • for anemia r/t renal failure or chemotherapy
  • acts on bone marrow to ↑ RBC production
  • causes Neuro—h/a; body ache; seizures; dizziness; CV—HTN; thrombolytic event; GI/endo—n/v/d; F & E—edema
  • tx goal—Hgb to 10-11 g/dL; Hct to 33%
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86
Q

ERTAPENEM

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

A
  • CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTIC
  • for abdominal infections; UTI; skin infections; bone/joint infections; gynecological infections
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—thrombophlebitis; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
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87
Q

ERYTHROMYCIN

class

indications

actions

spectrum

side effects

A
  • MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for respiratory infections; skin infections; UTI; GI infections
  • bacteriostatic & bacteriocidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • very broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—confusion; CNS changes; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
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88
Q

ETANERCEPT

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

A
  • ANTIRHEUMATIC
  • for rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic arthritis; inflammatory diseases
  • disrupts inflammatory process
  • causes CV—blood dyscrasias; Integ—Stevens-Johnson syndrome; Imm—predisposition to infection; Other—lymphoma & other cancers; flulike sx
  • monitor for TB; for hepatitis; liver enzymes
  • do NOT give during infection
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89
Q

ETHAMBUTOL

class

indication

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTITUBERCULIN ANTIBIOTIC (STRIPE)
  • for tuberculosis
  • causes Neuro—peripheral neuropathy; clumsiness; GI/endo—drug-induced hepatitis; jaundice; distress; F & E—vit B6 depletion; MS—bone marrow suppression; muscle ache; Rep—interference c oral contraception
  • caution with liver disease & alcoholism
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90
Q

EXENATIDE

class

indication

actions

A
  • GLP-1 INCRETIN ENHANCER
  • for T2DM
  • ↑ incretin hormone causes ↑ insulin release; ↓ glucagon production; ↑ fullness; ↓ food intake; slows gastric emptying
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91
Q

EZETIMIBE

class

indication

action

side effects

combined with…

A
  • CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITOR
  • for HLD
  • inhibits cholesterol absorption in SI; ↓ LDL & triglycerides
  • causes Resp—URIs; GI/endo—abd pain; hepatitis; diarrhea; MS—muscle pain; arthralgia
  • often combined with statins
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92
Q

FAMCICLOVIR

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for herpes infection
  • lowers frequency of episodes; diminishes intensity
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; tremors; GI/endo—n/v; Integ—rash
  • caution with renal & hepatic disease
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93
Q

✮ FAMOTIDINE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
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94
Q

✮ FENTANYL ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
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95
Q

✮ FERROUS SULFATE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

give with…

contraindications

caution

A
  • IRON SUPPLEMENT
  • for anemia
  • ↑ hemoglobin & RBC production
  • causes GI/endo—n/v; constipation; dark, tarry stools; teeth staining (liquid)
  • give with vitamin C
  • contraindicated with tetracyclines & antacids
  • OD may be fatal in children
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96
Q

FIDAXOMICIN

class

indications

actions

spectrum

side effects

A
  • MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for respiratory infections; skin infections; UTI; GI infections
  • bacteriostatic & bacteriocidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • very broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—confusion; CNS changes; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
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97
Q

FILGRASTIM

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR
  • for suppressed bone marrow
  • increases neutrophil production
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; fatigue; GI/endo—n/v/d; anorexia; MS—bone pain; weakness; Integ—alopecia
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98
Q

FINAFLOXACIN

class

indications

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

admin IV over…

contraindication

avoid…

A
  • FLUOROQUINALONE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for UTI; skin infections; resp infections; anthrax
  • inhibits DNA synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—photosensitivity; dizziness; h/a; restlessness; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; MS—tendon rupture
  • monitor for long QT interval
  • admin IV over 60 mins
  • contraindicated in children <18yo
  • avoid antacids; iron; dairy (6 hrs after taking)
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99
Q

FLUCONAZOLE

class

indications

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • for oropharyngeal, esophageal & vaginal fungal infections
  • binds to sterols in cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—n/v/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • caution with liver/renal impairment
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100
Q

FLUMAZENIL

class

indication

A
  • ANTIDOTE
  • for benzodiazepine toxicity
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101
Q

✮ FLUOXETINE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

A
  • SSRI
  • for major depression & anxiety disorders
  • blocks reuptake of serotonin; enhances serotonin transmission
  • causes Neuro—suicidal ideation; seizures; serotonin syndrome; insomnia; h/a; dizziness; nervousness; tremors; GI/endo—wt changes; anorexia; n/d; Rep—sexual dysfunction
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102
Q

FLUTICASONE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID
  • prophylaxis for asthma
  • anti-inflammatory
  • causes Neuro—h/a; Resp—drying of nasal mucosae; Imm—infection risk; Local—burning; stinging; irritation
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103
Q

FOSPHENYTOIN

class

indication

actions

side effects

drug-drug interaction

intervention

therapeutic range

pregnancy category

A
  • HYDANTOIN
  • for seizures
  • inhibits Na+ influx; prevent disruptive neuron firing; stabilizes cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—slurred speech; ataxia; tremor; confusion; nystagmus; CV—dysrhythmias; thrombocytopenia; hypotension; GI/endo—inhibition of insulin; hyperglycemia; interference c folate absorption; gingival hyperplasia; Integ—Stevens Johnson syndrome; Imm—leukopenia; agranulocytosis; Rep—_teratogenic (_cleft palate; heart defects); Local—site irritation
  • never give with dextrose; always give with saline
  • flush line before & after use
  • therapeutic range—10-20 mcg/ml
  • pregnancy category D
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104
Q

✮ FUROSEMIDE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LOOP DIURETIC
  • for HF; pulmonary edema; kidney disease; liver disease; HTN
  • acts on loop of Henle; inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; paresthesia; ototoxicity; CV—dysrhythmias (hypokalemia); hypotension; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/v; F & E—severe F & E losses; dehydration; hyponatremia; hypokalemia; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; MS—↑ uric acid (gout)
  • monitor K+; glucose; sx dehydration; uric acid
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105
Q

GEMFIBROZIL

class

indication

action

side effects

take with…

drug-drug interaction

contraindications

A
  • FIBRIC ACID AGENT
  • for HLD; high triglycerides
  • ↓ triglycerides; ↓ VLDL
  • causes GI/endo—dyspepsia; n/v/d; abd pain; MS—muscle pain
  • take with meals
  • do NOT use with statins
  • contraindicated with gallbladder & liver disease
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106
Q

GENTAMYCIN

class

indication

action

side effects

therapeutic range

monitor…

tx for side effect

A
  • AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for serious, systemic G- infections
  • bactericidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes Neuro—ototoxicity; neuromuscular blockade; F & E—nephrotoxicity
  • therapeutic range—5-10 mcg/mL
  • monitor renal function; s/s of ototoxicity
  • NMS tx—calcium gluconate
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107
Q

✮ GLARGINE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

onset, duration

antidote

A
  • LONG-ACTING INSULIN
  • for DM; gestational DM; steroid use
  • ↓ blood glucose
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia
  • monitor glucose
  • o. 1-2 hr; d. 24 hr
  • antidote—dextrose
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108
Q

GLIPIZIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

drug-food interaction

A
  • SULFONYLUREA
  • for T2DM
  • stimulates insulin release
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia; wt gain; nvd; heartburn; hepatotoxicity; Imm—hypersensitivity reactions
  • monitor glucose
  • alcohol causes disulfiram-like reactions
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109
Q

GLYBURIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

drug-food interaction

A
  • SULFONYLUREA
  • for T2DM
  • stimulates insulin release
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia; wt gain; nvd; heartburn; hepatotoxicity; Imm—hypersensitivity reactions
  • monitor glucose
  • alcohol causes disulfiram-like reactions
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110
Q

✮ GUAIFENESIN ✮

class

indication

side effects

encourage…

A
  • EXPECTORANT
  • for productive cough
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; h/a; GI—n/v
  • encourage fluids
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111
Q

HALOPERIDOL

class

indication

dosing interventions

A
  • NONPHENOTHIAZINE TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC
  • for schizophrenia & psychosis
  • decrease dose for older adults; increase dose with seizure meds; use injectable slow release for patients who regularly refuse
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112
Q

✮ HEPARIN ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

placenta & breast milk

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for DVT; PE; coronary thrombosis; artificial heart valves; non-hemorrhagic CVA
  • prolongs bleeding time & prevents clots
  • causes CV—hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia
  • monitor for signs of bleeding; PTT/aPPT
  • hold firm pressure over SQ injection; do not rub
  • caution with spinal anesthesia
  • does not cross placenta; does cross breastmilk
  • antidote—protamine sulfate
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113
Q

HYDRALAZINE

class

indication

action

side effects

tx for side effects

A
  • VASODILATOR
  • for HF, especially in African Americans
  • ↓ cardiac workload; vasodilation; ↓ preload; ↓ BP; Na+ & water retained
  • causes CV—reflex tachycardia; F & E—peripheral edema
  • tx for reflex tachycardia—beta blockers
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114
Q

✮ HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

effective when?

A
  • THIAZIDE DIURETIC
  • for HTN (first line); mild/moderate HF
  • acts on distal convoluted tubule; inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption; increases water & K+ excretion
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v/d; hyperglycemia; F & E—hypercalcemia; hypokalemia; MS—↑ uric acid (gout); muscle cramps & spasms
  • monitor for dehydration; Ca+; K+; glucose; uric acid
  • give KCl for hypokalemia
  • not effective immediately
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115
Q

✮ HYDROCORTISONE ✮

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

caution

pregnancy category

start with a ______ dose, then…

A
  • CORTICOSTEROID
  • hormone replacement for Addison’s; suppression of inflammation; other uses
  • causes Neuro—mood changes/irritability; euphoria; nervousness; insomnia; personality change; cataracts; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; peptic ulcers; ↑ appetite; F & E—electrolyte imbalance; MS—osteoporosis/bone changes; Integ—delayed wound healing; acne; facial hair; Rep—menstrual changes; Other—Cushing’s syndrome
  • monitor for sx of infection; glucose
  • contraindicated during active infection
  • caution with DM & peptic ulcer disease
  • pregnancy category C
  • start with a large dose, then decrease
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116
Q

✮ HYDROMORPHONE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
117
Q

HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIPROTOZOAL
  • for malaria
  • blocks parasitic DNA
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; retinal changes; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—hepatic dysfunction; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; pruritus; Imm—fever; chills; malaise
118
Q

HYDROXYUREA

class

indication

actions

side effects

A
  • ANTINEOPLASTIC
  • for sickle cell anemia
  • ↑ amt of hemoglobin produced in bone marrow; dilutes formation of abnormal hemoglobin; less clogging of small vessels
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; h/a; GI/endo—stomatitis; anorexia; n/v; MS—bone marrow depression; Integ—rash; erythema
119
Q

IBUPROFEN

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • NONSELECTIVE COX INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for pain & inflammation
  • inhibits COX-1
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; CV—risk for thrombotic event; GI/endo—n/v; heartburn; epigastric pain; ulcers; bleeding; F & E—renal impairment; Integ—rash; Imm—allergic reaction
  • pregnancy category C; category D after 30 weeks
120
Q

IMIPENEM-CILASTIN

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

A
  • CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTIC
  • for abdominal infections; UTI; skin infections; bone/joint infections; gynecological infections
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—thrombophlebitis; GI/endo—pseudomembranous colitis; n/v/d; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection
121
Q

✮ IMIPRAMINE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

effective when?

caution

A
  • TCA
  • for depression
  • blocks reuptake of norepinephrine & serotonin
  • causes Neuro—seizures; sedation; CV—cardiac toxicity; ortho hypotension; MS—bone marrow suppression; Rep—sexual dysfunction
  • clinical response in 2-4 weeks
  • discontinue slowly
122
Q

✮ INDAPAMIDE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

effective when?

A
  • THIAZIDE DIURETIC
  • for HTN (first line); mild/moderate HF
  • acts on distal convoluted tubule; inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption; increases water & K+ excretion
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v/d; hyperglycemia; F & E—hypercalcemia; hypokalemia; MS—↑ uric acid (gout); muscle cramps & spasms
  • monitor for dehydration; Ca+; K+; glucose; uric acid
  • give KCl for hypokalemia
  • not effective immediately
123
Q

INDOMETHACIN

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • NONSELECTIVE COX INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for pain & inflammation
  • inhibits COX-1
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; CV—risk for thrombotic event; GI/endo—n/v; heartburn; epigastric pain; ulcers; bleeding; F & E—renal impairment; Integ—rash; Imm—allergic reaction
  • pregnancy category C; category D after 30 weeks
124
Q

INFLIXIMAB

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

A
  • ANTIRHEUMATIC
  • for rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic arthritis; inflammatory diseases
  • disrupts inflammatory process
  • causes CV—blood dyscrasias; Integ—Stevens-Johnson syndrome; Imm—predisposition to infection; Other—lymphoma & other cancers; flulike sx
  • monitor for TB; for hepatitis; liver enzymes
  • do NOT give during infection
125
Q

INTERFERON ALPHA & BETA

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • IMMUNE STIMULATOR
  • for cancer
  • inhibits tumor growth
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; confusion; MS—bone marrow suppression; Imm—flulike sx; Rep—teratogenic
126
Q

IPRATROPIUM + ALBUTEROL

class

indications

action

side effects

how to use

advantage

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for daily COPD sx; COPD maintenance
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; dizziness; h/a; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—distress; nausea
  • use 3-4x/day
  • fewer side effects than PO anticholinergics
127
Q

IPRATROPIUM

class

indications

action

side effects

how to use

advantage

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for daily COPD sx; COPD maintenance
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; dizziness; h/a; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—distress; nausea
  • use 3-4x/day
  • fewer side effects than PO anticholinergics
128
Q

ISOCARBOXAZID

class

indication

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • MAOI
  • for depression
  • inhibits monoamine oxidase; serotonin, dopamine, norepinerphrine, epinephrine rise
  • causes Neuro—delirium; CNS stim; mania; dizziness; vertigo; CV—HTN crisis; ortho hypotension; GI/endo—constipation; dry mouth; MS—hyperreflexia
  • no foods containing tyramine
  • no vasoconstrictors; no cold medications
129
Q

ISONIAZID

class

indication

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTITUBERCULIN ANTIBIOTIC (STRIPE)
  • for tuberculosis
  • causes Neuro—peripheral neuropathy; clumsiness; GI/endo—drug-induced hepatitis; jaundice; distress; F & E—vit B6 depletion; MS—bone marrow suppression; muscle ache; Rep—interference c oral contraception
  • caution with liver disease & alcoholism
130
Q

ISOSORBINE DINITRATE

class

indication

action

side effects

tx for side effects

A
  • VASODILATOR
  • for HF, especially in African Americans
  • ↓ cardiac workload; vasodilation; ↓ preload; ↓ BP; Na+ & water retained
  • causes CV—reflex tachycardia; F & E—peripheral edema
  • tx for reflex tachycardia—beta blockers
131
Q

ITRACONAZOLE

class

indications

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • for oropharyngeal, esophageal & vaginal fungal infections
  • binds to sterols in cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—n/v/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • caution with liver/renal impairment
132
Q

IVERMECTIN

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIHELMINTHIC
  • for nematode infections
  • interferes with metabolic processes
  • causes GI/endo—transient abd pain; diarrhea; Imm—fever
133
Q

KAYEXALATE

class

indication

given with…

A
  • ELECTROLYTE MODIFIER
  • for hyperkalemia
  • given with K+ sparing diuretics
134
Q

KETOCONAZOLE

class

indications

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • for oropharyngeal, esophageal & vaginal fungal infections
  • binds to sterols in cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—n/v/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • caution with liver/renal impairment
135
Q

KETORALAC

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • NONSELECTIVE COX INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for pain & inflammation
  • inhibits COX-1
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; CV—risk for thrombotic event; GI/endo—n/v; heartburn; epigastric pain; ulcers; bleeding; F & E—renal impairment; Integ—rash; Imm—allergic reaction
  • pregnancy category C; category D after 30 weeks
136
Q

LACTOBACILLUS

class

indication

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • OTC
137
Q

LACTULOSE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

caution

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
  • caution with DM
138
Q

✮ LANSOPRAZOLE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

how to take

caution

how long does it take to work

A
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
  • for gastric & duodenal ulcers; erosive esophagitis; GERD
  • inhibits H+/K+ ATPase system in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; pain; MS—fracture risk
  • take 1x/day, prior to breakfast
  • do not chew, crush, break
  • takes a few weeks to work
139
Q

LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM

class

indication

A
  • ANTIDOTE
  • for methotrexate toxicity
140
Q

✮ LEVODOPA-CARBIDOPA ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

caution

A
  • DOPAMINERGIC
  • for Parkinson’s
  • restores dopamine
  • causes Neuro—NMS with quick withdrawal; psychosis; drowsiness; dyskinesias (ticks; grimacing; tremors); CV—cardiovascular effects; ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v; Other—sweat & urine turn red/brown
  • contraindicated with melanoma; psychosis; glaucoma
  • avoid vitamin B6—interferes with drug
141
Q

LEVOFLOXACIN

class

indications

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

admin IV over…

contraindication

avoid…

A
  • FLUOROQUINALONE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for UTI; skin infections; resp infections; anthrax
  • inhibits DNA synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—photosensitivity; dizziness; h/a; restlessness; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; MS—tendon rupture
  • monitor for long QT interval
  • admin IV over 60 mins
  • contraindicated in children <18yo
  • avoid antacids; iron; dairy (6 hrs after taking)
142
Q

LEVOTHYROXINE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

A
  • HORMONE REPLACEMENT
  • for hypothyroidism; myxedema; cretinism
  • T4 replacement
  • causes Neuro—tremors; h/a; nervousness; insomnia; CV—palpitations; angina; tachycardia; GI/endo—n/v/d; wt loss; Integ—hair loss
  • monitor VS; EKG; weight; glucose; TH levels
  • take in the morning on an empty stomach
  • d/c slowly & do not switch brands
143
Q

LIDOCAINE

class

indication

action

side effects

combined with & caution

A
  • LOCAL ANESTHETIC
  • for surgery
  • blocks pain in specific area
  • causes Neuro—convulsions; h/a; excitement (early toxicity sign) CV—cardiac arrest; hypotension; bradycardia; Resp—depression; F & E—urinary retention
  • sometimes epinephrine added to decrease bleeding—do not give in terminal areas (fingers, nose, penis, etc)
144
Q

LINCOMYCIN

class

indications

action

side effects

caution

A
  • LINCOSAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for serious infections; septicemia; bone/joint infections
  • inhibits protein synthesis; bactericidal
  • causes GI/endo—fatal PMC; severe effects; MS—bone marrow suppression
  • caution with liver or kidney transplant
145
Q

LINEZOLID

class

indication

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • OXAZOLIDINONE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for resistant infections
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—PMC; n/v/d
  • no tyramine containing foods
  • no MAOIs (HTN crisis)
146
Q

LIRAGLUTIDE

class

indication

actions

A
  • GLP-1 INCRETIN ENHANCER
  • for T2DM
  • ↑ incretin hormone causes ↑ insulin release; ↓ glucagon production; ↑ fullness; ↓ food intake; slows gastric emptying
147
Q

✮ LISINOPRIL ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

caution

start with _____ dose

A
  • ACE INHIBITOR
  • for HTN
  • inhibits angiotensin II formation; blocks vasoconstriction & aldosterone; Na+ and water excreted; K+ retained
  • causes CV—tachycardia; arrhythmias; hypotension; severe ortho hypotension (first dose); Resp—persistent dry cough (ACE cough, ↑ bradykinin); GI/endo—n/d; irritation; peptic ulcers; F & E—hyperkalemia; angioedema; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—rash
  • monitor for first dose reaction; hyperkalemia
  • caution with K-sparing diuretics
  • start with low dose
148
Q

✮ LISPRO ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

onset, peak, duration

antidote

A
  • RAPID-ACTING INSULIN
  • for DM; gestational DM; steroid use
  • ↓ blood glucose
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia
  • monitor glucose
  • o. <15 min; p. 30-90 min; d. 3-5hr
  • antidote—dextrose
149
Q

✮ LITHIUM ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

therapeutic range

A
  • MANIC MOOD STABILIZER
  • for manic sx of bipolar
  • increases receptor sensitivity to serotonin
  • causes Neuro—h/a; lethargy; amnesia; tremors; tinnitus; blurred vison; coma; CV—cardiovascular collapse; GI/endo—n/v/d; F & E—risk for dehydration; MS—weakness
  • monitor Na+; labs every 2 weeks; maintenance every month
  • caution with dehydration & diuretics
  • therapeutic range—0.6-1.5 mEq/L
150
Q

LOPERAMIDE

class

indication

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • OTC
151
Q

✮ LORAZEPAM ✮

class

schedule

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

monitor…

antidote

A
  • BENZODIAZEPINE
  • schedule IV
  • for anxiety
  • intensifies GABA
  • causes Neuro—depression; drowsiness; weakness; amnesia; CNS depression; disorientation; ataxia; blurred vision; CV—abnormal heart rhythm; BP change; Resp—resp depression; GI/endo—constipation; n/v; F & E—urinary retention
  • contraindicated with glaucoma; drug abuse; liver disease; suicidality
  • monitor respirations
  • antidote—flumazenil
152
Q

✮ LOSARTAN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER
  • for HTN
  • prevents angiotensin II from reaching receptors; causes vasodilation
  • causes Neuro—dizzyness; h/a; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—diarrhea; abd pain
153
Q

LUBIPROSTONE

class

indication

monitor…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for IBS
  • monitor F & E
154
Q

✮ MANNITOL ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

storage & preparation

contraindication

A
  • OSMOTIC DIURETIC
  • for acute renal failure 2nd to OD, shock, trauma; high ICP; high intraocular pressure 2nd to glaucoma
  • acts on prox tubules, loop of Henle, collecting duct; inhibits water & Na+ reabsorption; promotes mvmt of toxins through kidneys
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—hypotension; cardiac decompensation in HF; GI/endo—dry mouth; thirst; n/v; F & E—dehydration; sudden drop in fluids; hypokalemia
  • monitor K+; Na+; uric acid; glucose; kidney function
  • crystallizes when exposed to cold; use a filtered needle and keep out of cold
  • contraindicated in HF
155
Q

MEBENDAZOLE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIHELMINTHIC
  • for nematode infections
  • interferes with metabolic processes
  • causes GI/endo—transient abd pain; diarrhea; Imm—fever
156
Q

MELOXICAM

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • NONSELECTIVE COX INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for pain & inflammation
  • inhibits COX-1
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; CV—risk for thrombotic event; GI/endo—n/v; heartburn; epigastric pain; ulcers; bleeding; F & E—renal impairment; Integ—rash; Imm—allergic reaction
  • pregnancy category C; category D after 30 weeks
157
Q

✮ MEPERIDINE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
158
Q

MESNA

class

indication

action

A
  • CYTOPROTECTANT
  • for alkylating agents
  • reduces risk of hemorrhagic cystitis
159
Q

✮ METFORMIN ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

A
  • BIGUANIDE
  • for T2DM
  • ↓ hepatic glucose production; ↓ insulin resistance; alters glucose absorption; ↓ triglycerides & LDL; promotes wt loss
  • causes GI/endo—severe nvd; Other—lactic acidosis (rare)
  • monitor LFTs
160
Q

METHIMAZOLE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

A
  • ANTITHYROID
  • for hyperthyroidism; Graves’
  • inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones
  • causes Neuro—bradykinesia; emotional dullness; CV—bradycardia; anemia; GI/endo—wt gain; constipation
  • monitor VS; EKG; weight; glucose; TH levels
  • take in the morning on an empty stomach
  • d/c slowly & do not switch brands
161
Q

METHOTREXATE

class

indications

action

side effects

antidote

A
  • ANTIMETABOLITE
  • for inflammatory disorders; breast cancer; ovarian cancer
  • disrupt nutrient/nucleic acid metabolism
  • causes GI/endo—mucositis; n/v/d; anorexia; F & E—renal toxicity; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—alopecia; Imm—malaise
  • antidote—leucovorin calcium
162
Q

✮ METHYLCLOTHIAZIDE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

effective when?

A
  • THIAZIDE DIURETIC
  • for HTN (first line); mild/moderate HF
  • acts on distal convoluted tubule; inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption; increases water & K+ excretion
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v/d; hyperglycemia; F & E—hypercalcemia; hypokalemia; MS—↑ uric acid (gout); muscle cramps & spasms
  • monitor for dehydration; Ca+; K+; glucose; uric acid
  • give KCl for hypokalemia
  • not effective immediately
163
Q

METHYLNALTEXONE

class

indication

monitior…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for opioid-induced constipation
  • monitor F & E
164
Q

METHYLPHENIDATE

class

indications

side effects

used with…

A
  • CNS STIMULANT
  • for ADHD & narcolepsy
  • causes Neuro—paradoxical hyperactivity; insomnia; nervousness; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—anorexia; wt loss; nausea; abd pain
  • used with atomoxetine
165
Q

✮ METHYLPREDNISOLONE ✮

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

caution

pregnancy category

start with a ______ dose, then…

A
  • CORTICOSTEROID
  • hormone replacement for Addison’s; suppression of inflammation; other uses
  • causes Neuro—mood changes/irritability; euphoria; nervousness; insomnia; personality change; cataracts; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; peptic ulcers; ↑ appetite; F & E—electrolyte imbalance; MS—osteoporosis/bone changes; Integ—delayed wound healing; acne; facial hair; Rep—menstrual changes; Other—Cushing’s syndrome
  • monitor for sx of infection; glucose
  • contraindicated during active infection
  • caution with DM & peptic ulcer disease
  • pregnancy category C
  • start with a large dose, then decrease
166
Q

✮ METOCLOPRAMIDE ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

A
  • GI STIMULANT
  • for postop, chemo-related n/v
  • stimulates parasympathetic activity; ↑ ACh sensitivity; stimulates gastric emptying
  • causes Neuro—restlessness; extrapyramidals; drowsiness; fatigue; Parkinson-like reactions; GI—n/d
167
Q

✮ METOPROLOL ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

pre-admin assessment

caution

contraindications

A
  • BETA BLOCKER
  • for HTN; angina; MI prevention; dysrhythmias
  • block beta receptors in kidney to inhibit renin; ↓ HR, myocardial contraction, CO; ↑ renal perfusion
  • cause Neuro—depression; CV—bradycardia; ↓ CO; AV block; ortho hypotension; rebound myocardium; HF; arrhythmia; Resp—bronchospasm; GI/endo—n/v/d; hypoglycemia masking; Rep—↓ libido
  • assess BP & HR before admin; do not give if HR <60
  • d/c gradually
  • caution for DM pts
  • contraindicated for asthma pts; pts on Ca+ channel blockers
168
Q

✮ METRONIDAZOLE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

A
  • ANTIPROTOZOAL
  • for multiple protozoal infections
  • causes cell death & prevents reproduction
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; ataxia; GI/endo—metallic taste; n/v/d; F & E—darkened urine
  • no alcohol
169
Q

MIDAZOLAM

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • BENZODIAZEPINE PREOP SEDATIVE
  • preoperative; eases anesthesia induction; conscious sedation
  • causes unconsciousness; amnesia
  • causes Neuro—amnesia; CV—potential cardiac arrest; hypotension; Resp—depression
  • monitor respiratory & cardio
170
Q

MILK OF MAGNESIA

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
171
Q

MINOCYCLINE

class

indications

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

contraindication

A
  • TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for typhus; cholera; Rocky Mtn spotted fever; Lyme; H. pylori; chlamydia; acne
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes GI/endo—permanent discoloration of teeth (children); n/v/d; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection; Rep—affects fetal bone/teeth dev
  • take iron & dairy 2 hours after taking
  • contraindicated for <8yo
172
Q

MISOPROSTOL

class

indication

actions

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE
  • for gastric distress with NSAIDs
  • suppresses acid secretion; ↑ cytoprotective mucus
  • causes GI/endo—n/v/d; flatulence; Rep—miscarriage; hypermenorrhea
  • pregnancy category X
173
Q

MOMETASONE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID
  • prophylaxis for asthma
  • anti-inflammatory
  • causes Neuro—h/a; Resp—drying of nasal mucosae; Imm—infection risk; Local—burning; stinging; irritation
174
Q

MONTELUKAST

class

indications

actions

side effects

A
  • LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIER
  • for prophylaxis of chronic bronchial asthma; allergic reactions
  • inhibits bronchoconstriction; reduces inflammation
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; Resp—infection; cough; pharyngitis; GI/endo—n/v
175
Q

✮ MORPHINE ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension; biliary tract spasm
  • hold if respirations <12
176
Q

NALBUPHINE HCL

class

indication

side effects

combined with…

advantages

A
  • OPIOID PARTIAL AGONIST
  • for pain
  • causes Neuro—dependence; dizziness; sedation; euphoria; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—ureteral spasm; Integ—sweating
  • may be combined with naloxone
  • decreased risk of abuse than opioids; fewer side effects
177
Q

NALOXZONE

class

indication

action

side effects

interventions

A
  • OPIOID ANTAGONIST
  • for opioid OD; RR <10
  • reverses effects of opioids: resp depression, sedation, hypotension, analgesia
  • causes Neuro—tremors; reversal of analgesia; CV—erratic BP; tachycardia; Resp—hyperventilation; GI/endo—n/v; Integ—sweating
  • may require several doses; keep resuscitation equipment nearby
178
Q

NAPROXEN & NAPROXEN SODIUM

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • NONSELECTIVE COX INHIBITOR; NSAID
  • for pain & inflammation
  • inhibits COX-1
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; CV—risk for thrombotic event; GI/endo—n/v; heartburn; epigastric pain; ulcers; bleeding; F & E—renal impairment; Integ—rash; Imm—allergic reaction
  • pregnancy category C; category D after 30 weeks
179
Q

✮ NEBIVOLOL ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

pre-admin assessment

caution

contraindications

A
  • BETA BLOCKER
  • for HTN; angina; MI prevention; dysrhythmias
  • block beta receptors in kidney to inhibit renin; ↓ HR, myocardial contraction, CO; ↑ renal perfusion
  • cause Neuro—depression; CV—bradycardia; ↓ CO; AV block; ortho hypotension; rebound myocardium; HF; arrhythmia; Resp—bronchospasm; GI/endo—n/v/d; hypoglycemia masking; Rep—↓ libido
  • assess BP & HR before admin; do not give if HR <60
  • d/c gradually
  • caution for DM pts
  • contraindicated for asthma pts; pts on Ca+ channel blockers
180
Q

NEOMYCIN

class

indication

action

side effects

therapeutic range

monitor…

tx for side effect

A
  • AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for serious, systemic G- infections
  • bactericidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes Neuro—ototoxicity; neuromuscular blockade; F & E—nephrotoxicity
  • therapeutic range—5-10 mcg/mL
  • monitor renal function; s/s of ototoxicity
  • NMS tx—calcium gluconate
181
Q

NEVIRAPINE

class

indication

action

side effects

how to admin

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for HIV/AIDS
  • prevents viral replication
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—liver dysfunction; n/v/d; Imm—fever; chills
  • take around the clock; do not miss a dose
182
Q

NIACIN

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

max dose

tx for side effect

A
  • NICOTINIC ACID (VIT B2)
  • for HLD
  • ↓ VLDL & LDL; inhibits release of fatty acids
  • causes CV—severe flushing; palpitations; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/d; bloating; Integ—pruritus
  • contraindicated with DM
  • maximum dose—6 g/day
  • give aspirin 30 mins prior for flushing
183
Q

✮ NIFEDIPINE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
  • for chronic HTN; angina; dysrhythmias; premature labor
  • blocks Ca+ in vascular smooth muscle; vasodilation; relaxes uterus
  • causes Neuro—dizzyness; h/a; CV—bradycardia; flushing; F & E—peripheral edema
  • no grapefruit
  • no beta blockers
184
Q

✮ NITROGLYCERIN ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

storage

how to take

A
  • NITRATE
  • for acute angina
  • vasodilator; dilates veins & capillaries; ↓ vascular resistance; dilate coronary arteries; ↓ cardiac workload
  • causes Neuro—severe h/a; dizzyness; CV—hypotension; reflex tachycardia; flushing; GI/endo—n/v
  • monitor BP
  • keep out of sunlight
  • take 1 tablet 5 mins apart for a maximum of 3 before calling 911
185
Q

NITROPRUSSIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

tx for side effect

A
  • VASODILATOR
  • for severe HTN; HTN emergency
  • relaxes smooth muscle of arteries
  • causes CV—reflex tachycardia; F & E—Na+ & water retention; peripheral edema
  • give beta blocker for reflex tachycardia
186
Q

✮ NIZATIDINE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d; gynecomastia
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
187
Q

NOLOXEGOL

class

indication

monitior…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for opioid-induced constipation
  • monitor F & E
188
Q

✮ NORCO/VICODIN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
189
Q

✮ NPH ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

onset, peak, duration

antidote

A
  • INTERMEDIATE-ACTING INSULIN
  • for DM; gestational DM; steroid use
  • ↓ blood glucose
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia
  • monitor glucose
  • o. 1-1.5 hr; p. 4-12 hr; d. 18-24 hr
  • antidote—dextrose
190
Q

OCTREOTIDE

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • GH ANTAGONIST
  • for GH excess; acromegaly; gigantism
  • causes Neuro—h/a; fatigue; GI/endo—gallbladder disease; hyperglycemia; abd pain; cholelithiasis; nvd; MS—back pain
  • monitor glucose
  • contraindicated in DM & gallbladder disease
191
Q

✮ OMEPRAZOLE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

how to take

caution

how long does it take to work

A
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
  • for gastric & duodenal ulcers; erosive esophagitis; GERD
  • inhibits H+/K+ ATPase system in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; pain; MS—fracture risk
  • take 1x/day, prior to breakfast
  • do not chew, crush, break
  • takes a few weeks to work
192
Q

✮ ONDANSETRON ✮

class

indication

side effects

advantage

A
  • SEROTONIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
  • for chemo-related n/v
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; drowsiness; GI/endo—constipation; F & E—retention; MS—myalgia
  • no extrapydramidals
193
Q

ORITAVANCIN

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for severe G+ infections; MRSA
  • inhibits cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—ototoxicity; F & E—nephrotoxicity; Integ—red man syndrome (fast infusion)
  • monitor peak & trough (narrow TR)
194
Q

OSELTAMIVIR

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for influenza
  • prevents viral replication
  • causes Neuro—lightheadedness; dizziness; insomnia; depression; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—nausea; Integ—Stevens-Johnson; Rep—teratogenic
  • caution with renal impairment
195
Q

OXACILLIN

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

when to take

A
  • PENICILLIN ANTIBIOTIC
  • for Strep and Staph
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad & extened spectrum
  • causes Imm—allergy; superinfection
  • monitor 30 mins after first few doses; bleeding; renal function; superinfections
  • take on an empty stomach
196
Q

OXYBUTYNIN

class

indications

actions

side effects

tx for side effect

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANTISPASMODIC
  • for UT spasms (cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis); dysuria; incontinence; urgency; nocturia
  • blocks parasympathetic activity; suppresses overactivity
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; blurred vision; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—dry mouth; nausea; F & E—urinary hesitancy; Integ—↓ sweating
  • give water & hard candy for dry mouth
  • monitor intraocular pressure; I & O
197
Q

OXYCARBAZEPINE

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • ANTICONVULSANT
  • for partial/focal seizures; migraines
  • blocks Na+ channels
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; ataxia; CV—heme disorders; GI/endo—hepatitis; n/v; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—Stevens Johnson; Rep—teratogenic (cleft palate; spina bifida)
  • pregnancy category D
198
Q

OXYMETAZOLINE

class

indications

action

side effects

contraindication

monitor…

take for how long?

A
  • ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST; SYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for PO—cold/allergy; IV—shock; topical/eye drop—pupil dilation for exam; topial/intranasal—congestion
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; restlessness; tremors; dizziness; anxiety; h/a; CV—palpitations; dysrhythmias; HTN; tachycardia; Resp—dyspnea; pulmonary edema; rebound congestion GI/endo—dry mouth; n/v; hyperglycemia; F & E—urninary retention
  • contraindicated with HTN
  • monitor VS; urine output; glucose
  • rebound effect—use no more than 3-5 days
199
Q

✮ PANTOPRAZOLE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

how to take

caution

how long does it take to work

A
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
  • for gastric & duodenal ulcers; erosive esophagitis; GERD
  • inhibits H+/K+ ATPase system in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; pain; MS—fracture risk
  • take 1x/day, prior to breakfast
  • do not chew, crush, break
  • takes a few weeks to work
200
Q

✮ PAROXETINE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

A
  • SSRI
  • for major depression & anxiety disorders
  • blocks reuptake of serotonin; enhances serotonin transmission
  • causes Neuro—suicidal ideation; seizures; serotonin syndrome; insomnia; h/a; dizziness; nervousness; tremors; GI/endo—wt changes; anorexia; n/d; Rep—sexual dysfunction
201
Q

PEGFILGRASTIM

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR
  • for suppressed bone marrow
  • increases neutrophil production
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; fatigue; GI/endo—n/v/d; anorexia; MS—bone pain; weakness; Integ—alopecia
202
Q

PENICILLIN G

class

indication

action

spectrum

side effects

monitor…

when to take

A
  • PENICILLIN ANTIBIOTIC
  • for Strep and Staph
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • broad & extened spectrum
  • causes Imm—allergy; superinfection
  • monitor 30 mins after first few doses; bleeding; renal function; superinfections
  • take on an empty stomach
203
Q

PENTAZOCINE

class

indication

action

side effects

combined with…

advantages

A
  • OPIOID PARTIAL AGONIST
  • for pain
  • causes Neuro—dependence; dizziness; sedation; euphoria; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—ureteral spasm; Integ—sweating
  • may be combined with naloxone
  • decreased risk of abuse than opioids; fewer side effects
204
Q

PENTOBARBITAL

class

indications

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

caution

A
  • SHORT ACTING BARBITUATE
  • for inducing sedation; anesthesia adjunct
  • CNS depressant; intensifies GABA
  • causes Neuro—addiction; dependence; hallucinations; nightmares; CNS depression; hypnosis; somnolence; agitation; confusion; ataxia; syncope; coma; death; CV—hypotension; bradycardia; Resp—depression; laryngospasm; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; constipation; n/v/d; F & E—vit D & B deficiency; Local—tissue necrosis c IV; inflammation c IM
  • no alcohol
  • no other CNS depressants
  • d/c slowly
205
Q

PENTOXIFYLLINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for intermittent claudication
  • ↓ viscosity of RBCs; ↑ flexibility of RBCs
  • causes GI/endo—upset
206
Q

✮ PERCOCET ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
207
Q

✮ PERCODAN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

hold if…

A
  • OPIOID
  • for severe pain
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS
  • causes Neuro—tolerance; dependence; withdrawal; sedation; confusion; blurred vision; euphoria; lightheadedness; dizziness; CV—hypotension; ortho hypotension; Resp—depression; apnea; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—itching; Imm—anaphylaxis
  • contraindicated with head injury; respiratory disorders; shock; hypotension
  • hold if respirations <12
208
Q

PERMETHRIN

class

indications

how to admin

A
  • SCABICIDE; PEDICULOCIDE
  • for lice; crab lice; scabies; other mites
  • lice—apply shampoo 10 mins before you rinse
  • scabies—apply 8-14 hours before bathing; repeat in 7-10 days if tx fails
209
Q

PHENELZINE

class

indication

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • MAOI
  • for depression
  • inhibits monoamine oxidase; serotonin, dopamine, norepinerphrine, epinephrine rise
  • causes Neuro—delirium; CNS stim; mania; dizziness; vertigo; CV—HTN crisis; ortho hypotension; GI/endo—constipation; dry mouth; MS—hyperreflexia
  • no foods containing tyramine
  • no vasoconstrictors; no cold medications
210
Q

PHENOBARBITAL

class

indications

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

caution

A
  • LONG ACTING BARBITUATE
  • for sedation; seizures
  • CNS depressant; intensifies GABA
  • causes Neuro—addiction; dependence; hallucinations; nightmares; CNS depression; hypnosis; somnolence; agitation; confusion; ataxia; syncope; coma; death; CV—hypotension; bradycardia; Resp—depression; laryngospasm; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; constipation; n/v/d; F & E—vit D & B deficiency; Local—tissue necrosis c IV; inflammation c IM
  • no alcohol
  • no other CNS depressants
  • d/c slowly
211
Q

PHENOZOPYRIDINE

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANALGESIC
  • for UT irritation
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—upset; liver toxicity (jaundice); F & E—renal toxicity; Integ—rash; Other—red/orange discoloration of skin, sclera, urine
  • monitor for jaundice & d/c if jaundice occurs
212
Q

PHENYLEPHRINE

class

indications

action

side effects

contraindication

caution

monitor…

A
  • ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST; SYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for PO—cold/allergy; IV—shock; topical/eye drop—pupil dilation for exam; topial/intranasal—congestion
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; restlessness; tremors; dizziness; CV—palpitations; dysrhythmias; HTN; tachycardia; Resp—dyspnea; pulmonary edema; GI/endo—dry mouth; n/v; hyperglycemia; F & E—urninary retention
  • contraindicated with HTN
  • caution with CV disease; hyperthyroidism; DM
  • monitor VS; urine output; glucose
213
Q

✮ PHENYTOIN ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

drug-drug interaction

intervention

therapeutic range

pregnancy category

A
  • HYDANTOIN
  • for seizures
  • inhibits Na+ influx; prevent disruptive neuron firing; stabilizes cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—slurred speech; ataxia; tremor; confusion; nystagmus; CV—dysrhythmias; thrombocytopenia; hypotension; GI/endo—inhibition of insulin; hyperglycemia; interference c folate absorption; gingival hyperplasia; Integ—Stevens Johnson syndrome; Imm—leukopenia; agranulocytosis; Rep—_teratogenic (_cleft palate; heart defects); Local—site irritation
  • never give with dextrose; always give with saline
  • flush line before & after use
  • therapeutic range—10-20 mcg/ml
  • pregnancy category D
214
Q

PILOCARPINE

class

indications

action

side effects

antidote

A
  • DIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC; PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for dry mouth; glaucoma
  • activates tissue response at receptors
  • causes Local—stinging; burning; tearing; red eyes; h/a
  • antidote—atropine
215
Q

POLYTHENE GLYCOL

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
216
Q

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

class

indication

caution

A
  • SUPPLEMENT
  • for hypokalemia
  • never give IV push (will cause death)
217
Q

✮ PRAVASTATIN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

drug-food interaction

drug-drug interaction

contraindication

supplement required

therapeutic effects seen…

A
  • STATIN
  • for HLD
  • inhibits HMG CoA reductase; ↓ LDL; ↑ HDL
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—↑ liver enzymes; abd pain; flatulence; cramps; constipation; F & E—acute renal failure; MS—rhabdomylysis; Integ—rash
  • NO grapefruit juice or alcohol
  • do NOT take with fibric acid agents
  • contraindicated during pregnancy
  • may require CoQ10 supplements
  • therapeutic effects appear in 2-4 weeks
218
Q

PRAZOSIN

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ALPHA 1 BLOCKER
  • for HTN
  • causes vasodilation
  • causes Neuro—dizzyness; h/a; CV—hypotension; tachycardia; flushing; Resp—nasal congestion; GI/endo—n/d; dyspepsia; F & E—edema; Rep—priapism (prolonged erection)
219
Q

✮ PREDNISONE ✮

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

caution

pregnancy category

start with a ______ dose, then…

A
  • CORTICOSTEROID
  • hormone replacement for Addison’s; suppression of inflammation; other uses
  • causes Neuro—mood changes/irritability; euphoria; nervousness; insomnia; personality change; cataracts; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; peptic ulcers; ↑ appetite; F & E—electrolyte imbalance; MS—osteoporosis/bone changes; Integ—delayed wound healing; acne; facial hair; Rep—menstrual changes; Other—Cushing’s syndrome
  • monitor for sx of infection; glucose
  • contraindicated during active infection
  • caution with DM & peptic ulcer disease
  • pregnancy category C
  • start with a large dose, then decrease
220
Q

PROCAINAMIDE

class

indications

A
  • SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
  • for a-fib; PACs; PVCs; V-tach
221
Q

✮ PROCHLORPERAZINE ✮

class

indication

side effects

A
  • PHENOTHIAZINE
  • for vomiting
  • causes Neuro—extrapyramidals; drowsiness; dystonia; photophobia; blurred vision; Resp—congestion; F & E—retention; Local—thrombophlebitis
222
Q

✮ PROMETHAZINE ✮

class

indication

side effects

how to admin

A
  • PHENOTHIAZINE
  • for vomiting
  • causes Neuro—extrapyramidals; drowsiness; dystonia; photophobia; blurred vision; Resp—congestion; F & E—retention; Local—thrombophlebitis
  • mix with 10mL & infuse slowly
223
Q

✮ PROPANOLOL ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

pre-admin assessment

caution

contraindications

A
  • BETA BLOCKER
  • for HTN; angina; MI prevention; dysrhythmias
  • block beta receptors in kidney to inhibit renin; ↓ HR, myocardial contraction, CO; ↑ renal perfusion
  • cause Neuro—depression; CV—bradycardia; ↓ CO; AV block; ortho hypotension; rebound myocardium; HF; arrhythmia; Resp—bronchospasm; GI/endo—n/v/d; hypoglycemia masking; Rep—↓ libido
  • assess BP & HR before admin; do not give if HR <60
  • d/c gradually
  • caution for DM pts
  • contraindicated for asthma pts; pts on Ca+ channel blockers
224
Q

PROPOFOL

class

indications

side effects

onset & duration

A
  • GENERAL ANESTHETIC
  • for surgery; sedation on ventilation
  • causes CV—hypotension; Resp—depression; arrest; apnea
  • o. 40-60 sec; d. 10-15 min
225
Q

PROPYLTHIOURACIL

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

A
  • ANTITHYROID
  • for hyperthyroidism; Graves’
  • inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones
  • causes Neuro—bradykinesia; emotional dullness; CV—bradycardia; anemia; GI/endo—wt gain; constipation
  • monitor VS; EKG; weight; glucose; TH levels
  • take in the morning on an empty stomach
  • d/c slowly & do not switch brands
226
Q

PROTAMINE SULFATE

class

indication

A
  • ANTIDOTE
  • for heparin & enoxaparin toxicity
227
Q

PSEUDOEPHEDRINE

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

also used for…

A
  • DECONGESTANT
  • for congestion
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; restlessness; anxiety; h/a; dizziness; Resp—rebound congestion (>3-5 days); CV—HTN
  • caution with HTN; CV disease; hyperthyroidism; DM
  • used to cook meth
228
Q

PSYLLIUM

class

indication

action

side effects

how to admin

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • BULK FORMING LAXATIVE
  • for chronic constipation
  • absorb water into intestine; promote large soft stools
  • causes GI/endo—cramps; bloating; diarrhea
  • mix in water/juice; follow with another cup of fluid; give as soon as it’s mixed
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction; abd surgery
229
Q

PYRAZINAMIDE

class

indication

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTITUBERCULIN ANTIBIOTIC (STRIPE)
  • for tuberculosis
  • causes Neuro—peripheral neuropathy; clumsiness; GI/endo—drug-induced hepatitis; jaundice; distress; F & E—vit B6 depletion; MS—bone marrow suppression; muscle ache; Rep—interference c oral contraception
  • caution with liver disease & alcoholism
230
Q

PYRIDOSTIGMINE

class

indication

action

side effects

antidote

A
  • INDIRECT CHOLINERGIC; PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for myasthenia gravis
  • inhibits cholinesterase; permits ACh to accumulate
  • causes CV—bradycardia; GI/endo—salivation; n/v; incontinence; F & E—urinary frequency; Other—tearing
  • antidote—atropine
231
Q

QUININE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIPROTOZOAL
  • for malaria
  • blocks parasitic DNA
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; retinal changes; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—hepatic dysfunction; n/v/d; anorexia; Integ—rash; pruritus; Imm—fever; chills; malaise
232
Q

✮ RANITIDINE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d; gynecomastia
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
233
Q

✮ REGULAR INSULIN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

onset, peak, duration

antidote

A
  • SHORT-ACTING INSULIN
  • for DM; gestational DM; steroid use
  • ↓ blood glucose
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia
  • monitor glucose
  • o. 30-60 min; p. 2-4 hr; d. 6-12 hr
  • antidote—dextrose
234
Q

REPAGLININE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • MEGLITINIDE
  • for T2DM
  • stimulates insulin release
  • causes GI/endo—hypoglycemia
  • monitor LFTs; glucose
235
Q

RETEPLASE

class

indications

action

side effects

window to use

monitor…

contraindications

antidote

A
  • THROMBOLYTIC/FIBRINOLYTIC
  • for thrombotic CVA; early onset MI; restoring patency of central lines
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin; destroys fibrin of clots
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; CV—bleeding; hypotension; reperfusion dysrhythmias; Imm—allergic reaction; fever
  • best used w/i 4-6 hours of CVA
  • monitor PTT/PT/INR; sx of allergic reaction; bleeding
  • contraindicated in recent major surgery or trauma; intracranial hemorrhage; history of GI bleed
  • antidote—aminocaproic acid
236
Q

RIFAMPIN

class

indication

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTITUBERCULIN ANTIBIOTIC (STRIPE)
  • for tuberculosis
  • causes Neuro—peripheral neuropathy; clumsiness; GI/endo—drug-induced hepatitis; jaundice; distress; F & E—vit B6 depletion; MS—bone marrow suppression; muscle ache; Rep—interference c oral contraception; Other—discoloration of sweat, tears
  • caution with liver disease & alcoholism
237
Q

RIMANTADINE

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for influenza
  • prevents viral replication
  • causes Neuro—lightheadedness; dizziness; insomnia; depression; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—nausea; Integ—Stevens-Johnson; Rep—teratogenic
  • caution with renal impairment
238
Q

RISPERIDONE

class

indications

side effects

less likely to cause _______

A
  • ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC
  • for schizophrenia, positive and negative sx; psychosis
  • causes Neuro—seizures; photosensitivity; NMS; drowsiness; sedation; h/a; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—wt gain; dry mouth; hyperglycemia; Other—fever
  • less likely to cause EPS
239
Q

RIVAROXABAN

class

indications

action

side effects

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for DVT; a-fib
  • inhibits factor X
  • causes CV—bleeding; GI/endo—upset
  • no antidote
240
Q

ROSIGLITAZONE

class

indication

action

side effects

contraindications

A
  • THIAZOLIDINEDIONE
  • for T2DM
  • ↓ insulin resistance
  • causes CV—↑ risk for adverse events; F & E—fluid retention
  • contraindicated with symptomatic heart disease; CHF
241
Q

✮ SCOPOLAMIDE ✮

class

indication

side effects

also called…

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for vomiting
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; dry mouth
  • also called “devil’s breath”
242
Q

SENNA

class

indication

action

monitor…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • irritates bowel
  • monitor F & E
243
Q

✮ SERTRALINE ✮

class

indications

actions

side effects

A
  • SSRI
  • for major depression & anxiety disorders
  • blocks reuptake of serotonin; enhances serotonin transmission
  • causes Neuro—suicidal ideation; seizures; serotonin syndrome; insomnia; h/a; dizziness; nervousness; tremors; GI/endo—wt changes; anorexia; n/d; Rep—sexual dysfunction
244
Q

SIMETHICONE

indication

A
  • for flatulence with antacids
245
Q

✮ SIMVASTATIN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

drug-food interaction

drug-drug interaction

contraindication

supplement required

therapeutic effects seen…

A
  • STATIN
  • for HLD
  • inhibits HMG CoA reductase; ↓ LDL; ↑ HDL
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—↑ liver enzymes; abd pain; flatulence; cramps; constipation; F & E—acute renal failure; MS—rhabdomylysis; Integ—rash
  • NO grapefruit juice or alcohol
  • do NOT take with fibric acid agents
  • contraindicated during pregnancy
  • may require CoQ10 supplements
  • therapeutic effects appear in 2-4 weeks
246
Q

SITAGLIPTIN

class

indication

actions

A
  • DPP-4 INHIBITOR INCRETIN ENHANCER
  • for T2DM
  • ↑ incretin hormone causes ↑ insulin release; ↓ glucagon production; ↑ fullness; ↓ food intake; slows gastric emptying
247
Q

SODIUIM BICARBONATE

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

may be given with…

A
  • ANTACID
  • symptomatic relief of hyperacidity; promotes ulcer healing
  • neutralizes HCl
  • causes GI/endo—constipation; gastric; acid rebound when d/c; Other—systemic alkalosis
  • monitor pH
  • admin 2 hours before/after other meds
  • simethicone may be added to reduce flatus
248
Q

SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
249
Q

SOMATREM

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

when to give

A
  • HORMONE
  • for GH deficit; dwarfism
  • stimulates skeletal & organ growth
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—insulin resistance; hyperglycemia; F & E—edema; MS—arthralgia; Imm—antibodies to GH; Other—injection site pain
  • monitor glucose; thyroid function; nutritional needs
  • caution with DM
  • give early in life before epiphyses close
250
Q

✮ SPIRONOLACTONE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

tx for side effect

A
  • POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC
  • for edema r/t HF, cirrhosis, renal disease; hyperaldosteronism; HTN
  • acts on collecting duct & late distal tubules; Na+ excretion and K+ retention
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; GI/endo—diarrhea; F & E—hyperkalemia; Androgen effects—hirsutism; gynecomastia; irregular menses; deepening voice
  • monitor K+ & sx of hyperkalemia
  • caution with ACE inhibitors (hyperkalemia)
  • hyperkalemia—kayexalate
251
Q

STREPTOKINASE

class

indications

action

side effects

window to use

monitor…

contraindications

antidote

A
  • THROMBOLYTIC/FIBRINOLYTIC
  • for thrombotic CVA; early onset MI; restoring patency of central lines
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin; destroys fibrin of clots
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; CV—bleeding; hypotension; reperfusion dysrhythmias; Imm—allergic reaction; fever
  • best used w/i 4-6 hours of CVA
  • monitor PTT/PT/INR; sx of allergic reaction; bleeding
  • contraindicated in recent major surgery or trauma; intracranial hemorrhage; history of GI bleed
  • antidote—aminocaproic acid
252
Q

STREPTOMYCIN

class

indication

action

side effects

therapeutic range

monitor…

tx for side effect

A
  • AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for serious, systemic G- infections
  • bactericidal; inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes Neuro—ototoxicity; neuromuscular blockade; F & E—nephrotoxicity
  • therapeutic range—5-10 mcg/mL
  • monitor renal function; s/s of ototoxicity
  • NMS tx—calcium gluconate
253
Q

SUCCINYLCHOLINE

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

A
  • NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION BLOCKER
  • for surgery; intubation; ventilation
  • causes temporary flaccid paralysis
  • causes CV—dysrhythmias; Resp—depression; arrest; apnea; bronchospasm
  • monitor cardio; resp
  • only give with ventilation & ACLS available
254
Q

SUCRALFATE

class

indications

actions

side effects

how to admin

A
  • PEPSIN INHIBITOR
  • for ulcers; oral & esophageal ulcers due to cancer tx
  • covers ulcer; protects from acid, pepsin, bile salts
  • causes Neuro—sleepiness; dizziness; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—dry mouth; n/v/d; indigestion; Integ—rash
  • dissolve tablet in water
255
Q

SULFADIAZINE

class

indications

action

spectrum

side effects

caution

A
  • SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for otitis media; UTI; STDs
  • inhibits folic acid synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—photophobia; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; F & E—toxic nephrosis; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—Stevens-Johnson; Imm—hypersensitivity; Rep—teratogenic
  • avoid sun exposure
256
Q

SULFASALAZINE

class

indications

action

spectrum

side effects

caution

A
  • SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for otitis media; UTI; STDs
  • inhibits folic acid synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—photophobia; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; F & E—toxic nephrosis; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—Stevens-Johnson; Imm—hypersensitivity; Rep—teratogenic
  • avoid sun exposure
257
Q

SUMATRIPTAN

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

works when?

A
  • ANTIMIGRAINE AGENT
  • for migraine
  • constricts cranial vessels
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—hypertension; coronary artery vasospasm; angina
  • caution with liver & heart disease
  • works w/i 10-20 mins
258
Q

TAMOXIFEN

class

indications

action

side effects

used with…

A
  • ANTIESTROGEN ANTINEOPLASTIC
  • for hormone sensitive tumors; breast cancer; prostate cancer
  • blocks substances essential for tumor growth
  • causes Neuro—pain; CV—stroke; PE; vaginal bleeding; GI/endo—n/v/d; F & E—edema; Integ—rash
  • used with corticosteroids
259
Q

TEDIZOLID

class

indication

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • OXAZOLIDINONE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for resistant infections
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—PMC; n/v/d
  • no tyramine containing foods
  • no MAOIs (HTN crisis)
260
Q

TELAVANCIN

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for severe G+ infections; MRSA
  • inhibits cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—ototoxicity; F & E—nephrotoxicity; Integ—red man syndrome (fast infusion)
  • monitor peak & trough (narrow TR)
261
Q

TELBIVUDINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for hepatitis B
  • blocks DNA replication
  • causes Neuro—h/a; asthenia; GI/endo—fatal hepatomegaly; nausea; F & E—nephrotoxicity; Other—lactic acidosis
262
Q

✮ TETRACYCLINE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

contraindication

A
  • TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for typhus; cholera; Rocky Mtn spotted fever; Lyme; H. pylori; chlamydia; acne
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes GI/endo—permanent discoloration of teeth (children); n/v/d; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—rash; Imm—superinfection; Rep—affects fetal bone/teeth dev
  • take iron & dairy 2 hours after taking
  • contraindicated for <8yo
263
Q

TICAGRELOR

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

A
  • ANTIPLATELET
  • for prevention of CVA, MI, DVT, etc
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—bleeding, bruising; thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—n/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
264
Q

TICLOPIDINE

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

A
  • ANTIPLATELET
  • for prevention of CVA, MI, DVT, etc
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—bleeding, bruising; thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—n/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
265
Q

TIOTROPIUM

class

indications

action

side effects

how to use

advantage

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for daily COPD sx; COPD maintenance
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; dizziness; h/a; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—distress; nausea
  • use 3-4x/day
  • fewer side effects than PO anticholinergics
266
Q

TOLTERODINE

class

indications

actions

side effects

tx for side effect

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANTISPASMODIC
  • for UT spasms (cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis); dysuria; incontinence; urgency; nocturia
  • blocks parasympathetic activity; suppresses overactivity
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; blurred vision; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—dry mouth; nausea; F & E—urinary hesitancy; Integ—↓ sweating
  • give water & hard candy for dry mouth
  • monitor intraocular pressure; I & O
267
Q

TOPIRAMATE

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • ANTICONVULSANT
  • for partial/focal seizures; migraines
  • blocks Na+ channels
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; ataxia; CV—heme disorders; GI/endo—hepatitis; n/v; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—Stevens Johnson; Rep—teratogenic (cleft palate; spina bifida)
  • pregnancy category D
268
Q

✮ TORSEMIDE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LOOP DIURETIC
  • for HF; pulmonary edema; kidney disease; liver disease; HTN
  • acts on loop of Henle; inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; paresthesia; ototoxicity; CV—dysrhythmias (hypokalemia); hypotension; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/v; F & E—severe F & E losses; dehydration; hyponatremia; hypokalemia; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; MS—↑ uric acid (gout)
  • monitor K+; glucose; sx dehydration; uric acid
269
Q

TRANYLCYPROMINE

class

indication

action

side effects

food-drug interaction

drug-drug interaction

A
  • MAOI
  • for depression
  • inhibits monoamine oxidase; serotonin, dopamine, norepinerphrine, epinephrine rise
  • causes Neuro—delirium; CNS stim; mania; dizziness; vertigo; CV—HTN crisis; ortho hypotension; GI/endo—constipation; dry mouth; MS—hyperreflexia
  • no foods containing tyramine
  • no vasoconstrictors; no cold medications
270
Q

✮ TRIAMTERENE ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

caution

tx for side effect

A
  • POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC
  • for edema r/t HF, cirrhosis, renal disease; hyperaldosteronism; HTN
  • acts on collecting duct & late distal tubules; Na+ excretion and K+ retention
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; GI/endo—diarrhea; F & E—hyperkalemia; Androgen effects—hirsutism; gynecomastia; irregular menses; deepening voice
  • monitor K+ & sx of hyperkalemia
  • caution with ACE inhibitors (hyperkalemia)
  • hyperkalemia—kayexalate
271
Q

✮ TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

COTRIMOXAZOLE ✮

class

indications

action

spectrum

side effects

caution

A
  • SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for otitis media; UTI; STDs
  • inhibits folic acid synthesis
  • broad spectrum
  • causes Neuro—photophobia; GI/endo—hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; F & E—toxic nephrosis; MS—bone marrow suppression; Integ—Stevens-Johnson; Imm—hypersensitivity; Rep—teratogenic
  • avoid sun exposure
272
Q

TROSPIUM

class

indications

actions

side effects

tx for side effect

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANTISPASMODIC
  • for UT spasms (cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis); dysuria; incontinence; urgency; nocturia
  • blocks parasympathetic activity; suppresses overactivity
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; blurred vision; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—dry mouth; nausea; F & E—urinary hesitancy; Integ—↓ sweating
  • give water & hard candy for dry mouth
  • monitor intraocular pressure; I & O
273
Q

VALACYCLOVIR

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for herpes infection
  • lowers frequency of episodes; diminishes intensity
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; tremors; GI/endo—n/v; Integ—rash
  • caution with renal & hepatic disease
274
Q

✮ VALPROIC ACID ✮

class

indications

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • VALPROATE
  • for seizures; migraines
  • ↑ GABA
  • causes Neuro—sedation; drowsiness; h/a; tinnitus; CV—prolonged bleeding time; GI/endo—pancreatitis; hepatotoxicity; n/v/d; dyspepsia; Rep—teratogenic
  • pregnancy category D & X
275
Q

✮ VALSARTAN ✮

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER
  • for HTN
  • prevents angiotensin II from reaching receptors; causes vasodilation
  • causes Neuro—dizzyness; h/a; CV—hypotension; GI/endo—diarrhea; abd pain
276
Q

VANCOMYCIN

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC
  • for severe G+ infections; MRSA
  • inhibits cell membranes
  • causes Neuro—ototoxicity; F & E—nephrotoxicity; Integ—red man syndrome (fast infusion)
  • monitor peak & trough (narrow TR)
277
Q

VASOPRESSIN

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

caution

A
  • ANTIDIURETIC
  • for diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency)
  • ↑ water reabsorption; hemostatic—shortens clotting time; ↑ CO; peripheral vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—h/a; CV—↑ BP; GI/endo—nausea; F & E—fluid retention; electrolyte imbalance; hyponatremia; water intoxication; Other—facial flushing; reaction at injection site
  • monitor BP; I & O; electrolytes; thirst
  • caution with HTN
278
Q

VENLAFAXINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • SNRI
  • for depression
  • causes serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine reuptake
  • causes Neuro—suicidal ideation (younger pop); serotonin syndrome; CV—tachycardia; HTN; GI/endo—n/v; constipation; F & E—urinary retention; Integ—sweating; Rep—ED
279
Q

VERAPAMIL

class

indications

A
  • CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
  • for paroxysmal SVT; supreventricular tachycardia
280
Q

VINCRISTINE

class

indications

action

side effects

A
  • MITOTIC INHIBITOR/PLANT ALKALOID
  • for leukemia; Hodgkin lymphoma
  • blocks cell division
  • causes Neuro—neurotoxicity; peripheral nerve damage; ataxia; MS—muscle wasting; Integ—alopecia; Imm—leukopenia
281
Q

✮ WARFARIN ✮

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

food-drug interaction

contraindication

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for prevention of thromboembolism
  • prolongs bleeding time; prevents clots; inhibits hepatic synthesis of vit K & clotting factors
  • causes CV—hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia
  • monitor for signs of bleeding; PT/PTT/aPPT/INR
  • admin FFP for bleeding
  • eat vitamin K rich foods consistently
  • contraindicated in pregnancy
  • antidote—injectable vitamin K
282
Q

ZIDOVUDINE

class

indication

action

side effects

how to admin

A
  • ANTIVIRAL
  • for HIV/AIDS
  • prevents viral replication
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—liver dysfunction; n/v/d; Imm—fever; chills
  • take around the clock; do not miss a dose
283
Q

ZOLMITRIPTAN

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

works when?

A
  • ANTIMIGRAINE AGENT
  • for migraine
  • constricts cranial vessels
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—hypertension; coronary artery vasospasm; angina
  • caution with liver & heart disease
  • works w/i 10-20 mins
284
Q

ZOLPIDEM

class

indication

action

side effects

when to take

caution

works when?

A
  • SEDATIVE/HYPNOTIC
  • for insomnia
  • CNS depressant
  • causes Neuro—depression; suicidal thoughts; severe neuropsychiatric reaction; hallucinations; sensory distortion; sleepwalking; daytime sedation; confusion; amnesia; dizziness; GI/endo—nocturnal eating
  • take before sleeping
  • fall risk
  • works in 7-27 mins
285
Q

✮ AZELASTINE ✮

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
286
Q

✮ LORADATINE ✮

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
287
Q

✮ CETIRIZINE ✮

class

indication

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
288
Q

✮ OLOPATADINE ✮

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine

NS373—Pharmacology (18 decks)

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