Exam 2 Notes Flashcards
Chemotherapeutic drugs
Used to destroy organisms & abnormal cells
function of lipoproteins
stabilize membrane
function of histocompatibility antigens
identifies cell & ensures it doesn’t attack itself
G+ bacteria
staph, strep, enterococci
G- bacteria
E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, salmonella
less effect on normal flora - less adverse effects
narrow spectrum antibiotics
Natural resistance
antibiotics act on specific enzyme systems or processes, so bacteria that don’t use that system or process
3 methods of acquired resistance
Production of enzymes that inactivate drug
Changes cell permeability
Alter binding sites
preventing resistance
Limit Ab use
Assure dose is high enough and prescribed long enough
Around the clock dosing
Culture when possible
Take exactly as prescribed
Take all of prescription - even if you feel better
goal of antibiotics
reduce bacterial load so immune system can handle it
prophylactic antibiotics
given during surgery to prevent infection
complications of anaphylaxis
bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, vascular collapse, potential cardiac arrest
treatment for anaphylaxis
epinephrine, antihistamine, bronchodilator, corticosteroid
mature virus particles
virions
________ released by cell in response to viral infection
interferons
yeast genus part of normal flora of mucous membranes
candida
tinea pedis
athlete’s foot
tinea cruris
genital yeast infection
tinea corporis
ringworm
oral candidiasis
thrush
mycosis
systemic fungal infection
mycoses occur most often and are most dangerous in _______ patients
immunocompromised
roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, threadworms, ascaris, hookworm
nematodes
flatworms, tapeworms
platyhelminths
2 types of helminths
intestine invading
tissue invading
trichinosis invades…
heart, lung, brain
filariasis invades…
lymph
shistosomiasis invades…
liver, spleen, CNS, heart
chemo agents can interfere with…
cell replication
supply of nutrients
genetic materials
prevents or treats adverse chemo drug effects
adjunctive therapy
chemo agents most effective against…
fast growing cells
general principles of antineoplastics
Combination of drugs more effective than single-drug
Frequently used c radiation and/or surgery
Sometimes used in small doses for nonmalignant conditions
Most are teratogenic
Cancer cells often develop resistance to drugs
most effective doses for chemo agents
highest that tissue can tolerate
2 types of cellular defenses
lymphocytes
myelocytes
inflammation purpose
contain injury & destroy microbe
anti-inflammatory drug actions
inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandin & COX
analgesic properties
relieve mild pain
antipyretic properties
reduce body temp
anticoagulant properties
inhibits platelet aggregation
COX needed for…
biosynthesis of prostaglandins
low dose of aspirin used for anticoagulant effects
81 mg/day
4 risks for bleeding on aspirin
> 60 yrs
Use anticoagulants or corticosteroids
Smoking
Alcohol use
_____ distress common c aspirin; _________ aspirin designed to prevent it
GI distress
enteric-coated
aspirin toxicity
salicyclism
s/s salicyclism
tinnitus, dizziness, h/a, excessive diaphoresis, fever, initial respiratory alkalosis r/t hyperventilation; then metabolic acidosis
tx for salicyclism
treat acidosis; admin activated charcoal
actions of COX-1 inhibitors
block platelet aggregation; block vasodilation; block bronchodilation; block stomach and renal protection
actions of COX-2 inhibitors
block inflammation, pain, fever; increase platelet aggregation
increased bleeding risk c aspirin
ibuprofen
immune stimulants
energizes immune system when it is exhausted or needs help
immune suppressants needed when?
autoimmune disease & to prevent transplant rejection
vaccine available - tx c Cipro/Doxy
anthrax
no vaccine - tx c Cipro/Doxy
plague & tularemia
vaccine military only - no effective treatment
smallpox
vaccines for military/high risk - tx c antitoxin
botulism
2019 vaccine - no standard treatment
viral hemorrhagic fever
