Exam 2 Notes

Question 1

Chemotherapeutic drugs

Answer 1

Used to destroy organisms & abnormal cells

Question 2

function of lipoproteins

Answer 2

stabilize membrane

Question 3

function of histocompatibility antigens

Answer 3

identifies cell & ensures it doesn’t attack itself

Question 4

G+ bacteria

Answer 4

staph, strep, enterococci

Question 5

G- bacteria

Answer 5

E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, salmonella

Question 6

less effect on normal flora - less adverse effects

Answer 6

narrow spectrum antibiotics

Question 7

Natural resistance

Answer 7

antibiotics act on specific enzyme systems or processes, so bacteria that don’t use that system or process

Question 8

3 methods of acquired resistance

Answer 8

Production of enzymes that inactivate drug
Changes cell permeability
Alter binding sites

Question 9

preventing resistance

Answer 9

Limit Ab use
Assure dose is high enough and prescribed long enough
Around the clock dosing
Culture when possible
Take exactly as prescribed
Take all of prescription - even if you feel better

Question 10

goal of antibiotics

Answer 10

reduce bacterial load so immune system can handle it

Question 11

prophylactic antibiotics

Answer 11

given during surgery to prevent infection

Question 12

complications of anaphylaxis

Answer 12

bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, vascular collapse, potential cardiac arrest

Question 13

treatment for anaphylaxis

Answer 13

epinephrine, antihistamine, bronchodilator, corticosteroid

Question 14

mature virus particles

Answer 14

virions

Question 15

________ released by cell in response to viral infection

Answer 15

interferons

Question 16

yeast genus part of normal flora of mucous membranes

Answer 16

candida

Question 17

tinea pedis

Answer 17

athlete’s foot

Question 18

tinea cruris

Answer 18

genital yeast infection

Question 19

tinea corporis

Answer 19

ringworm

Question 20

oral candidiasis

Answer 20

thrush

Question 21

mycosis

Answer 21

systemic fungal infection

Question 22

mycoses occur most often and are most dangerous in _______ patients

Answer 22

immunocompromised

Question 23

roundworms, pinworms, whipworms, threadworms, ascaris, hookworm

Answer 23

nematodes

Question 24

flatworms, tapeworms

Answer 24

platyhelminths

Question 25

2 types of helminths

Answer 25

intestine invading

tissue invading

Question 26

trichinosis invades…

Answer 26

heart, lung, brain

Question 27

filariasis invades…

Answer 27

lymph

Question 28

shistosomiasis invades…

Answer 28

liver, spleen, CNS, heart

Question 29

chemo agents can interfere with…

Answer 29

cell replication
supply of nutrients
genetic materials

Question 30

prevents or treats adverse chemo drug effects

Answer 30

adjunctive therapy

Question 31

chemo agents most effective against…

Answer 31

fast growing cells

Question 32

general principles of antineoplastics

Answer 32

Combination of drugs more effective than single-drug
Frequently used c radiation and/or surgery
Sometimes used in small doses for nonmalignant conditions
Most are teratogenic
Cancer cells often develop resistance to drugs

Question 33

most effective doses for chemo agents

Answer 33

highest that tissue can tolerate

Question 34

2 types of cellular defenses

Answer 34

lymphocytes

myelocytes

Question 35

inflammation purpose

Answer 35

contain injury & destroy microbe

Question 36

anti-inflammatory drug actions

Answer 36

inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandin & COX

Question 37

analgesic properties

Answer 37

relieve mild pain

Question 38

antipyretic properties

Answer 38

reduce body temp

Question 39

anticoagulant properties

Answer 39

inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 40

COX needed for…

Answer 40

biosynthesis of prostaglandins

Question 41

low dose of aspirin used for anticoagulant effects

Answer 41

81 mg/day

Question 42

4 risks for bleeding on aspirin

Answer 42

> 60 yrs
Use anticoagulants or corticosteroids
Smoking
Alcohol use

Question 43

_____ distress common c aspirin; _________ aspirin designed to prevent it

Answer 43

GI distress

enteric-coated

Question 44

aspirin toxicity

Answer 44

salicyclism

Question 45

s/s salicyclism

Answer 45

tinnitus, dizziness, h/a, excessive diaphoresis, fever, initial respiratory alkalosis r/t hyperventilation; then metabolic acidosis

Question 46

tx for salicyclism

Answer 46

treat acidosis; admin activated charcoal

Question 47

actions of COX-1 inhibitors

Answer 47

block platelet aggregation; block vasodilation; block bronchodilation; block stomach and renal protection

Question 48

actions of COX-2 inhibitors

Answer 48

block inflammation, pain, fever; increase platelet aggregation

Question 49

increased bleeding risk c aspirin

Answer 49

ibuprofen

Question 50

immune stimulants

Answer 50

energizes immune system when it is exhausted or needs help

Question 51

immune suppressants needed when?

Answer 51

autoimmune disease & to prevent transplant rejection

Question 52

vaccine available - tx c Cipro/Doxy

Answer 52

anthrax

Question 53

no vaccine - tx c Cipro/Doxy

Answer 53

plague & tularemia

Question 54

vaccine military only - no effective treatment

Answer 54

smallpox

Question 55

vaccines for military/high risk - tx c antitoxin

Answer 55

botulism

Question 56

2019 vaccine - no standard treatment

Answer 56

viral hemorrhagic fever