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NS373—Pharmacology > Exam 5 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 5 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

ACETAZOLAMIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
  • for glaucoma & adjunct to other diuretics
  • formation of sodium bicarb & excretion of hydrogen
  • causes Neuro—weakness; fatigue; paresthesia; confusion; Resp—rapid shallow breathing (acidemia); GI/endo—anorexia; F & E—acidic urine; metabolic acidosis (loss of bicarb); hypokalemia; MS—bone marrow suppression
  • monitor pH & K+
  • contraindicated in pts with sulfonamide or thiazide allergy
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2
Q

ACETYLCYSTEINE

classes

indications

action

side effects

take with…

A
  • ANTIDOTE; MUCOLYTIC
  • for acetaminophen toxicity; sputum sample
  • ↓ viscosity of mucus
  • causes Resp—bronchospasm; rhinorrhea; GI/endo—stomatitis; nausea; Integ—urticaria
  • mix with fruit juice
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3
Q

ALBUTEROL

class

indication

route

action

side effects

how to admin

onset & duration

may be given with…

A
  • BETA 2 ADRENERGIC
  • for acute asthma attacks
  • route—MDI rescue inhaler
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; tremor; CV—tachycardia; dysrhythmias; palpitations; angina; HTN; GI/endo—hyperglycemia
  • use with a spacer; hold breath for 10 seconds after inhaling; 1 min between puffs; give 5 mins before steroid admin; rinse mouth after steroid (thrush)
  • o. 30 mins; d. 2-6 hours
  • may be given with epinephrine (Adrenalin)
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4
Q

ALETPLASE

class

indications

action

side effects

used when?

monitor…

contraindications

antidote

A
  • THROMBOLYTIC/FIBRINOLYTIC
  • for thrombotic CVA; early onset MI; restoring patency of central lines
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin; destroys fibrin of clots
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; CV—bleeding; hypotension; reperfusion dysrhythmias; Imm—allergic reaction; fever
  • best used w/i 4-6 hours of CVA
  • monitor PTT/PT/INR; sx of allergic reaction; bleeding
  • contraindicated in recent major surgery or trauma; intracranial hemorrhage; history of GI bleed
  • antidote—aminocaproic acid
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5
Q

ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

when to admin

may be given with…

A
  • ANTACID
  • symptomatic relief of hyperacidity; promotes ulcer healing
  • neutralizes HCl
  • causes GI/endo—constipation; gastric; acid rebound when d/c; Other—systemic alkalosis
  • monitor pH
  • admin 2 hours before/after other meds
  • simethicone may be added to reduce flatus
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6
Q

AMILORIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

drug-drug interaction

tx for side effect

A
  • POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC
  • for edema r/t HF, cirrhosis, renal disease; hyperaldosteronism; HTN
  • acts on collecting duct & late distal tubules; Na+ excretion and K+ retention
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; GI/endo—diarrhea; F & E—hyperkalemia; Androgen effects—hirsutism; gynecomastia; irregular menses; deepening voice
  • monitor K+ & sx of hyperkalemia
  • caution with ACE inhibitors (hyperkalemia)
  • hyperkalemia—kayexalate
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7
Q

AMINOCAPROIC ACID

class

indication

A
  • HEMOSTATIC AGENT
  • for thrombolytic/fibrinolytic toxicity
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8
Q

AMINOPHYLLINE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

drug-drug/food interaction

therapeutic range

A
  • METHYLXANTHINE
  • for asthma; other chronic lung conditions
  • dilates bronchioles; stimulates CNS; stimulates respiration
  • causes Neuro—h/a; nervousness; CV—hypotension; dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v; stomach pain; MS—convulsions
  • monitor levels (if side effects occur)
  • NO stimulants (caffeine; nicotine; chocolate)
  • TR—5-15 mcg/mL
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9
Q

ASPIRIN

class

indications

actions

side effects

pregnancy category

contraindications

caution

how to take

antidote

A
  • SALICYCLATE; ANTIPLATELET; ANTIPYRETIC; NONOPIOID ANALGESIC; NSAID
  • for clot prevention; pain; fever; inflammation
  • inhibits prostaglandins; inhibits platelet aggregation
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; ototoxicity; tinnitus; confusion; CV—↑ bleeding time; blood dyscrasias; thrombocytopenia; Resp—hyperventilation; GI/endo—n/v/d; dyspepsia; epigastric pain; anorexia; ulcers; F & E—dehydration; Integ—urticaria; diaphoresis; Imm—anaphylaxis; Other—Reye’s (childhood toxicity); Salicyclism (adult toxicity)
  • pregnancy category D in 3rd trimester
  • contraindicated in children, especially with a fever
  • avoid activity risking injury/bleeding
  • take with food
  • antidote—activated charcoal
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10
Q

AZELASTINE

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
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11
Q

BISACODYL

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

contraindication

A
  • STIMULANT LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • irritate nerve endings in intestinal mucosa; stimulate peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—n/v/d; cramps; laxative dependence; F & E—imbalance
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
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12
Q

BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE

class

indication

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • OTC
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13
Q

BUDESONIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID
  • prophylaxis for asthma
  • anti-inflammatory
  • causes Neuro—h/a; Resp—drying of nasal mucosae; Imm—infection risk; Local—burning; stinging; irritation
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14
Q

BUMETANIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LOOP DIURETIC
  • for HF; pulmonary edema; kidney disease; liver disease; HTN
  • acts on loop of Henle; inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; paresthesia; ototoxicity; CV—dysrhythmias (hypokalemia); hypotension; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/v; F & E—severe F & E losses; dehydration; hyponatremia; hypokalemia; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; MS—↑ uric acid (gout)
  • monitor K+; glucose; sx dehydration; uric acid
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15
Q

CALCIUM SALTS

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

when to admin

may be given with…

A
  • ANTACID
  • symptomatic relief of hyperacidity; promotes ulcer healing
  • neutralizes HCl
  • causes GI/endo—gastric; acid rebound when d/c; Other—systemic alkalosis
  • monitor pH
  • admin 2 hours before/after other meds
  • simethicone may be added to reduce flatus
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16
Q

causes acidosis, rapid shallow breathing, hypokalemia

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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17
Q

causes bradycardia & thickening of bronchial secretions

A

diphenhydramine

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18
Q

causes bronchospasm; rhinorrhea; stomatitis

A

acetylcysteine

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19
Q

causes cardiac decompensation, dehydration, hypokalemia

A

mannitol

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20
Q

causes confusion, somnolence, gynecomastia

A

cimetidine

(other histamine blockers w/o gynecomastia)

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21
Q

causes dark tarry stools, teeth staining

A

iron

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22
Q

causes extrapyramidals; dystonia; photophobia; thrombophlebitis

A

phenothiazines

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23
Q

causes extrapyramidals; parkinsonlike reaction

A

metoclopramide

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24
Q

causes fracture risk

A

PPIs

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25
Q

causes hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia

A

anticoags

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26
Q

causes HTN, thrombolytic event

A

erythropoietic growth factors

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27
Q

causes HTN; hyperglycemia; nervousness; tachycardia

A

albuterol

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28
Q

causes hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, gout

A

thiazide diuretics

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29
Q

causes hyperkalemia, androgen effects

A

K+ sparing diuretics

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30
Q

causes hypotension; convulsions; nervousness

A

aminophylline

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31
Q

causes infection; cough; pharyngitis

A

montelukast

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32
Q

causes liver toxicity, jaundice, red/orange discoloration of skin, sclera, urine

A

phenozopyridine

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33
Q

causes miscarriage; hypermenorrhea

A

misoprostol

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34
Q

causes myalgia; urinary retention; constipation

A

ondansetron

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35
Q

causes nervousness & rebound congestion if overused

A

decongestants

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36
Q

causes ototoxicity, blood dyscrasias, hyperventilation, urticaria

A

aspirin

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37
Q

causes ototoxicity, paresthesias, hypokalemia, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia

A

loop diuretics

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38
Q

causes reperfusion dysrhythmias, bleeding

A

thrombolytic/fibrinolytics

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39
Q

causes reperfusion dysrhythmias, bleeding

A

thrombolytic/fibrinolytics

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40
Q

causes resp depression & drowsiness

A

dextromethorphan

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41
Q

causes stomatitis, erythema

A

hydroxyurea

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42
Q

causes sytemic alkalosis

A

antacids

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43
Q

causes tachycardia, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy

A

UT antispasmodics

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44
Q

CETIRIZINE

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
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45
Q

CLOPIDOGREL

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

A
  • ANTIPLATELET
  • for prevention of CVA, MI, DVT, etc
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—bleeding, bruising; thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—n/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
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46
Q

DEXTROMETHORPHAN

class

indication

action

side effects

may contain…

A
  • ANTITUSSIVE
  • for nonproductive cough
  • depresses cough reflex in medulla’s cough center
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; drowsiness; Resp—depression; GI—nausea
  • may contain codeine
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47
Q

DICHLORPHENAMIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
  • for glaucoma & adjunct to other diuretics
  • formation of sodium bicarb & excretion of hydrogen
  • causes Neuro—weakness; fatigue; paresthesia; confusion; Resp—rapid shallow breathing (acidemia); GI/endo—anorexia; F & E—acidic urine; metabolic acidosis (loss of bicarb); hypokalemia; MS—bone marrow suppression
  • monitor pH & K+
  • contraindicated in pts with sulfonamide or thiazide allergy
48
Q

DIPHENOXYLATE + ATROPINE

class

indication

action

schedule

OTC or Rx

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • slows GI motility
  • schedule V
  • Rx
49
Q

DOCUSATE SODIUM

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • STOOL SOFTENER
  • for prevention of constipation
  • causes GI/endo—n/d; cramps; bloating
  • monitor last BM
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
50
Q

ENOXAPARIN

class

indication

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

contraindications

advantages

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN
  • for prevention of thromboembolism
  • prevents clotting
  • causes CV—hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
  • adminstered SQ into the “love handles”; do not rub; hold firm pressure
  • caution with spinal anesthesia
  • contraindicated with CVA; peptic ulcers; blood dyscrasias; eye, brain and spinal surgery
  • advantages over heparin—↓ bleeding risk, side effects; less effects on thrombin, clotting, PT; better stability in pt response; aPTT monitoring unnecessary; home admin allowed
  • antidote—protamine sulfate
51
Q

EPOIETIN ALFA & ERYTHROPOIETIN

class

indication

action

side effects

tx goal

A
  • ERYTHROPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR
  • for anemia r/t renal failure or chemotherapy
  • acts on bone marrow to ↑ RBC production
  • causes Neuro—h/a; body ache; seizures; dizziness; CV—HTN; thrombolytic event; GI/endo—n/v/d; F & E—edema
  • tx goal—Hgb to 10-11 g/dL; Hct to 33%
52
Q

FAMOTIDINE

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE-2 BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
53
Q

FERROUS SULFATE

class

indication

action

side effects

give with…

contraindications

caution

A
  • IRON SUPPLEMENT
  • for anemia
  • ↑ hemoglobin & RBC production
  • causes GI/endo—n/v; constipation; dark, tarry stools; teeth staining (liquid)
  • give with vitamin C
  • contraindicated with tetracyclines & antacids
  • OD may be fatal in children
54
Q

FLUTICASONE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID
  • prophylaxis for asthma
  • anti-inflammatory
  • causes Neuro—h/a; Resp—drying of nasal mucosae; Imm—infection risk; Local—burning; stinging; irritation
55
Q

FUROSEMIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LOOP DIURETIC
  • for HF; pulmonary edema; kidney disease; liver disease; HTN
  • acts on loop of Henle; inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; paresthesia; ototoxicity; CV—dysrhythmias (hypokalemia); hypotension; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/v; F & E—severe F & E losses; dehydration; hyponatremia; hypokalemia; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; MS—↑ uric acid (gout)
  • monitor K+; glucose; sx dehydration; uric acid
56
Q

GUAIFENESIN

class

indication

side effects

take with…

A
  • EXPECTORANT
  • for productive cough
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; h/a; GI—n/v
  • encourage fluids
57
Q

HEPARIN

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

how to admin

caution

pregnancy safety

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for DVT; PE; coronary thrombosis; artificial heart valves; non-hemorrhagic CVA
  • prolongs bleeding time & prevents clots
  • causes CV—hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia
  • monitor for signs of bleeding; PTT/aPPT
  • hold firm pressure over SQ injection; do not rub
  • caution with spinal anesthesia
  • does not cross placenta; does cross breastmilk
  • antidote—protamine sulfate
58
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

effective when?

A
  • THIAZIDE DIURETIC
  • for HTN (first line); mild/moderate HF
  • acts on distal convoluted tubule; inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption; increases water & K+ excretion
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v/d; hyperglycemia; F & E—hypercalcemia; hypokalemia; MS—↑ uric acid (gout); muscle cramps & spasms
  • monitor for dehydration; Ca+; K+; glucose; uric acid
  • give KCl for hypokalemia
  • not effective immediately
59
Q

HYDROXYUREA

class

indication

actions

side effects

A
  • ANTINEOPLASTIC
  • for sickle cell anemia
  • ↑ amt of hemoglobin produced in bone marrow; dilutes formation of abnormal hemoglobin; less clogging of small vessels
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; h/a; GI/endo—stomatitis; anorexia; n/v; MS—bone marrow depression; Integ—rash; erythema
60
Q

INDAPAMIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

effective when?

A
  • THIAZIDE DIURETIC
  • for HTN (first line); mild/moderate HF
  • acts on distal convoluted tubule; inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption; increases water & K+ excretion
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v/d; hyperglycemia; F & E—hypercalcemia; hypokalemia; MS—↑ uric acid (gout); muscle cramps & spasms
  • monitor for dehydration; Ca+; K+; glucose; uric acid
  • give KCl for hypokalemia
  • not effective immediately
61
Q

IPRATROPIUM

class

indication

action

side effects

how to use

advantage

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for daily COPD sx; COPD maintenance
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; dizziness; h/a; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—distress; nausea
  • use 3-4x/day
  • fewer side effects than PO anticholinergics
62
Q

KAYEXALATE

class

indication

given with…

A
  • ELECTROLYTE MODIFIER
  • for hyperkalemia
  • given with K+ sparing diuretics
63
Q

LACTOBACILLUS

class

indication

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • OTC
64
Q

LACTULOSE

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

caution

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
  • caution with DM
65
Q

LANSOPRAZOLE

class

indications

action

side effects

how to take

caution

how long does it take to work

A
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
  • for gastric & duodenal ulcers; erosive esophagitis; GERD
  • inhibits H+/K+ ATPase system in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; pain; MS—fracture risk
  • take 1x/day, prior to breakfast
  • do not chew, crush, break
  • takes a few weeks to work
66
Q

LOPERAMIDE

class

indication

OTC or Rx?

A
  • ANTIDIARRHEAL
  • for diarrhea
  • OTC
67
Q

LORATADINE

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
68
Q

LUBIPROSTONE

class

indication

monitor…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for IBS
  • monitor F & E
69
Q

MANNITOL

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

storage & admin intervention

contraindication

A
  • OSMOTIC DIURETIC
  • for acute renal failure 2nd to OD, shock, trauma; high ICP; high intraocular pressure 2nd to glaucoma
  • acts on prox tubules, loop of Henle, collecting duct; inhibits water & Na+ reabsorption; promotes mvmt of toxins through kidneys
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—hypotension; cardiac decompensation in HF; GI/endo—dry mouth; thirst; n/v; F & E—dehydration; sudden drop in fluids; hypokalemia
  • monitor K+; Na+; uric acid; glucose; kidney function
  • crystallizes when exposed to cold; use a filtered needle and keep out of cold
  • contraindicated in HF
70
Q

METHYCLOTHIAZIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

effective when?

A
  • THIAZIDE DIURETIC
  • for HTN (first line); mild/moderate HF
  • acts on distal convoluted tubule; inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption; increases water & K+ excretion
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; CV—ortho hypotension; GI/endo—n/v/d; hyperglycemia; F & E—hypercalcemia; hypokalemia; MS—↑ uric acid (gout); muscle cramps & spasms
  • monitor for dehydration; Ca+; K+; glucose; uric acid
  • give KCl for hypokalemia
  • not effective immediately
71
Q

METHYLNALTEXONE

class

indication

monitor…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for opioid-induced constipation
  • monitor F & E
72
Q

METOCLOPRAMIDE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • GI STIMULANT
  • for postop, chemo-related n/v
  • stimulates parasympathetic activity; ↑ ACh sensitivity; stimulates gastric emptying
  • causes Neuro—restlessness; extrapyramidals; drowsiness; fatigue; Parkinson-like reactions; GI—n/d
73
Q

MILK OF MAGNESIA

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
74
Q

MISOPROSTOL

class

indication

action

side effects

pregnancy category

A
  • PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE
  • for gastric distress with NSAIDs
  • suppresses acid secretion; ↑ cytoprotective mucus
  • causes GI/endo—n/v/d; flatulence; Rep—miscarriage; hypermenorrhea
  • pregnancy category X
75
Q

MOMETASONE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • INTRANASAL CORTICOSTEROID
  • prophylaxis for asthma
  • anti-inflammatory
  • causes Neuro—h/a; Resp—drying of nasal mucosae; Imm—infection risk; Local—burning; stinging; irritation
76
Q

MONTELUKAST

class

indications

actions

side effects

A
  • LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIER
  • for prophylaxis of chronic bronchial asthma; allergic reactions
  • inhibits bronchoconstriction; reduces inflammation
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; Resp—infection; cough; pharyngitis; GI/endo—n/v
77
Q

NIZATIDINE

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
78
Q

NOLOXEGOL

class

indication

monitor…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for opioid-induced constipation
  • monitor F & E
79
Q

OLOPATADINE

class

indications

side effects

advantage

A
  • ANTIHISTAMINE 2ND GEN
  • for allergy sx; hay fever; hives; itching; watery eyes; sneezing
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; tiredness; paradoxical excitation (children); GI/endo—dry mouth; stomach pain
  • fewer sx than diphenhydramine
80
Q

OMEPRAZOLE

class

indications

action

side effects

how to take

caution

how long does it take to work

A
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
  • for gastric & duodenal ulcers; erosive esophagitis; GERD
  • inhibits H+/K+ ATPase system in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; pain; MS—fracture risk
  • take 1x/day, prior to breakfast
  • do not chew, crush, break
  • takes a few weeks to work
81
Q

OMETIDINE

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
82
Q

ONDANSETRON

class

indication

side effects

advantage

A
  • SEROTONIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
  • for chemo-related n/v
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; drowsiness; GI/endo—constipation; F & E—retention; MS—myalgia
  • no extrapydramidals
83
Q

OXYBUTYNIN

class

indications

actions

side effects

tx for side effect

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANTISPASMODIC
  • for UT spasms (cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis); dysuria; incontinence; urgency; nocturia
  • blocks parasympathetic activity; suppresses overactivity
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; blurred vision; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—dry mouth; nausea; F & E—urinary hesitancy; Integ—↓ sweating
  • give water & hard candy for dry mouth
  • monitor intraocular pressure; I & O
84
Q

OXYMETAZOLINE

class

indications

action

side effects

contraindication

monitor…

use for how long?

A
  • ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST; SYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for PO—cold/allergy; IV—shock; topical/eye drop—pupil dilation for exam; topial/intranasal—congestion
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; restlessness; tremors; dizziness; anxiety; h/a; CV—palpitations; dysrhythmias; HTN; tachycardia; Resp—dyspnea; pulmonary edema; rebound congestion GI/endo—dry mouth; n/v; hyperglycemia; F & E—urninary retention
  • contraindicated with HTN
  • monitor VS; urine output; glucose
  • rebound effect—use no more than 3-5 days
85
Q

PANTOPRAZOLE

class

indications

action

side effects

how to take

caution

how long does it take to work

A
  • PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
  • for gastric & duodenal ulcers; erosive esophagitis; GERD
  • inhibits H+/K+ ATPase system in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—n/v/d; pain; MS—fracture risk
  • take 1x/day, prior to breakfast
  • do not chew, crush, break
  • takes a few weeks to work
86
Q

PENTOXIFYLLINE

class

indication

action

side effects

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for intermittent claudication
  • ↓ viscosity of RBCs; ↑ flexibility of RBCs
  • causes GI/endo—upset
87
Q

PERMETHRIN

class

indications

how to admin

A
  • SCABICIDE; PEDICULOCIDE
  • for lice; crab lice; scabies; other mites
  • lice—apply shampoo 10 mins before you rinse
  • scabies—apply 8-14 hours before bathing; repeat in 7-10 days if tx fails
88
Q

PHENOZOPYRIDINE

class

indication

side effects

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANALGESIC
  • for UT irritation
  • causes Neuro—h/a; GI/endo—upset; liver toxicity (jaundice); F & E—renal toxicity; Integ—rash; Other—red/orange discoloration of skin, sclera, urine
  • monitor for jaundice & d/c if jaundice occurs
89
Q

PHENYLEPHRINE

class

indications

action

side effects

contraindication

caution

monitor…

A
  • ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST; SYMPATHOMIMETIC
  • for PO—cold/allergy; IV—shock; topical/eye drop—pupil dilation for exam; topial/intranasal—congestion
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; restlessness; tremors; dizziness; CV—palpitations; dysrhythmias; HTN; tachycardia; Resp—dyspnea; pulmonary edema; GI/endo—dry mouth; n/v; hyperglycemia; F & E—urninary retention
  • contraindicated with HTN
  • caution with CV disease; hyperthyroidism; DM
  • monitor VS; urine output; glucose
90
Q

POLYTHENE GLYCOL

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
91
Q

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

class

indication

caution

A
  • SUPPLEMENT
  • for hypokalemia
  • never give IV push (will cause death)
92
Q

PROCHLORPERAZINE

class

indication

side effects

A
  • PHENOTHIAZINE
  • for vomiting
  • causes Neuro—extrapyramidals; drowsiness; dystonia; photophobia; blurred vision; Resp—congestion; F & E—retention; Local—thrombophlebitis
93
Q

PROMETHAZINE

class

indication

side effects

how to admin

A
  • PHENOTHIAZINE
  • for vomiting
  • causes Neuro—extrapyramidals; drowsiness; dystonia; photophobia; blurred vision; Resp—congestion; F & E—retention; Local—thrombophlebitis
  • mix with 10mL & infuse slowly
94
Q

PROTAMINE SULFATE

class

indication

A
  • ANTIDOTE
  • for heparin & enoxaparin toxicity
95
Q

PSEUDOEPHEDRINE

class

indication

action

side effects

caution

also used for…

A
  • DECONGESTANT
  • for congestion
  • causes vasoconstriction
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; restlessness; anxiety; h/a; dizziness; Resp—rebound congestion (>3-5 days); CV—HTN
  • caution with HTN; CV disease; hyperthyroidism; DM
  • used to cook meth
96
Q

PSYLLIUM

class

indicatoin

action

side effects

how to admin

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • BULK FORMING LAXATIVE
  • for chronic constipation
  • absorb water into intestine; promote large soft stools
  • causes GI/endo—cramps; bloating; diarrhea
  • mix in water/juice; follow with another cup of fluid; give as soon as it’s mixed
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction; abd surgery
97
Q

RANITIDINE

class

indications

action

side effects

drug-drug interaction

A
  • HISTAMINE BLOCKER
  • for duodenal & benign gastric ulcers; stress ulcers; acute upper GI bleed prophylaxis; GERD; gastric distress
  • block histamine receptors in parietal cells
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; confusion; somnolence; CV—dysrhythmias; GI/endo—n/v/d
  • do not give w/i an hour of antacid admin
98
Q

RETEPLASE

class

indications

action

side effects

used when?

monitor…

contraindications

antidote

A
  • THROMBOLYTIC/FIBRINOLYTIC
  • for thrombotic CVA; early onset MI; restoring patency of central lines
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin; destroys fibrin of clots
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; CV—bleeding; hypotension; reperfusion dysrhythmias; Imm—allergic reaction; fever
  • best used w/i 4-6 hours of CVA
  • monitor PTT/PT/INR; sx of allergic reaction; bleeding
  • contraindicated in recent major surgery or trauma; intracranial hemorrhage; history of GI bleed
  • antidote—aminocaproic acid
99
Q

RIVAROXABAN

class

indications

action

side effects

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for DVT; a-fib
  • inhibits factor X
  • causes CV—bleeding; GI/endo—upset
100
Q

SCOPOLAMIDE

class

indication

side effects

also called…

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for vomiting
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; dry mouth
  • also called “devil’s breath”
101
Q

SENNA

class

indication

action

monitor…

A
  • HERBAL LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • irritates bowel
  • monitor F & E
102
Q

SIMETHICONE

indication

A
  • for flatulence with antacids
103
Q

SODIUM BICARBONATE

class

indications

action

side effects

monitor…

when to admin

may be given with…

A
  • ANTACID
  • symptomatic relief of hyperacidity; promotes ulcer healing
  • neutralizes HCl
  • causes GI/endo—gastric acid rebound when d/c; Other—systemic alkalosis
  • monitor pH
  • admin 2 hours before/after other meds
  • simethicone may be added to reduce flatus
104
Q

SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

contraindications

A
  • OSMOTIC LAXATIVE
  • for constipation
  • hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon; ↑ bulk, stimulates peristalsis
  • causes GI/endo—diarrhea; cramps; bloating; F & E—dehydration
  • monitor F & E
  • contraindicated with appendicitis; bowel obstruction
105
Q

SPIRONOLACTONE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

drug-drug interaction

tx for side effect

A
  • POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC
  • for edema r/t HF, cirrhosis, renal disease; hyperaldosteronism; HTN
  • acts on collecting duct & late distal tubules; Na+ excretion and K+ retention
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; GI/endo—diarrhea; F & E—hyperkalemia; Androgen effects—hirsutism; gynecomastia; irregular menses; deepening voice
  • monitor K+ & sx of hyperkalemia
  • caution with ACE inhibitors (hyperkalemia)
  • hyperkalemia—kayexalate
106
Q

STREPTOKINASE

class

indications

action

side effects

used when?

monitor…

contraindications

antidote

A
  • THROMBOLYTIC/FIBRINOLYTIC
  • for thrombotic CVA; early onset MI; restoring patency of central lines
  • converts plasminogen to plasmin; destroys fibrin of clots
  • causes Neuro—h/a; pain; CV—bleeding; hypotension; reperfusion dysrhythmias; Imm—allergic reaction; fever
  • best used w/i 4-6 hours of CVA
  • monitor PTT/PT/INR; sx of allergic reaction; bleeding
  • contraindicated in recent major surgery or trauma; intracranial hemorrhage; history of GI bleed
  • antidote—aminocaproic acid
107
Q

SUCRALFATE

class

indications

action

side effects

how to admin

A
  • PEPSIN INHIBITOR
  • for ulcers; oral & esophageal ulcers due to cancer tx
  • covers ulcer; protects from acid, pepsin, bile salts
  • causes Neuro—sleepiness; dizziness; vertigo; insomnia; GI/endo—dry mouth; n/v/d; indigestion; Integ—rash
  • dissolve tablet in water
108
Q

thrombolytic most likely to cause allergic reaction

A

streptokinase

109
Q

TICAGRELOR

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

A
  • ANTIPLATELET
  • for prevention of CVA, MI, DVT, etc
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—bleeding, bruising; thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—n/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
110
Q

TICLOPIDINE

class

indications

side effects

monitor…

A
  • ANTIPLATELET
  • for prevention of CVA, MI, DVT, etc
  • causes Neuro—h/a; dizziness; CV—bleeding, bruising; thrombocytopenia; GI/endo—n/d; abd pain; Integ—rash
  • monitor for signs of bleeding
111
Q

TIOTROPIUM

class

indication

action

side effects

how to use

advantage

A
  • ANTICHOLINERGIC
  • for daily COPD sx; COPD maintenance
  • dilates bronchioles
  • causes Neuro—nervousness; dizziness; h/a; CV—palpitations; GI/endo—distress; nausea
  • use 3-4x/day
  • fewer side effects than PO anticholinergics
112
Q

TOLTERODINE

class

indications

actions

side effects

tx for side effect

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANTISPASMODIC
  • for UT spasms (cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis); dysuria; incontinence; urgency; nocturia
  • blocks parasympathetic activity; suppresses overactivity
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; blurred vision; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—dry mouth; nausea; F & E—urinary hesitancy; Integ—↓ sweating
  • give water & hard candy for dry mouth
  • monitor intraocular pressure; I & O
113
Q

TORSEMIDE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

A
  • LOOP DIURETIC
  • for HF; pulmonary edema; kidney disease; liver disease; HTN
  • acts on loop of Henle; inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; paresthesia; ototoxicity; CV—dysrhythmias (hypokalemia); hypotension; GI/endo—hyperglycemia; n/v; F & E—severe F & E losses; dehydration; hyponatremia; hypokalemia; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; MS—↑ uric acid (gout)
  • monitor K+; glucose; sx dehydration; uric acid
114
Q

TRIAMTERENE

class

indications

actions

side effects

monitor…

drug-drug interaction

tx for side effect

A
  • POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETIC
  • for edema r/t HF, cirrhosis, renal disease; hyperaldosteronism; HTN
  • acts on collecting duct & late distal tubules; Na+ excretion and K+ retention
  • causes Neuro—dizziness; vertigo; GI/endo—diarrhea; F & E—hyperkalemia; Androgen effects—hirsutism; gynecomastia; irregular menses; deepening voice
  • monitor K+ & sx of hyperkalemia
  • caution with ACE inhibitors (hyperkalemia)
  • hyperkalemia—kayexalate
115
Q

TROSPIUM

class

indications

actions

side effects

tx for side effect

monitor…

A
  • URINARY TRACT ANTISPASMODIC
  • for UT spasms (cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis); dysuria; incontinence; urgency; nocturia
  • blocks parasympathetic activity; suppresses overactivity
  • causes Neuro—drowsiness; dizziness; blurred vision; CV—tachycardia; GI/endo—dry mouth; nausea; F & E—urinary hesitancy; Integ—↓ sweating
  • give water & hard candy for dry mouth
  • monitor intraocular pressure; I & O
116
Q

WARFARIN

class

indication

actions

side effects

monitor…

tx for side effect

food-drug interaction

contraindication

antidote

A
  • ANTICOAGULANT
  • for prevention of thromboembolism
  • prolongs bleeding time; prevents clots; inhibits hepatic synthesis of vit K & clotting factors
  • causes CV—hemorrhage; thrombocytopenia
  • monitor for signs of bleeding; PT/PTT/aPPT/INR
  • admin FFP for bleeding
  • eat vitamin K rich foods consistently
  • contraindicated in pregnancy
  • antidote—injectable vitamin K

NS373—Pharmacology (18 decks)

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