FINAL EXAM Flashcards
What are the four organic compounds, their monomer and their importance?
1.Carbohydrates:
-Source of dietary energy
-Raw material for making other organic compounds
Monomers= monosaccaride
- Amino Acids:
- Monomers to proteins
3.Proteins:
-provide support
-provide amino acid growth
-helps movement
-transports substances
Monomers= amino acids
- Lipids:
- Energy storage
- Cushioning
- Insulation
* NO MONOMERS
Give examples of the different types of organic compounds
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
How are organic molecules built?
identical monomers are bonded together to form polymers through dehydration reaction
How are organic molecules broken down?
polymers are broken down into monomer though hydrolysis reaction
Why is the 3D shape so important for proteins?
In order for a protein to function properly it must be in a 3D shape.. many polypeptide chains twisted
What are the 3 components to a Nucleotide? (DNA)
- Five carbon sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogen-containing base
What are the differences between a Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic Cells:
- Bacteria and Archaea
- Small
- NO membrane bound organelles
- No nucleus
Eukaryotic Cells:
- Animals, Fungi, Plants, Protists
- Large
- Have membrane bound organelles
- Have nucleus
What is an Organelle, what is an example of one?
Structures within a cell (membrane enclosed) ex: nucleus, mitochondria, ER…etc
What is the Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane made of?
Phospholipids
What are differences between the Animal and Plant cell?
plant cells have chloroplast, water bubble, and ridged cell wall.
What is the difference between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria?
Gram-negative:
- Thin peptidoglycan layer
- Pink
Gram-positive:
- Thick peptidoglycan layer
- Purple
What is ATP and why is it important in the cell?
Energy carrying molecules that cells use to power energy-requiring functions.
Without ATP we would die
What are Enzymes and why are they important in the cell?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Allow cell to respond to environment through regulation
What is an example of a type of Membrane Transport in the cell?
Active Transport: solutes are pumped from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
What happens to cells if they are in an Isotonic, Hypertonic, or Hypotonic solution?
Hypertonic: Higher concentration of solute. Will gain water
Isotonic: Equal concentration of solute. No change.
Hypotonic: Lower concentration of solute. Will lose water
What is the purpose of Cellular Respiration? What are the starting and ending components?
To produce ATP
Starting is O2
Ending is CO2
Why is cellular respiration also called Aerobic Respiration?
aerobic= it require oxygen
What Organelle is important for cellular respiration?
mitochondria
What is the overall purpose of Glycolysis?
To produce NADH and 2 ATP
What is the overall purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle?
To produce NADH and FADH2 and 2 ATP
What is the overall purpose of the Electron Transport Chain?
To produce 28 ATP
What occurs if there is a lack of oxygen? Why is Oxygen so important for making ATP?
Not enough ATP will be produced for the cells to function properly. Without oxygen only 2 ATP will be made
What is the purpose of Photosynthesis? What are the starting and ending components?
To transform light into chemical energy
CO2 + H20—–> C6H12O6 + O2
What type of organisms perform Photosynthesis? Why don’t all organisms perform Photosynthesis?
Autotrophic organisms. Not all organisms are autotrophic
