Exam 4

Question 1

Similar anatomical signs that point to a common ancestor is called what?

Answer 1

Homology

Question 2

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 2

Similar structures but came from different ancestors

Question 3

What evolves over time as adaptive traits become more common?

Answer 3

Population

Question 4

A change in a nucleotide sequence is a _______.

Answer 4

Mutation

Question 5

What are the three random components of sexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Independent assortment, crossing over, fertilization

Question 6

______ is the unit of evolution

Answer 6

Population

Question 7

Does the population or individual within a population evolve?

Answer 7

Population

Question 8

What is a gene pool?

Answer 8

All the possibilities of alleles for all genes within population

Question 9

What can change a genre pool? Which is the most important? Why?

Answer 9

Genetic drift
Gene flow
***Natural selection- MOST IMPORTANT- bc only process that promotes adaptation

Question 10

What are the two types of genetic drift?

Answer 10

The bottleneck effect

The founder effect

Question 11

Describe “the bottleneck effect” and its results

Answer 11

BASED OFF CHANCE
A drastic reduction in population size
Result =Loss of individual variation

Question 12

Describe “the founder effect”

Answer 12

A few individuals colonize and in isolated habitat (Amish in Pennsylvania)

Question 13

What is the result of “the founder effect”?

Answer 13

High frequency of certain inherited disorders (due to incest)

Question 14

Describe “ gene flow”

Answer 14

Genetic exchange with another population

Question 15

Evolution that results in organisms better suited to their environment is _____

Answer 15

Natural selection

Question 16

What are the two types of natural selection? Describe them….

Answer 16

Relative Fitness = If individual is more fit they will live longer and their kids will contribute more to the gene pool
Sexual Selection = Individuals with certain traits are more likely than others to obtain mates

Question 17

What are the 3 modes of Natural Selection? Which is most common?

Answer 17

Directional selection
Disruptive selection
*Stabilizing selection= most common

Question 18

Describe “Disruptive Selection”

Answer 18

Environment stress causes change to population to evolve ——> in favor of one extreme phenotype

Question 19

What does “Disruptive Selection” lead to?

Answer 19

A balance between two or more contrasting phenotypes

Question 20

What does stabilizing selection favor? Where does it occur?

Answer 20

Intermediate phenotypes

Occurs in stable environment

Question 21

What are antibiotics?

Answer 21

Drugs that kill infectious microorganisms

Question 22

A species is ______

Answer 22

A group of populations whose members have the potential to inter breed with one another

Question 23

What is a “reproductive barrier”?

Answer 23

Anything that prevents individuals of species from interbreeding

Question 24

Exaptations are_____

Answer 24

Structures (ex: feathers) that evolve in one context but becomes used for another function

Question 25

What are the 4 different kingdoms in domain eukarya?

Answer 25

Protists
Plantae
Fungi
Animals

Question 26

What are protozoans?

Answer 26

Aquatic protists that live by ingesting food

Question 27

What do slime molds eat?

Answer 27

Dead plant material

Question 28

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 28

6CO2 + 6H2O–LIGHT ENERGY—-> C6H1206 + O2

Question 29

What adapted to living on land?

Answer 29

Plants

Question 30

What is symbiosis?

Answer 30

Two organisms living close together, both benefit from relationship

Question 31

What is an example of symbiosis?

Answer 31

Mycorrihzae “Fungus roots”

Question 32

What are the parts if the plant above and below the ground called?

Answer 32

Above ground= Shoots

Below ground= Root System

Question 33

What is the main photosynthetic organs of most plants?

Answer 33

Leaves

Question 34

What are stomata? What do they do?

Answer 34

Microscopic pores on leaves, helps with gas exchange CO2 in O2 out

Question 35

• What is a cuticle? What does it do?

Answer 35

Waxy layer on leaves, helps plant retain water

Question 36

What is vascular tissue? What does it do?

Answer 36

Branching network of tube shaped cells transports materials/water between roots & shoots

Question 37

What are the four major periods of plant evolution?

Answer 37

1. Terrestrial Adaptations (cuticles)
2. Vascular Tissues
3. Seeds
4. Flowers

Question 38

Plant life cycle is called______

Answer 38

Alternation of Generation

Question 39

Mosses gave 2 distinct forms called:

Answer 39

Gametophyte & Sporophyte

Question 40

What occurs in mitosis of plant life cycle?

Answer 40

Gametophytes produce gametes (haploid n ) that unite to form diploid zygotes (2n) which develop into sporophytes

Question 41

What occurs in meiosis of plant life cycle?

Answer 41

Sporophytes produce haploid spores (n) that make more gametophytes

Question 42

What is the difference of gametophytes in moss vs. ferns?

Answer 42

They are dominant in moss and recessive in ferns

Question 43

What is the difference between sporophytes in moss vs. ferns?

Answer 43

They’re recessive in moss and dominant in ferns

Question 44

Seeds develop from ____. What does it contain?

Answer 44

Ovules, female gametophytes

Question 45

When a seed is not protected it is called_____.

Answer 45

A naked seed

Question 46

What are the male and female parts of a flower?

Answer 46

Anther and filament make up stamps =male

Stigma, style and ovary = female

Question 47

Name the plant diversities in order and give examples

Answer 47

1. Bryophytes -moss
2. Ferns -fern
3. Gymnosperms- pine trees (cones)
4. Angiosperms - flowering plants

Question 48

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 48

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 49

*What do fungi act as?

Answer 49

Decomposers

Question 50

Are fungi autotrophs or heterotrophs? How do they gain nutrient?

Answer 50

Heterotrophs/ absorption